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The purpose of this study is to investigate the individual variables of stress, depression, psychological well-being, and perceived restorative environment among tourists who experienced nature tourism, and further to clarify relationships between the variables. A survey of tourists who visited both Suncheon Bay Wetland Reserve, one of the world's five major coastal wetlands, and Suncheonman National Garden was conducted to achieve the purpose of this study. The results of testing the research question are as follows: First, nature tourists' stress was found to show positively (+) significant predictive power for depression. Second, nature tourists' stress was found to show negatively (-) significant predictive power for psychological well-being. Third, nature tourists' perceived restorative environment was found to have a positive buffering effect on the relationship between stress and depression. Lastly, nature tourists' perceived restorative environment was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between stress and psychological well-being. The findings of this study might have theoretical value in that it is the first attempt to clarify the positive buffering effect of perceived restorative environment on the relationship between nature tourists' stress and depression. In addition, the findings might have theoretical value in that this study is the first attempt to clarify the moderating effect of perceived restorative environment on the relationship between nature tourists' stress and psychological well-being. Further, at the practical level, the findings of this study will be applicable to travel therapy or the therapeutic area of environmental psychology as useful theoretical data and policy data.

This study was conducted to find out the effect of factors forming the cooperative governance on the participation and performance of Tour Dure that have been in effect since 2013. Through this study, consultation and authority had an effect on the relationship between the factors forming the cooperative governance and participation, but the provision of information was rejected. In the relationship between participation and performance, financial performance was adopted, but non-financial performance was partially adopted. In the relationship between the factors forming cooperative governance and performance, financial performance was adopted, but non-financial performance was partially adopted. The Tour Dure is being implemented to promote tourism in a region where the population structure is rapidly changing due to aging and more women left, and is being implemented to promote the local economy such as creating jobs. Through this study, I would like to suggest ways to induce the participation of members and to achieve high results in order to activate the Tour Dure.

The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between risk perception and risk avoidance tendency and to investigate the effect of moderating effect on visit intention. The perceved risk ccofding to the moderating variable. Person Type, was found to have a different behavioral intention. Which has a significant effect on intention to visit. Allocentric group has low level of risk avoidance due to an active personality and it shows progressive tendency to challenge for planned goal without considering the perception of anxiety psychology. The Psychocentric group and thd Mic-centric group showed higher anxiety about the risk and the tendency to avoid the risk was strongly influenced by thinking about uncertainty. Therefore, it is verified that the intention to change and the intention to visit have a correlation. For this reason, the research study results show the intention to visit the festival places was different according to the personal tendency of the visitors. Festival hosting plays a pivotal role in regional development by developing the community and revitalizing the economy. Therefore it is considered that safety should be considered first by predicting the anxiety factors of tourists pesrception of danger through successful festival hosting.

This study presented the following research results by selecting 35 out of 49 5-star hotels in order to understand the effect of hotel companies' cash holding ratio on management performance. First, the management performance of a hotel company has a positive(+) average value. However, the cash holding ratio, current ratio, net working capital ratio, and cash flow ratio showed lower than appropriate ratios, indicating that the amount of cashes required for business operation is somewhat insufficient. Second, the correlation analysis between the cash holding ratio and other variables was conducted for management performance. Indexes related to debt capital show a positive(+) relationship with management performance, while indicators related to tangible assets, which are non-current assets of hotel companies, show a negative(-) relationship. Third, although there are differences in the indicators that show the influence on the management performance of hotel companies, it was suggested that management performance can be increased by utilizing variables related to the cash holding ratio. Therefore, hotel companies will need to actively utilize cash assets apart from tangible assets belonging to non-current assets that are held and used for business. Although hotel companies operate based on non-current assets, it is necessary to establish various marketing strategies using cash assets in order to improve management performance. Managers need to make decisions to verify and manage the appropriate cash holding ratio.

