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This study examined the mediating role of customer relationship stress of hotel employees in the perceived customer badness behavior-customer orientation relationship, 338 employees in Seoul participated in the survey. The test results were as follows: First, among sub-factors of customer badness behavior, physical behavior(lower credibility type) and disruptive type had significant positive effects on customer relationship stress. Second, customer relationship stress was found to have a significant negative effect on customer orientation. Third, in the relationship between physical behavior(lower credibility type) and customer orientation, customer relationship stress appeared to play a part of mediation. The result suggests that physical behavior(lower credibility type) has an indirect effect on customer orientation through customer relationship stress, and a direct effect on customer orientation. However, in the relationship between the destructive type and the customer orientation, the destructive type did not have a significant negative effect on the customer orientation, so the customer relationship stress did not play a role as a parameter. The reason for this is that the damage to the facilities or the taking of the hotel items are caused by the low frequency of occurrence because these are actions that may require monetary compensation.

As the competition in the aviation service market is fierce, the importance of airline brands is being emphasized as the product is facing limitations in differentiating only by the physical characteristics of the product. Therefore, in this study, unlike the quantitative research methods for measuring airline brand personality, the text mining analyzes voluntary reviews of consumers related to airline brand, which are unstructured text data. In addition, we identified the differences between the brand personality dimensions, metrics and airline brand personality quantitative studies presented by Aaker (1997). As a result, airline brand personality dimensions was followed by Sincerity (2.487, 74.77%), Excitement (357, 10.73%), Sophistication (254, 7.64%), Ruggedness (140, 4.21%), Competence (88, 2.65%). In addition, Honest (2.078), Spirited (309), Smooth (252), Tough (136), and Reliable (35) showed high frequency facets of brand personality. In airline brand personality traits, good (1.696), friendly (392), new (210), still (104), hard (68), and positive (21) were identified as the most used words. Next, we compared Aaker (1997) analyzed the variance explained of the brand personality dimension with the actual frequency of use of the airline brand personality dimension. In particular, sincerity among the five dimensions was 74.77%, showing the highest frequency of use.

This study aims to identify the impact of Airline brand personality on brand self-identification on brand attitude, and also to determine whether Airline brand personality affects brand attitudes by means of self-identification. For the purposes of these studies, a total of 299 effective samples were obtained and analyzed for job seekers wishing to work for airlines and the data analysis method was used in SPSS 23.0 after data coding. The study found that first, among the factors behind the airline brand personality, the ability and strength have been shown to affect personal identification, and sophistication, ability and strength affect social identification. Second, personal and social identifications have been shown to affect brand attitudes. Third, Self-identification is in the role of partial mediation on the relationship between sophistication, ability, strength among the factors of brand personality and brand attitude, both personal identification and social identification.

The recent emergence and growth of LCC airlines is an important reason behind the change in travel patterns, and among them, the university students have the potential as an important target market for LCC. The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship between LCC prior knowledge, selection attributes and behavioral intention of University students. To achieve the goal of the study, total of 216 surveys were distributed to the field survey. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 version program. As a result, Economic prices were found to be the most important of university students' LCC selection attributes. And LCC selection attributes were classified ‘aircraft operation factor’, ‘in-flight factor’, ‘service factor’, ‘image factor’ and ‘price factor’. Prior knowledge and Behavioral intention were tied up with one factor. LCC selection attributes had effect on behavioral intention(‘aircraft operation factor’, ‘service factor’, ‘image factor’ and ‘price factor’) of university students. LCC prior knowledge had effect on behavioral intention of university students. In the future, the results of this study are expected to help LCC airlines to help develop practical and specific product and marketing strategies based on understanding the consumer decision-making process.

