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The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in perception of Korean tourism viewed from the Chinese perspective by using large data of Baidu social media in China. For this purpose, we collected data on "Korea Tourism" in Baidu, China's representative portal site for Three years from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected by using TEXTOM, a data collecting and processing program and from those data, density, degree centrality were analyzed by utilizing packaged NetDraw along with UCINET. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the web visibility of free travel, accommodation and travel content were high. In addition, the result showed that the web visibility was also high for political issues such as THAAD.

The individual capabilities of cabin crews are the very important essential factors to sustainable competitive advantage because cabin crews are providing the service and safety activities for the passengers on the service encounter through the first line in flight. The purpose of this study is to manage perfectionism of cabin crews effectively by analyzing their perfectionism and relationship of job stress and burnout. This data is collected and analyzed from 204 questionnaires targeting the cabin crews of two Full Service Carriers and J Low Cost Carriers in Korea. In addition, this study had been distributed for four weeks form Nov 1th to Nov 25th, 2018. The results of the study show that among the factors of perfectionism, concern over mistakes and doubts about actions did have significant effects on job stress. Second, among the factors perfectionism, concern over mistakes and doubts about actions did have significant effects on burnout. Third, all factors of the job stress did have significant effects on burnout. The results of the analysis, human resource management system which emphasizes the importance of perfectionism support among cabin crews.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the impact of Work-Life Balance in hospitality on Quality of Life and Innovative Behavior. The results from this empirical study with 269 samples of hotel employees in Seoul show that 1)H1-1, H1-2: work-family and work-leisure balance on quality of life is adopted but H1-3: work-growth balance on quality of life is rejected, 2)H2-1, H2-2: work-family and work-leisure on innovative behavior but H2-3: work-growth balance on innovative behavior is rejected, 3)H3: quality of life on innovative behavior is adopted, 4)H4-1, H4-2: the impact of quality of life as mediator the relationship between work-family & work-leisure balance and innovative behavior is adopted, but work-leisure balance and quality of life is rejected. The meaning of this research and practical implications include the following. It will be necessary to schedule shift-work to have enough leisure activities and take care of the family. Despite that work-growth balance is rejected, human resource management would encourage employees to find their self-development. And, since it is no longer the best way for hotelier as emotional labor to give material rewards, there should be the differentiated way such as psychological rewards to control them in human resource management. For future research, it will be more samples of a survey and expanded sample area. And even, comparative study of the relationship between rooms and F&B department will be reasonable.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the implication for ESP learners vocabulary list based on Corpus by constructing and analyzing airline’s safety manual. Over the past 10 years in Korea, Corpus based ESP research has been gradually increasing, as it was frequently applied to various fields of English education and related research. Since safety related vocabulary is essential to know as a flight attendant’s duty, Corpus analysis based on Safety manual can be a very efficient approach to delivering content for ESP-related discipline. Therefore, 6 different safety manuals from foreign airlines were collected to make a list followed by extracted from specialized corpus program called AntConc 3.5.7. The total number of word types from all data was 12,841, while token numbers was shown 350,643. The results of analysis are follows. Firstly, total number of 1000 vocabulary list was developed by the order of high frequency. Secondly, lexical bundle list was developed either 3 cluster and 4 cluster. Lastly, the concordance list of vocabulary ‘cabin’ was checked. Based on results of this study, these lists can be used as an important tool for those who are majoring in Airline service at college for ESP class or who is about to join safety training as they are under the training at Airlines. This study has provided a practical way of ESP class by focusing on high frequency vocabulary from data used in actual site that is Airlines.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between participation motivation, commitment, satisfaction, and behavior intention of 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games volunteers, and to analyze the management strategies such as recruitment and administrative management of various mega event volunteers such as the Olympics, and to help establish the management strategies to utilize as social capital after the Olympics. For this study, investigators surveyed 250 PyeongChang Winter Olympic volunteers, and 228 surveys were used for the final regression analysis. As an analysis result, first, volunteers' participation motivation has a positive effect on commitment, and the related factors are patriotism, self-development, and interpersonal exchange. Second, participation motivation has a positive effect on satisfaction, and the related factors are patriotism, interpersonal exchange, extrinsic reward. Third, it was analyzed that commitment had a positive effect on satisfaction. Fourth, it was analyzed that commitment had a positive (+) influence on behavior intention. Fifth, it was analyzed that satisfaction had a positive (+) influence on future behavior intention. Sixth, it was analyzed that participation motivation has a positive effect on behavioral intention, and the related factors are patriotism, self-development, interpersonal exchange, extrinsic reward factor.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between food service employee’s empathy ability, self-efficacy, and customer orientation. In this study, the empathy ability was composed of cognitive empathy and emotional empathy while self-efficacy and customer orientation were composed of a single factor. For the research, this study conducted a Google-based online survey on the food service employees working at food service companies including hotels in Seoul and Gyeonggi region. The survey was conducted from January 2nd to January 30th 2019. Total of 236 questionnaires were collected and excluded 10 unusable data, 226 responses were used for an empirical analysis. Frequency analysis was carried out for demographic characteristics and confirmatory factor analysis for reliability and validity. In order to test the hypothesis, structural equation modeling was used. The results on analysis of hypotheses were as follows. In hypothesis 1, the empathy ability had a positive (+) influence on self-efficacy. In hypothesis 2, the empathy ability had complete mediating effect on self-efficacy and had a positive (+) influence on customer orientation. In addition, in hypothesis 3, the self-efficacy had a positive influence on the customer orientation. Thus, all of the hypotheses were adopted. This study results suggest theoretical and practical implications on human resource management and human resource development.