The purpose of this study is to explore innovative wellness tourism contents based on the needs and wants of the new silver generation to seek a strategy for positioning. The data were collected from the silver generation who was recommended by the researcher’s acquaintances, family members, and relatives from March 15 to 21, 2020. The data collection was conducted using an on-line survey system. The scope of the survey was expanded to over 40s because there were several limitations in collecting on-site data due to the spread of infectious diseases(Corona-19). The data were analyzed by such statistical tests as independent two sample t-test, linear regression, univariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. The results revealed that the wants of wellness tourism are significantly related with the importance of the selection attribute of wellness tourism and intention to use. The study also identified the differences in the influence relationship between the research variables according to the type of wellness tourism group (e.g., necessary vs. unnecessary). The findings suggested that experts with the wellness tourism should input more efforts and attentions to develop innovatory contents which would be able to bring out the value and balance of life and preventive health care of the silver generation. In particular, the products and services of wellness tourism focusing on the variety and expertise tourism products and convenience of medical facilities must be run for the first to sustain continued development and market expansion of wellness tourism in the world tourism market.

July 28, 2020 for residents of Seoul, Gyeonggi, and metropolitan areas who have experience using delivery apps in order to understand which optional attributes of the delivery app reflect customer needs and which optional attributes should be improved first. From August 10th to August 10th, 3 indifferent qualities and 18 unified qualities were derived using the Kano model through a total of 238 samples. In Timko's Customer Satisfaction Coefficient, the items with higher Better Coefficient are the food taste and quality, the correct arrival time, detailed photos of the menu composition, the hygiene of the packaging, and the packaging hygiene with a high Worse coefficient in the order of luxurious packaging type. The taste and quality of food, resolution of inconveniences such as cancellation and refund, clear delivery fee notification, and thorough personal information security were followed. The simplicity of the membership registration process classified as attractive quality factor in the Timko customer satisfaction coefficient, thorough personal information security, accurate delivery of information such as menu, price, and business hours, reliable and honest reviews, accurate expected arrival time, food taste and quality, The hygiene of packaging, detailed photos of the menu composition, payment and accumulation of mileage, coupon, discount, and points, diversity of payment methods, and the simple payment system are attributes that can differentiate when increasing customer satisfaction and need to be used as a marketing strategy.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between the quality of tourism performance, experiential value, and repurchase intentions felt by foreign tourists who watched Korean tourism performance, and further to propose theoretical and practical implications that will help create a new consumer market in the performance tourism industry in Korea. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, prior research on tourism performance quality, experiential value, repurchase intention, and the relationships between each others were analyzed. Foreigners who have visited Korea and watched tourism performances were distributed with questionnaires written in four different languages, and an empirical analysis was performed using SPSS v.21.0 with 236 valid samples out of 300 samples collected in the survey. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis of the collected data were conducted. This study demonstrated that the quality of tourism performances has partially positive effects on the experiential value, and that the quality of tourism performances and the experiential value of tourism performance have a significant effect on the repurchase intention. Future studies should contribute to establishing a theoretical framework, carrying out practical discussions and improving the satisfaction of foreign tourists through academic discussions in the field of tourism performance. Theoretical and empirical research on boosting tourism performance is also needed, as this is expected to mean more to the development of tourism in Korea.

Recently, due to the globalization of Korean food and COVID-19, Korean food has become a form of eating separately rather than having a table that is shared by many people due to sanitary problems. This study was intended to find out about the impact of one-person table setting attributes in korean restaurant on restaurant image and user satisfaction. For this purpose of the study, 248 questionnaires were collected from customers visiting One-person table setting Korean restaurant and used for statistical analysis. In this study, a correlation analysis was conducted after securing conceptual validity and reliability. The results of the empirical analysis of this study are as follows. First, it turned out that one-person table setting attributes in korean restaurant had a partial positive effect on the restaurant image. Second, it was shown that one-person table setting attributes in korean restaurant had a positive effect on user satisfaction. Third, the restaurant image had a positive effect on user satisfaction. Fourth, in terms of the mediating effect of one-person table setting attributes in korean restaurant on user satisfaction, aesthetic image was found to partially reflect the effect of convenience, health and hygiene on user satisfaction of individual table setting attributes. Accordingly, this study is judged to present and be actively utilized as a tool for another differentiated marketing strategy in the ongoing competition for dining out.