This study selected duty-free shop workers for research considering recent fast growth of domestic duty-free industry, and aimed to verify the causal relationship between emotional intelligence and resilience in duty-free shop workers. The survey was conducted on employees working at local duty-free shops in South Korea, and 302 responses from them were used to withdraw possible effect of emotional intelligence on resilience. The results are as follows. First, the four factors of emotional intelligence were verified from factor analysis. Among them, 'other's emotion appraisal,' 'regulation of emotion,' and "use of emotion' appeared to have a positive effect on their 'resilience,' while 'self-emotion application' has no significant effect on it. Second, the 'emotional intelligence' of duty-free shop workers does not have a significant effect on 'optimism', a sub-factor of 'resilience'. Third, among the 'emotional intelligence' of duty-free shop workers, 'regulation of emotion' does not have a noticeable impact on 'resilience.' The results of this study would give a helpful implication to duty-free shop managements for the efficient management of human resources.

In 1992, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea officially established Chinese-South Korean tourism ties. Chinese tourists account for the largest proportion of international inbound tourists to South Korea. Trends and changes in the tourism market were tracked by utilizing data on the number of mutual inbound tourists visiting South Korea and China each year. The most significant change occurred in 2016, when a political incident caused disruption to the tourism industry and, consequently, the South Korean tourism industry suffered economic losses. I consider this change a consequence of a shift in ‘political mutual trust’, which I define in this paper. The influence of this incident on the tourism industries of both countries is compared by utilizing the Tourism Background Curve Method (TBCM). TBCM is a method used to study the effects of factors that have acted as unexpected variables in tourism. Through this study, I would like to present the prospects for tourism exchange between South Korea and China, discuss measures for minimizing the negative impacts that exogenous events such as political incidences may have on the tourism industry, and offer suggestions for future research and attention.

This study is about the effect of organizational culture and metacognition on self-efficiency according to the hotel's organizational integration strategy. Three main hypotheses are based on organizational integration strategies, organizational culture, metacognition, and self-efficiency. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPS WIN Ver2.22.0 statistical package program after the questionnaire was collected, and the survey was conducted for one month from October 25 to November 25, 2019. The analysis of the Hypothesis 1 showed that the hotel’s organizational integration strategy (communication, social support, empowerment and job security) was partially adopted by the organizational culture (hierarchy culture, rational culture, consensus culture, development culture). The hypothesis 2, organizational culture (hierarchical culture, rational culture, consensus culture, and development culture) was partially adopted for metacognition. The hypothesis 3, the metacognition was adopted for self-efficiency. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that providing empowerment to the members of the organization and social support to management or practitioners (immediate superior) will result in a positive outcome for reaching the ultimate goal desired by each hotel company. Second, if we emphasize profit creation of efficiency and productivity rather than emphasis on hierarchy and approval process, reveal the purpose of our work performance, and create competition, we can create a more active hotel company's organizational culture. In addition, Building a smooth cultural system through smooth cooperation between departments and team members can lead to a new willingness and innovative thinking. Third, the metacognition will soon be an important task of learning experience and methods, and will be the foundation for flexible work. This metacognition will eventually create a strong sense of self-efficiency among members of the organization, and they will be able to respond confidently when in trouble. As a result, the customers who visit the hotels that have distinct advantages and hotel workers performing their duties with active attitude will makes happy memories.

University life adaptation is a factor which can predict from the graduation to the adulthood adaptation, and the successful college life is very important in the social aspect as well as the personal aspect. The students who want to enter the department related to the airline service seem to constantly increase as the students who want to work for the airlines continue to increase. Accordingly, this study was to investigate the necessary factors for successful employment and college life adaptation to the students majoring in the airline service. Based on such research findings, the career exploration had a positive effect on all sub-factors of college life adaptation. In addition, this study has found out that the career decision had a positive effect on all sub-factors except the social adaptation. However, this study has shown that the problem-solving did not influence all sub-factors of college life adaptation. And, the student-faculty interaction was mediated in the effects of career decision-making on the college life adaptation. To conclude, this researcher considers it as it needs to develop a program to improve the career decision-making self-efficacy for the successful college life adaptation, and as it needs to maintain the emotional sense of connectedness in that the teachers guide the students. In particular, the lower the grade is, the lower the college life adaptation is. Accordingly, the management is much needed with great interest.