Convention industry is valued as a industry with high-potential to create jobs. However, this industry also has a issue of high turn-over rate and lack of experienced workers. Therefore, this study started from a primary goal of finding solution to low the level of turnover in the industry. For achieving the primary goal, this study aimed to investigate the effect of work value of convention employees on organizational commitment and job performance. Also, this study focused on the moderating effect of group cohesiveness between the work value and organization commitment. The results showed that perceived work only inherent work value positively influences on organization commitment, and organizational commitment positively influences on job performance. Also, this study showed that group cohesiveness moderate the relation between work value and organization commitment partially. Through the findings, academic implications on further studies and practical implications on human resource management in convention industry were discussed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CSR activities on food service industry job satisfaction and turnover intention by using food service industry CSR activities with 350 out of 400 (effective sample rate: 87.5%) As a result of the analysis, it was found that factor reduction of ISO 26000 was executed from the same factor of human rights and labor practices, and it was derived as six factors, and the relationship between CSR activities and sustainability management was partially influenced. Among the CSR activities, three factors of labor / human rights practices, fair operating practices, and participation in community development were found to have a significant effect on sustainability management. All of the hypotheses were adopted. The implication of this study is that ISO 26000 is identified as a social responsibility activity.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of selection attribute(hygiene, convenience of product, menu) of HMR franchisor dosirak restaurant on customer satisfaction and repurchase intention. This study will help to finding efficient development plan for management and sale of HMR franchisor dosirak restaurant. For the empirical analysis, The study began December 7th 2018 and was concluded on February 28th 2019. 300 surveys were sent out and 288 were included in the final research and report, where the remaining 12 were deemed unusable and omitted from the final study. The final 288 copies were used for analysis. The results indicated that first, the convenience of product, menu among selection attribute of HMR franchisor dosirak restaurant significantly positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, the convenience of product, menu among selection attribute of HMR franchisor dosirak restaurant significantly positive effect on repurchase intention. Third, the customer satisfaction positive effect on repurchase intention. The implication of this study is as follows, management of HMR franchisor dosirak restaurant. needs efforts for investment in the convenience of product, menu in selection attribute of HMR franchisor dosirak.