In east asia, confucianism has had a great influence not only on people's minds but also on economic development. This study was designed to understand the impact of confucian values on the sustainability of Korean longevity restaurants(老鋪). The purpose of this study is to derive the Confucian values that influenced the establishment of the core values of longevity restaurant. This can be used as information for building capabilities of restaurant that faced lots of barriers. In-depth interview method was conducted on 9 old korean restaurants with over 50 years of history and family succession. Key findings are following as; (1) Confucian values related to business succession; Filial piety (孝), Patriarchy (家父長制) (2) Confucian values related to business purpose; Righteousness(義) (3) Confucian values related to customer relationship; Benevolence or Human-heartedness (仁) (4) Confucian values related to Organization Membership; familism(家). Finally, based on these research results, academic and practical implications were provided.

The context to enhance proactive service performance needs to be investigated in the hotel industry because extra service efforts are needed to fulfill customer needs. This study aims to investigate the contextual impact of paradoxical leadership(PL) on proactive service performance(PS) mediated through trust in leader(TL). Paradoxical leadership includes five kinds of integration including uniformity and individualization(UI), self-centeredness and other-centeredness(SO), decision control and autonomy(CA), work requirements and flexibility(RF), and distance and closeness(DC). Focused on the hotel industry, the relationships among PL, TL, and PS have been hypothesized based on the existing literature. This study surveys the front-of-house employees of five star hotels using convenience sampling. The number of 272 cases was used for actual analysis and the results were explained using structural equation modeling. The results firstly indicate that CA made a significantly positive influence on TL whereas the impacts of UI, SO, RF, and DC were rejected Secondly UI, CA, and RF positively influenced PS whereas the impacts of SO and DC were rejected. Thirdly TL makes a significant impact on PS. Finally TL mediates for the relationship between CA and PS. This study indicates the context to enhance PS and discusses how to develop paradoxical leadership.

Many countries are gradually developing through globalization, but risk factors such as infectious diseases are sometimes hindering their development. At the end of last year, COVID-19 from China spread around the world at a very rapid rate. The industry most affected by COVID19 is the tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to examine consumer's travel behavior intent in a sudden crisis situation caused by an infectious disease. This study applied Protection Motivation Theory to analyze travel behavior intentions of travelers due to infectious diseases. In the case of unmarried, high-income, and white-collar workers groups, it was found that travel intention did not decrease due to infectious diseases. Among the theory of protection motivation, it was found that Severity had a negative effect on travel intention, and Response Efficacy had a positive effect. On the other hand, Vulnerability and Self-efficacy were found to have no effect. The more positively evaluated the government policy on COVID-19, the greater the travel intention, and the higher the level of knowledge about COVID-19, the higher the travel intention. In addition, the more negative attitudes toward COVID-19, the lower the travel intention. Strategic responses are needed for the travel industry to revive, which is currently in a recession due to COVID-19. In order to increase the effectiveness of the policy direction, the results of this study can be appropriately reflected.

Passion, an intention to get engrossed in a thing with enthusiastic affection, is an important character with which human potential can be predicted, and which may result in immersion, resolution, dedication and even an obsession. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence relationship among cabin crews' passion, job stress and organizational commitment. Based on the purpose, it attempted to highlight the value of human resources directly affecting the decision of images and competitive advantage among airlines and stress the importance of the human resource management. First, each of harmonious and obsessive passion, among sub-factors of cabin crews' passion, has a negative and a positive effect on job stress, respectively. Second, the harmonious passion has a positive effect on the organizational commitment. Third, cabin crews' job stress has a negative effect on the organizational commitment. The cabin crew is a job demanding strong passion, due to its tasks requiring much physical and psychological energy, suggesting that the competitiveness of airlines would be significantly improved, if cabin crews' positive passion can be drawn by reducing the job stress and increasing the organizational commitment.