This study aims to explore the effect of tourism experience on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty and examine the moderating effect of the past visiting experiences on this relationship. The study results indicated that tourism experiences influenced both tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Among tourism experience factors, refreshment had the strongest impacts on destination loyalty as well as tourist satisfaction. Tourists’ prior visiting experiences moderated the influence of tourism experience on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. The more tourists have experiences the more satisfied from tourism experience at the destination and the more experiences they have at the destination, the more likely they pursue the knowledgeable and distinctive experiences at the destination. Based on these findings, the study suggested several practical implications for the destination marketers who plan to provide meaningful tourism experiences with the visitors to their destinations.

The purpose of this study, the estimated of results the variables affecting the visit demand of the Danyang Ondal Culture Festival using the Travel Cost Method (TCM). In order to purpose the research goal, the study conducted the survey in the venue of the festival and selected the research subjects at random sampleing. If you look at the results of the study, are presented as having relatively more tourists close to women and married visits. In addition, among the four factors that constitute the festival service quality, two factors are influenced by visit demand positive (+) and visitors to Danyang Ondal Culture Festival showed a positive effect on visit demand satisfaction in relation to the event contents and amenities. The economic benefit of tourists visiting the Danyang Ondal Culture Festival is estimated to be 157,978 won. In conclusion, In this study the Danyang Ondal Culture Festival was approached as a value of socio-economic and presented as such, implications for the socio-economic value of the local festival to be gained through the feasibility.

Employees play a very important role in hotel enterprises and this signifies that they make very high contributions to the business outcome as well. Precedent studies were conducted from a perspective that securing customers is related to job rotation, organizational effectiveness, and service quality. Based on precedent studies, this study selected employees of domestic hotel enterprises as research subject. First, it was identified that job rotation makes a partial positive effect on organizational effectiveness. Secondly, it was verified that job rotation makes a partial positive effect on a relationship between organizational effectiveness and service quality as well. According to the result of analyzing the objectives of this study, indiscreet job rotation can lead to turnover intention, and provided new implications for hotel management because it can make effect on service quality that customers would receive. Also, contributions to this study and limitation of this study were mentioned and suggested a future research direction based on the findings. s to verify a relationship between job rotation, organizational effectiveness , and service quality. To this end, this study prepared a questionnaire based on precedent studies and selected and collected questionnaire from 285 managers and employees of five-star hotels in Busan Metropolitan City from Feb 11 to Mar 31, 2019. Under the objectives of this study, an analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0 Windows Program and the results are as follows.

미국의 위스콘신주와 미네소타주는 북부지방의 추운 날씨를 견뎌낼 수 있는 포도품종 개발로 와이너리 관광이라는 새로운 사업을 개척할 수 있었다. 그렇지만 다른 지방의 지명도 높은 와이너리 업체들과 비교하면, 아직 초기단계 발전에 불과하기 때 문에 지속적 방문객 유치를 도모하기 위한 차별적인 전략 개발이 요구된다. 특히 기존 와이너리 방문객들의 특징을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 와이너리 방문객 들을 대상으로 와인 관련 라이프 스타일 (와인관련 소비 행동 및 관여도), 와이너리에 서의 경험 (만족도 및 관광활동), 그리고 인구통계학적 요인들을 기준으로 와이너리 방문객들의 프로파일링 작업을 수행하였다. 자료 수집은 와이너리 방문객들의 이메일 을 활용한 온라인 설문조사법을 이용하였다. 군진분석을 진행하였으며 총 3개의 집단 이 (와인 애호가, 관심자, 초심자) 도출되었다. 또한 와이너리에서의 소비활동 및 충성 도는 서로 간 상이한 결과를 보여 주었다. 결론적으로 본 연구는, 와이너리 운영자의 표적시장에 대한 이해가 가장 중요한 선결 과제임을 제언하고 있다.

This paper examined the relationship between the visual design of tourism website and tourist behavioral intention based on the Hierarchy of Effects Model(HOE). Specifically, the study analyzed the relationship between the website visual design as an external stimulus and tourist awareness, the relationship between tourist awareness and attitude, and finally the relationship of tourist attitude and behavioral intention using structural equation modeling. The study took the famous tourist destination site Shandong Province(China) as example, totally 607 questionnaires were collected and finally 522 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results showed the positive relationship between the website visual design and the tourist awareness of the website, the tourist awareness and attitude, and also tourist attitude and behavioral intention. However, the visual design did not have a significant impact on the destination awareness. The conclusion emphasized the importance of the visual design of tourism website, specifically, when constructing tourism website, it is necessary to pay attention to the elements of each stage in the hierarchy of effects model.