This study focuses on the relationship between CEO 's leadership and organizational innovation through the interviews of stakeholders and the CEO' s leadership. First, in order to strengthen the competitiveness of CEO leadership, it is necessary to have leadership capability to gain empathy and trust from employees through various methods of communication based on CEO's professional knowledge and reasonable decision-making. Second, in order to develop a company's goal attainment model through successful organizational innovation, it is necessary to provide training and training to strengthen the flexibility of the organization and the capacity of the employees in the basic decision-making process. It is necessary to improve the innovation program. Third, in order to expand the relationship between CEO leadership and organizational innovation, it is necessary to minimize the control and to encourage new innovation through organizational empathy. The limitation of this study is that the research scope of the CEO leadership is limited by the relationship between CEO leadership and organizational innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the CEO leadership relationship in terms of organizational and corporate performance.

This study was conducted to classify the types of cabin crew images for airlines in Korea and foreign country using Q-methodology. 29 Q-statements were sampled from previous researches and in-depth interviews with the professors who work in the department of airline service at university. These Q-statements were sorted by 30 P-samples who have air travel experience. The results showed that 2 types of cabin crew images are classified for both airlines in Korea and foreign country. The first type of cabin crew images for airlines in Korea was “friendly and cheerful looks” and the other one was “polite and considerate attitudes”. Next the first type of Cabin Crew Images for foreign airlines was “polite and considerate attitudes” and the second one was “tall and physical strength”. According to the results of this study the type of “polite and considerate attitudes" was mutually perceived both airlines in Korea and foreign country. On the other hand the significant differences between two kinds of airlines found in the subjective structure of cabin crew images. And practical implications and future research directions were also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to identify the structural relationship between residents’perceptions of the trust of the government, the potential tourism benefits and costs, and the support for tourism development of the urban regeneration project in Jeju City. The results of the study show that residents’perception of the trust of the government had a significant impact on perceived benefits, perceived costs, and support for the development. In addition, the perceived benefits had a significant impact on the support for tourism development but the perceived costs did not significantly affect on the support for the development. This study implies that the participation and cooperation of local residents is necessary for the success of local tourism development projects, and it is important for the local government to demonstrate benefits of the development projects and build trust with local residents. Therefore, this study suggests that it is necessary for the local government to establish a sustainable tourism management strategy at the government level on how to inform the potential tourism benefits to local residents and how to attract and continue the participation and cooperation of local residents.

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Job Characteristics, Job Attitudes and Job Performance. The Self-Communication method was adopted to collect the data during October 2018. Unusable date was eliminated, and final 219 usable responses were obtained for an empirical analysis. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were measured by using SPSS 18.0, respectively. It was found as follows: First, regarding the relationship between Job Characteristics and Job Attitude, those of Task variety, Task autonomy positively affect Job Satisfaction. Those of Task autonomy and Task significance positively affect Affective commitment. Second, regarding the relationship between Job Characteristics and Job performance, Those of Task identity, Task autonomy and Task variety positively affect Job performance. Third, regarding the relationship between Job Attitude and Job performance, Those of Job satisfaction and Affective commitment positively affect ob performance. This result of study have shown that managing Job Characteristic of employee is a source of management result in travel agents. This study suggests operational and theoretical implications on the aspects of human resource management and development for travel agent employee.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of visiting demand between first-visitors and re-visitors, to compare between Chinese and Japanese features using Tobit and Heckman's two-step, and to decompose the consumption effect and market participation effect. The research is essential to understand the characteristics of Inbound Tourists for strategic promotion. The dependent variables are the number of visiting and visit status. Independent variables are purposes, info, activities, co-current status, types. number of co-current, length, and day expenditure. The data is conducted by Korea Culture and Tourism Research Institute on the outlook of foreign tourists in 2016. The study used Tobit and Heckman's two-step Model for analyzing. Chinese and Japanese tourists has common: the older women, the more they visit Korea. They tend to travel less people and less length, prefer Independent Tourism than package program. On the other hand, Chinese tend to spend more money than Japanese. Decompsition result shows Chinese tourists tend to be more extempore than Japanese tourists. The model is close to tendency model rather than demand model because data does not set a particular period on the survey