This study was at verifying the relationship between experience and enjoyment, brand attachment, and loyalty of the Handart Korea Exhibition. The experience consists of four elements of experience: deviation, aesthetics, entertainment, and education: 10 questions, 3 enjoyment, 7 brand attachment, and 4 loyalty, and the validity and reliability were verified. Six research hypotheses were established on the relationship between experience, enjoyment, brand attachment, and loyalty of the exhibition, and the results of the verification are as follows: Deviation, aesthetics, entertainment, and education, which are the elements of experience, all had a significant effect on the enjoyment of participants(H1). After perception of the joy of experience, brand attachment was formed, and loyalty was formed through brand attachment(H2,3). The implications of verifying the influence relationship between experience and enjoyment, brand attachment, brand attachment and loyalty are as follows: It is necessary to develop an experience program that applies deviation, aesthetics, entertainment, and educational experience. It is necessary to carefully observe the reactions that affect brand attachment and loyalty. It is necessary to study experience programs that 20s with high participation rates can prefer.

This study verified the effect of the educational relationship between teacher and student on the overall satisfaction of university education. The survey was conducted on college students from October 22 to December 20, 2019, and a total of 305 samples were used for the final analysis. The analysis results showed that the factors of educational relationship had significant impacts on students' overall satisfaction. Specifically, the most influential factor was the professor's trust and enthusiasm among the factors. It was also the most significant factor in the analysis results considering the students' gender, grade and disposition. First, female students were influenced by all factors of the educational relationship on the satisfaction. And in the case of first and second graders, the professor's attention played an important role. The third and fourth graders were affected by the professor's expectation and interaction. Finally, considering the students' propensity, both introverts and extroverts had significant impacts on their satisfaction by the professor's trust and enthusiasm. Therefore, the most important point in the educational relationship means that the trust and enthusiasm of the professor's teaching should be equipped with the most basic requirements.

This study carried out empirical analysis focusing on hypotheses to verify the difference in leisure activity according to the propensity of college students. As a result of factor analysis on consumption inclination, it was classified into four factors such as public orientation, enjoyment orientation, efficiency orientation, and information orientation. It was divided into three clusters such as a group. As a result of factor analysis on leisure activities, physical activity, social activity, recreational activity, and intellectual activity were classified into four dimensions, and the difference verification of leisure activity attributes among three groups derived from consumption tendency was conducted. As a result of analysis, there were statistically significant differences in leisure activity attribute factors among the three clusters. Therefore, the hypothesis suggested by the theoretical basis of previous studies was partially adopted. The following are practical implications, according to the consumer's propensity to pursue, that leisure activities rediscover true happiness and quality of life and prepare for the future as well as personal development as well as self-realization and stress control. It should be a leisure activity that can be used for adaptation and health promotion. Therefore, the study found the meaning and worth of life in college life, and suggested the importance of policy preparation for satisfaction of leisure activity by consumption tendency to have positive recognition for school by activating leisure activity that can develop self.

In this study, as various risk factors appear in the tourism crisis, the relationship between risk perception, attitude, and intention to switch have been investigated. According to the results of verifying the research problems presented in this study through empirical analysis. first, it was found that the risk perception of tourists affects emotional, behavioral, and negative attitudes. If only physical factors, which are the factors of risk perception, did not the only factor significantly affects attitudes, socio-psychological, terrorist, disease, and natural disaster factors were judged to have a significant effect on attitudes. Second, among the risk perception factors affecting the intention to switch, physical risk, terrorist risk, disease risk, and natural disaster risk were all found to have a positive effect on the intention to switch. Third, among the attitude factors affecting the intention to switch, behavioral attitude and negative attitude factors were found to have a positive effect on the intention to switch. According to the results of the verification, it is necessary to promote positively by highlighting the fact that tourists are safe in order to resolve the risk factors perceived by tourists. It is thought to reduce perception. And then based on these significant findings, implications, limitations and the future research directions of the study also have been discussed.

This study derives the effects of the personality characteristics (neuropathy, extroversion, openness, affinity, integrity) of coffee shop employees on job attitude (job satisfaction, organizational commitment) and results on job performance, and examines the personality characteristics of coffee shop employees. Therefore, by understanding the difference in the attitude of the job attitude, it was intended to present efficient management and detailed performance for the coffee shop employees. First, as a result of verifying the effect of personality characteristics of coffee shop employees on job satisfaction of job attitude, only the four dimensions of personality characteristics except neurosis among neurosis, extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity were significant (( +), but neurosis did not. Second, as a result of examining the effect of personality characteristics of coffee shop employees on organizational commitment of job attitude, only the four dimensions of personality characteristics except neurosis among neurosis, extroversion, openness, affinity, and sincerity were significant (( +), but neurosis did not. Third, as a result of verifying the effect of job attitude on job performance, it was found that it had a significant positive (+) effect on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Among them, job satisfaction was found to have a greater effect.

The purpose of this rsearch is to find out the relationship among TV Food Program Quality, Viewer Satisfaction, Re-Viewing Intention. The aim of research is to explain the purpose carried out by the viewers who watched three or more TV food programs in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province for 30 days from August 1st to August 30th, 2018. /The self-administered questionnaire survey method, Google questionnaire (Social Network Services/sites, SNS), and mail were used as sample data for empirical analysis. The results of the hypothesis verification of this study are: First, the results of regression analysis to determine the effect of TV food program quality on viewing satisfaction, and TV food program quality has a positive (+) effect on'viewing satisfaction'. appear. Second, as a result of a simple regression analysis to understand the effect of viewing satisfaction on re-viewing intention, it was found that 'viewing satisfaction' had a positive (+) effect on 're-viewing intention'. It can be interpreted that the quality of TV food programs affects consumers' viewing satisfaction and re-viewing intention. This research presents the systematically basic data to approach the TV Food Program Quality.

Recently each local government has been greatly emphasized on regional development through MICE industry and making great effort to develop local specialized convention products with regional specialized and strategic industry. The research on impact of convention is mainly conducted on economic impact, yet there has been a lack of research on other values such as social and brand which cannot be converted financially. Thus, this study examines how domestic and foreign convention participants are aware of the impact of convention, event performance and support. It also aims to verify the relationship among them. The results of a survey of 212 participants in Seongnam International Medical Tourism Convention 2019 indicate that there are three components including economic, social, and image factors. There are significant differences in perception between domestic and foreign convention participants. It also shows that the impact of convention have significant effect on event performance and support. Theoretical and practical implications are considered.

It is very important for the companies that share of human resources is high like hotels to understand the career commitment in the employees who acknowledge underemployment. Studies will be significantly meaningful theoretically as well as practically in the subjects of Chinese hotel industry that is rapidly growing but reported with underemployment. In addition, career commitment of the employees are not generated only with individual wills. Degree of their commitment can be maximized when they are supported physically by collaboration with peers, trust building, and so on to use multiple resources within the organization, which may play a significant role to enhance the organization performance. Therefore, seeking mediation variables to affect the employees’ behaviors and attitudes in the organization are very important task. The concept of social capital can be an example. Upon the analysis results of collected data, underemployment showed negative influences on career commitment. In addition, social capital was analyzed to mediate the relationships between underemployment and career commitment. According to the research results, Chinese hotel companies need to make efforts to prevent the negative impact of underemployment.

The purpose of this study is to identify the inner behavior and the surface behavior, which are the factors of emotional labor, and to examine the impact relationship between emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention for cruise employees working in the cruise industry, a promising industry in the 21st century. Data collection was conducted from February 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020 A total of 300 copies of the questionnaires were distributed and 292 copies were collected. To achieve the research objective, statistical analysis was conducted through SPSS23.0 and AMOS statistics program. As a basic analysis, frequency analysis and technical analysis were conducted to understand demographic characteristics, and exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis were performed to determine the reliability and validity of respondents. After verification, the hypothesis was verified by performing a covariance analysis. First, Emotional labor will have a positive effect on emotional exhaustion. Second, Emotional labor will have a positive effect on turnover intention. Third, Emotional burnout will have a positive effect on turnover intention. The purpose of this course is to present an effective development direction of human resources management for cruise hotel companies and a way to enhance competitiveness.