With the development of ICT, the business environment of enterprises is changing from manufacturing to service market using intangible assets. In particular, it is more important for foodservice companies to use intangible assets expense such as business know - how rather than legal intangible assets. In this situation, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of intangible asset investment on the performance of foodservice companies. First, the average value of the measured variables appears to be positive overall, indicating that the companies management situation is not problematic. Second, there are 5 measurement variables related to management performance. It is possible to improve management performance through menu development and publicity, and the increase of tangible assets means that it can improve management performance by expanding facilities. The use of intangible asset expense rather than the intangible assets corresponding to the legal rights held by the foodservice companies can contribute to enhancing the management performance of the companies.

The purpose of this study is to find out how middle-aged women’s leisure experience contribute to their leisure satisfaction and family resilience, by executing structural equation modeling (SEM) and confirming the significance of its structure. To achieve the purpose of this study, 337 middle-aged women who lived in Daegu & Gyeongbuk and Busan & Gyeongnam were analyzed. The survey period spanned from August 2017 to October of the same year. The results of data analysis are as follows: First, it was confirmed that middle-aged women’s leisure experience had significant positive (+) effects on leisure satisfaction, showing that the higher the leisure experience, the higher the leisure satisfaction. Second, it was found that middle-aged women’s leisure satisfaction had significant positive (+) effects on their family resilience. Third, it was found that middle-aged women’s leisure satisfaction had significant positive (+) effects on their quality of life. Lastly, it was found that middle-aged women’s family resilience had significant positive (+) effects on their quality of life. As an additional analysis, the indirect effects of leisure satisfaction exerted on the quality of life through family resilience were analyzed, and were found to be statistically significant. The results of this study will contribute to theoretical progress, in that it attempted to explore the relationship between middle-aged women’s family resilience and quality of life through empirical research. Therefore, the results of this study will have value as grounded theory that can be applied to the strengthening of family capabilities to overcome conflicts and crisis among family members, establish family resources, and effectively cope with stress.

The purpose of this study is to examine Korean cruise tourism research published in Journals listed in the Korea Citation Index(KCI) for the period of 1996~2018. Eighty nine full articles were selected for contents analysis. This study look at research topics and research design such as objectives related to subject area, sampling methods, data collection, statistical techniques and methodological aspects. Significant trends in research topics were identified and discussed to raise issues for future research. Cruise-related research were published in academic journals in the field of tourism, and the increase in related research has been noticeable since 2012. The themes of research are overwhelming related to marketing and tourism behavior, and the bias and unbalance of research is striking. Quantitative research was mainly conducted in the field of research methodology. Readers could gain insights into past research and ideas for future research from the study. The study concluded with limitations of this study and general suggestions for future cruise tourism research in Korea.

This study is on the effects of local traditional food on urban brand value and leisure satisfaction. The significance of this study can be found in the aspect that there have been few researches on how local traditional food tourism, which leading to leisure activities, affects urban brand value and satisfaction although there have been a lot of studies on functional aspects such as local traditional food development. Also, it would be a necessary research to achieve successful goals in the tourism marketing environment of local governments which are fiercely competitive to promote the revitalization of regional economy. As the results of this study, all factors of local traditional food did not importantly affect the image of brand value, whereas the attraction, health orientation, and natural stability of local traditional food gave a significant impact on the recognition of brand value and where as the health orientation crucially influenced the perceived quality of brand value. Moreover, the attraction and health orientation of local traditional food of Jeonju city had an impact on leisure satisfaction. For the enhancement of urban brand value, this study will be crucially applied in clearly understanding the characteristics of local traditional food and in connecting with marketing since local traditional food has become more important as the motivation to determine the destination of tourism due to the development of the media and the convenient transportation network.