Due to the nature of the food service industry, internal support is needed to balance job satisfaction and work satisfaction among employees, who are emotional workers, in that service is made to contact customers based on human services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of emotional labor and social support for food service company employees on job satisfaction as a mediating effect of work-life balance and work-life balance and job satisfaction. To conduct the research, 320 questionnaires were distributed in Gyeonggi area from February 1 to February 10, 2020 using the Google Internet survey system. A total of 300 responses were obtained, excluding 20 infeasible data. The SPSS statistics program was used to verify the mediating effect through frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Hypotheses 1, 2, Deep acting had a positive effect on work-life balance and job satisfaction. Hypotheses 3, 4, Coworker Support had a positive effect on work-life balance and job satisfaction. Hypothesis 5, work-life balance had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Hypotheses 6, 7, Deep acting and Coworker Support had a positive effect on job satisfaction by partially mediating work-life balance. As an implication, positive resources that can be obtained from the state of personal emotions and interpersonal relationships required for the work of catering employees are empirically grasped by applying work-life balance and job satisfaction for individuals to the workplace.

This study conducted wine testing on Chateau Margaux 1943 and based on the analysis results, it was intended to contribute to the research methodology of old wine testing centered on the reevaluation of old wine and future decanting. Through stabilization and appraisal, a preliminary stage of old wine testing, the middle stage of aromatics analysis centered on decanting was conducted. Aroma has been identified in five stages as oak, leather, flower, fruit, and strawberry juice. The first stage appeared to be the flavor of luxurious oak, the second stage was the aroma of soft leather, the third stage was the aroma of colorful flowers, the fourth stage was the aroma of rich fruit, and the fifth stage was the combination of dark strawberry juice. Wine testing was analyzed in seven stages: (See) identified in refined brown color; (Swirling) means that it takes place in a wine glass at the wine testing stage; (Sniff) showed a complex bouquet centered on dark strawberry juice; (Sip) felt rich in sugar, body, tannin, acidity, balance, and composites. This study suggests that it provides the basis for the research methodology to be applied to future old wine studies by performing detailed analyses in the pre, middle and post-stage centering on decanting in old wine testing.

This article aims to investigate the effects of professor's communication on emotional response and class satisfaction for university students majoring in airline services. A total of 254 valid responses were applied for structural equation analyses. The outcomes of statistical analysis proved the evidence for a reasonable level of reliability and validity of this theory. The results are as follows. First, professor's verbal communication exerted a positive impact on positive emotion and a negative impact on negative emotion. Second, professor's nonverbal communication exerted a positive impact on positive emotion, indicating significant coefficients of body language. On the other hand, space language, voice language, and appearance language didn't. Professor's nonverbal communication exerted a negative impact on negative emotion, indicating significant coefficients of appearance language. On the other hand, body language, space language and voice language didn't. Third, positive emotion turned out to affect positively on class satisfaction and negative emotion did negatively on it. The findings identified how students could be satisfied with the class through the successful communication of the professor. Furthermore, the outcome provided a theoretical basis for adapting well to the airline industry and effectively performing field work.

The demand for travel services have increased, as more focus of consumption have shifted from goods to experiences. Naturally, consumer’s online dependency for travel information search and travel service purchase have escalated. We address the influence of consumer characteristics, including travel knowledge(purchase channel knowledge, travel experience), individual’s leisure consumption level, and gender, on online travel reservation channel choices: flight/hotel company’s own website, general shopping app/site, online travel agency(OTA), etc. Also, we compare these effects between hotel reservation channel choices and flight ticket reservation channel choices. Travel characteristics, such as travel length, number of companions, and purchase price level, are included as control variables. Findings show that consumers with greater purchase channel knowledge are more likely to use general shopping apps/sites to purchase flight ticket and OTAs to make hotel reservations. Consumers with greater travel experiences are more inclined to directly purchase from the suppliers of flight and hotel services, while demonstrating lower tendency to use search portal sites(Naver, Daum). Male consumers are more likely to make purchases from the suppliers’ direct online channels, while female consumers show relatively higher use of general shopping apps/sites purchasing flight tickets and OTAs booking hotels online.

Despite the fact that consumers frequently face stressful situations on board during air travel, there are very few in-depth studies regarding the stress experienced on board and its responses. Therefore, this study established the concept of air stress experienced on board, developed a measurement tool to effectively measure air stress, and investigated its validity. The results of the research can be summarized as follows. In the first phase, in-depth interview was carried out based on phenomenological method to establish the concept of air stress and structure air stress into multidimensional factors. Through qualitative validation, it was confirmed that air stress consisted of 2 factors, namely, air stressors and air stress responses. And air stressors was composed of three factors: personal factor, social environment, and physical environment, and air stress responses was composed of two factors: emotional response and behavioral response. In the second phase, a quantitative research was conducted to filter the developed measurement items and to verify its reliability and validity. Based on these results, the study provided valuable theoretical and managerial implications and directions for future research.