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between Slow City perception, brand image and loyalty as a brand of tourism destination. In other words, empirically verify how Slow City brand perception affects brand image and loyalty. To achieve the goal of the study, total of 700 surveys were distributed to the online survey(350) and field survey(350). The data was analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 version program. As a result, Slow City brand image was classified ‘functional image’, ‘emotional image’, and ‘regional image’. Slow City brand perception had partial effect on brand image. Slow City brand image and brand perception had effect on Slow City loyalty. The factors that affected the most were emotional image, regional image and functional image. The results of this study are expected to help verify the effectiveness of the Slow City brand and present practical and specific marketing measures for tourism resource development, policy establishment and marketing strategies in the future.

This study investigated constructs and mechanisms of tourist experience that lead to self-reliance for social tourism service beneficiaries focusing on battered immigrant women. To achieve the research objective, a immigrant women’s protection agency, which is operated by the government and has tour programs in a regular basis, was selected. I (as a researcher) participated a tour program, which is operated by the agency, and observed the battered immigrant women. After the tour, 13th of in-depth interview were conducted. The results obtained from the field research were as follows: In order to get tourism status of immigrant women’s protection agencies, a survey was conducted with 17 agencies. The survey showed one-day tour programs were conducted with a frequency of 1 to 7, and one-night or more tour programs were conducted with a frequency of 0 to 3 times. The research participants of this research take part in the one-day tour seven times a year and one-night or more tour twice a year. The research results found that tourism experience influences healing and self-reliance, but the impacts may vary depending on their individual characteristics. All participants experienced ‘healing’ through the tourism program but some of them experienced ‘self-reflection’ and ‘new resolution.’

This study intends to analyze the cooperative network densities and structures of social economy organizations in the field of culture and tourism. For this purpose, this study adopts the methodology of social network analysis focused on enrolled 15 social economy organizations in Chuncheon city and chooses eight cooperative network actions; information exchange, business negotiation, building network, products exchange, human exchange, regular meeting, networking market channels, and managing joint projects. The main results of this study show that the cooperative network densities of social economy organizations in the field of culture and tourism are very low with under 5% and main cooperative network structures are complex Y type and small star type. This study suggests that the systemic and effective cooperative networks of social economy organizations in the field of culture and tourism are needed for their sustainable management and community contribution.

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effects of casino employees’ work environment consisting of the external factor (hygiene) on work satisfaction and customer orientation. Based on the literature review, this study provided five external factors (i.e., salary, welfare, social perception, working condition, and work hours) suggested by Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory. In this survey, the data collected from a survey of 175 employees in the P casino was analyzed. The study results showed: 1) there the significant relationship between casino employees’ work environment and work satisfaction; and 2) there were statistically significant influences of casino employees’ work environment on customer orientation. Also, the present study identified that employees’ work environment has a significant effect on work satisfaction, which in turn influences, customer orientation. Therefore, in the field of the casino industry, employees’ work environment should be deal with the crucial influence improving the firm’s profit and relating to customer orientation.

Food consuming culture has been changed due to globalization, expansion of international trade, increase of migrants, growth of tourism industry, and lifestyle that changes with convenience. This phenomenon stimulated the desire of consumers to seek new taste and experience and increased the interest of other countries in food, contribution to the spread of ethnic restaurants. The authenticity of the ethnic restaurant, which means the authenticity of the cultural aspect to customers who visit to experience the uniqueness of culture, has a powerful influence on the perceived values and behavioral intentions of customers with a unique and new dining experience. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among cultural experiences, and the authenticity of ethnic restaurants, and confirm the relationship among authenticity of ethnic restaurants, consumer perceptions and attitudes. To verify the study tasks and hypotheses established a survey was performed to adults over 20 who had experience in visiting ethnic restaurants for the last six months. From data collected, demographic characteristics were drawn through frequency analysis. To examine validity and reliability among the measuring items factor analysis was done, and reliability was verified through internal consistency. As a result, it was analyzed that the cultural experience had a significant effect on the authenticity of the ethnic restaurant, and the authenticity of the ethnic restaurant influenced the likability. It was confirmed that likability also affect the behavioral intension. Through additional information from these results on authenticity of ethnic restaurant that considers cultural experience, it is expected that this study will be useful material for understanding ethnic restaurant’s customers and communicating with customers.

The post-80’s generation known as ‘bālínghòu’ have been benefited from the expansion of higher education, as the product of the one child policy. Therefore, the market has to change its marketing method in order to meet the times. This trend is also expected to continue for next some time, and hotel industry needs to develop competitiveness by applying marketing methods tailored to the needs of ‘bālínghòu’. The purpose of this paper is to explore the lifestyle of the post-80’s generation in China. This paper also identify the structural relationship between selection attributes of hotel and customer loyalty. To achieve objectives of this study, total 350 survey questionnaires were distributed and 330 copies were analyzed as the final excluding 15 that answered insincerely. The results of the study show that the reputation of hotel and quality of service should be improved in order to increase loyalty from customers who are born after 1980’s.

In the modern age, women 's status increases, women' s participation in the economy and women 's role in the family are taking place. The role of family members and changes in mutual influence are changing as a very important influential variable in family tourism decision making. The roles of men and women, which are heightened by changes in the times, are changing rapidly in consumer life. In general, males showed more positive and positive attitudes than females, and couple was identified as a major social factor in the digital divide, and the perception, acceptance, and utilization of technology would be different depending on couple. Social change, social system, culture, lifestyle, and so on are changing and affecting society as a whole. In addition, companies are trying to attract the customers by attracting customers in various ways in order to take priority in the competition, but there is no research for women in the festival yet. In this study, the festival selection attributes according to couples were studied on the 'Soonman Reed Festival,' which is running a festival program for couples in Korea to study the satisfaction of participants. The Suncheonman Reed Festival was organized in a variety of programs for couples and families as a whole. The theme of the 19th Suncheon Bay Reed Festival was 'The Sky, Wind and Reed'. The rehearsal concert, the morning tour, the moonlit night tour, An exhibition of objects, and a night of reed lovers. From this year, Dawn tours and night tours were held for the first time to enjoy the beautiful nature of Suncheon Bay. The reed lover's night program, especially for couples, was a program that sparked the hearts of young couples. It was held from 17:30 to 20:30 on the second day of the festival. After the "Reed Concert" To provide an opportunity to tour the Suncheon Bay at night. As a result of this study, it would be possible to improve the satisfaction of festival participants by analyzing and satisfying participants' tastes and desires according to festival couple rather than the whole program which does not consider couple.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Organization Socialization Strategies, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance of Local Airline Industry. For the purpose of study, 220 survey questionnaires were distributed among the employees who are working for local airline industry from 4th Mar, 2019 to 27th Mar, 2019. Due to the reliability of data, 7 samples were discarded and 213 samples were put to actual analysis. In order to accomplish the purpose of the study, the researcher conducted and analyzed by using SPSS Ver. 21.0 statistics package. The results of the study are as follows. First, the organization socialization strategies had significant effects on job satisfaction. Second, the organization socialization strategies had significant effects on organizational commitment. Third, the organization socialization strategies had significant effects on job performance. Lastly, the job satisfaction and organizational commitment had significant affect on job performance. This study shows that the establishment of the organization socialization strategies suitable for the new flow is very important for the development of local airline industry.