This research examined the types of perceptions that single-person household university students have regarding HMR selection attributes by using Q-methodology. Twenty-seven Q-statements were generated and 31 single-person household university students were selected as the P-sample to conduct Q-classification. The results of the Q-factor analysis showed that the types of perceptions were divided into two types: “economic gourmets who focus on convenience” and “those who focus on hygiene and freshness.” The university students corresponding to the former type perceived taste, ease of consumption, and affordable price as important. The students corresponding to the latter type had the characteristic of considering hygienic food, fresh ingredients, and taste as important. The results of this research can be utilized as useful material by food service distribution companies for the development of food service products and for the establishment of effective sales strategies.

This study was conducted on the Chrysanthemum Exhibition at Yurim Park in Yuseong-gu to find out how the optional nature of the festival affects urban attitudes and emotional reactions. A total of 395 effective samples were obtained and used for empirical analysis. The questionnaire collected for empirical analysis was analyzed using the statistical program, SPSS Win 26. The analysis methods included reliability analysis, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, and simple regression analysis for statistical reliability and feasibility review. The results of the study showed that, first of all, the factors that the optional attributes of the festival affect the city's attitude were exhibition programs, convenience of use, and locality. These results were considered to have an important impact on urban attitudes by 1,100 chrysanthemum sculptures that created the Yuseong-gu character "Yuseong," local folktales "hak," and Yuseong Hot Springs in storytelling format. Second, the optional attributes of the festival were shown as factors affecting the emotional response, such as exhibition programs, convenience of use, and locality. Unlike other festivals, this is judged to be a differentiated exhibition program that can affect visitors' emotional reactions. Third, it was analyzed that urban attitude affects emotional response. Visitors who are friendly to the city's attitude can induce continued interest and visits to the host city of the festival by showing positive emotional reactions in their emotional responses.

University students' major selection is very important, in that it can develops their interest, aptitude and ability by fostering their scholarship and knowledge and has an effect on not only campus life but also their future job selection and whole life. This study therefore attempted to verify the effect of university students' major selection motivations, who major in the department of aviation tourism, on work values and major satisfaction. The subjects included 438 university students majoring in the department of aviation tourism and used SPSS WIN 21.0 for the statistical analysis. The findings are as follows: First, both individual motivations and social motivations, sub-factors of major selection motivations have significantly positive effects on intrinsic values and extrinsic values, those of work values. Second, both individual motivations and social motivations, sub-factors of major selection motivations also have significantly positive effects on academic satisfaction, perception satisfaction and relation satisfaction, those of major satisfaction factors. Third, intrinsic values has a significantly positive effect on academic satisfaction, perception satisfaction and relation satisfaction, while extrinsic values only has a significantly positive effect on perception satisfaction. The findings suggest that it is necessary to make effort to enhance the major capability of university students majoring in the department of aviation tourism, by establishing a system and developing curriculum, for changing their major satisfaction and work values.

As the tourism sector has become one of the fastest areas of growth in the contemporary business environment, tourism has been increasingly regarded as an important impetus to promoting export trade and economic growth in many countries. However, the tourism research field has not been reviewed systematically or comprehensively. Therefore, this study analyzes existing tourism literature by constructing keyword networks to identify the key concepts and issues that researchers are most interested in and to show changes in research trends. We collected 1,053 academic publications published between 2008 and 2019 in five leading journals to empirically show how keywords of paper are connected and form a network. Based on the degree of network centrality of keywords, we present the important keywords by year, by journal, and by time period to show similarities and differences in important concepts and issues prioritized by researchers. As a common result, it was found that service quality, customer satisfaction, and hotels/restaurants have been treated as important issues in the keyword network. It has also been shown that the introduction of information technology in the tourism industry is emerging as a recent research trend.