A Study on the influence of online tourism information for leisure activities on tourism satisfaction and continuous usage intention. There are 2 hypotheses based on online tourism information, tourism satisfaction and continuous usage intention. Then we tested the data from questionnaires using SPSS 22.0. the data were collected for a month from February 27 to April 25. First, according to analysed result, five out of six as affective facts of the online tourism information influenced on The tourism satisfaction. Lastly, one out of one as affective facts of the tourism satisfaction influenced on continuous usage intention. As the result of this study, online media and channels providing tourist information are increasing day by day, and information can be easily received from online search systems. The provision of this information may also involve learning knowledge or culture that we have not known before, but some of the harmful tourism information may also cause damage to money and time, damage, or cause no positive impact on tourism destinations. Realistic aspects and detailed information of tourist destinations should be updated to ensure that tourists are correctly provided with online tourism information to form trust. And a system that emphasizes the reliability side should be established so that the domestic tourism industry can be revitalized and, furthermore, have a positive impact in other areas. In order to attract positive future action, it is necessary to grasp what the desire of the tourists who change from time to time and to lead the tourism activities with trendy tourism products and contents through the accessibility of information. Therefore, it is necessary to induce the continued use of revisiting or online tourism information, a positive future action in the future, through tourist satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of perceived risk on risk reduction strategy in the hotel business. Especially, this study focuses on risk reduction strategy vary depending on the type of perceived risk. And this study examines whether there is a difference in purchase intention by the interaction effects of perceived risk and risk reduction strategy. This researcher set up hypothesis referring to theoretical backgrounds and conducted a questionnaire for customers who have looked for hotel information. The findings are as follows. The first, perceived risk generally has a positive effect on the risk reduction strategy. The second, depending on the type of perceived risk, consumers choose other risk reduction strategy. Financial and physical risks have a positive effect on risk reduction strategies, such as seeking information directly and seeking purchasing experience. The time loss risk has a positive effect on the risk reduction strategy of pursuing low prices. And psychosocial risk has a positive effect on the risk reduction strategies, such as seeking higher prices or lower prices. The third, the main effects of risk reduction strategy on purchase intention are all significant. Also the main effects of perceived risk on purchase intention are significant except financial risk. And the interaction effects of perceived risk and risk reduction strategy on purchase intention are statistically significant except the interaction of physical risk and risk reduction strategy. These results suggest that it is useful to analyze the consumer's perceived risk and risk reduction strategy. And hotel companies will be able to develop more effective marketing strategies on the basis of this empirical results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of mobile consumption behaviors according to consumption value types of university students and to distribute 250 questionnaires to college students from November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2018, SPSS Win 23.0 was used for analysis of 219 copies of data except for the fraudulent and inconsistent questionnaires (41 copies). First, frequency analysis was conducted to examine demographic characteristics, and the validity and reliability analysis of consumption value and consumption behavior were conducted. And cluster analysis was conducted on the consumption value and discriminant analysis was carried out in order to secure the validity of cluster analysis. In order to verify the hypothesis, cluster of consumption value type derived from cluster analysis is set as independent variable, and multidimensional analysis (MANOVA) is conducted to set the dimension derived from mobile consumption behavior as dependent variable and to identify significant difference Respectively. As a result, there were statistically significant differences in the factors of mobile consumption behaviors among the three clusters. As a practical implication, university students form cultural consensus and freely express their thoughts and values about politics, economy, social culture, and reference group. Consumption value formed in this university life can be useful for marketing strategy in market segmentation. In addition, the type of consumption that is formed is especially significant in that it predicts the potential demand of the future in that it continues even when it becomes a member of society.

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between hotel and Korean buffet restaurants in terms of menu and facilities of buffet restaurants. In order to provide practical implications for companies operating buffet restaurants, And to derive items that can lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction using the merits of the theory and TIMko customer satisfaction coefficient analysis method. As a result of the research, it is important for the hotel to maintain the cleanliness of the toilet and to secure the parking space. In order to prevent the lack of cleanliness of the toilet and the bathroom of the toilet, check frequently and cleanliness should be avoided. There is a need. In the Kano model, the nutritionally balanced food of the hotel, the diversity of the food and the indifference of the hotel, the cleanliness of the dishes and the menu design of the menu were classified as attractive quality factors in the customer satisfaction coefficient, It is possible to know that expectations for various foods have increased through various information. Nutritionally balanced food was reclassified from indifference quality factor to attractive quality factor in Korean food, suggesting that customers can feel more satisfied than expected that healthy food is served by using Korean - style buffet restaurant.