A Study on the Influence of Corporate Image on Corporate Reputation According to The Hotel enterprise’s Corporate Social Responsibility. There are 3 hypotheses based on Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Image and Corporate Reputation. Then we tested the data from questionnaires using SPSS 22.0. the data were collected for a month from November 10 to December 15. First, according to analysed result, Eight out of Twelve as affective facts of Corporate Social Responsibility influenced on Corporate Image. Second, Three out of Three as affective facts of Corporate Image influenced on Corporate Reputation. Lastly, Three out of Four as affective facts of Corporate Social Responsibility influenced on Corporate Reputation. As the result of this study, In the 2020s, hotel enterprise are expected to take the lead in environmental issues that are better than now. Customers expect the differentiated sustainable products of hotel companies, activities that contribute to the development of the national and regional economies, and individual responsibility activities that utilize characteristics of hotel companies through transparent management and various programs and operations for win-win cooperation with business partners. To emerge as a representative hotel company in Korea, if it becomes a company that provides credibility by realizing program products that reflect consumer trends and implementing more authentic services to customers, it will be able to plant an image of itself as a hotel company for customers without having to pay a lot of advertising and marketing expenses. It is not expected that customers will feel any activity on the environmental responsibility of the hotel company yet, but only those companies that move ahead in areas related to the environment are expected to survive. Therefore, We hope to become a Republic of Korea that takes the lead in the era of superhumanity beyond the eco-friendly image of hotel companies by actively engaging in responsible activities that are consistent with the national environmental policy and considering the environment of eco-friendly products, eco-friendly design, image and organization.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the personality traits of hotel firms on job satisfaction and turnover intention and to investigate improvement points. The subjects of this study were 210 employees of hotel company, As a result, personality traits were negatively related to turnover in affinity, sincerity, extroversion, and openness except for neuroticism. In the case of job satisfaction, except for neuroticism, affinity, sincerity, extroversion, and openness were statistically correlated. The results of this statistical analysis show that there is a close correlation between the variables of this study. Based on these findings, I hope that many future researches will be made that will affect job turnover and job satisfaction in addition to the character of the boss in the hotel business. Since hotel organization is a group of members with different characteristics, there is a need to grasp the characteristics of various employees first. This is because the personality traits of hotel workers can affect organizational variables. Also, the personality characteristics of the hotel company and the personality of the employees should be in harmony with each other so that the hotel will be maintained and managed well. The most effective way to achieve the ultimate goals and create added value is to strengthen the job satisfaction of the employees and to improve the satisfaction of the employees through the improvement of the unsatisfactory and decrease the turnover rate will be.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of convention center’ servicescape on exhibition attendees' satisfaction and behavior intention. Accordingly, a total of 282 valid samples were collected from participants of the event held in Suwon Convention Center and analyzed using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the convention center’ servicescape factor(accessibility, pleasantness, aesthetics, convenience, cleanliness) has a positive effect on customers' satisfaction. Second, the convention center’ servicescape factor(accessibility, pleasantness, aesthetics, cleanliness) has a positive effect on behavior intention. Third, the more satisfaction the customers can perceive, the higher rises the behavior intention. Therefore, the results of this study will be useful in enhancing customer satisfaction and improving revisit through management of servicescape factors. Based on the results of this study, it provides practical implications for the operation strategy of the convention center servicescape.

The purpose of this study is to propose marketing strategies in the food service industry to maintain long-term relationships with customers through the acceptance of ICT-based services by food service corporation. In addition, logical theory was established to enhance brand image and purchasing intent by forming a friendly attitude of consumers toward ICT-based services. The research method of this study was based on a survey of consumers in their 20s or older who have visited large food service corporation(fast food restaurants) that provide ICT-based services based on a convenient sample extraction method. The survey was conducted using the Google Online questionnaire, using 259 data registered from 1 October 2019 to 30 October 2019. Based on the data results, frequency analysis, confirmed factor analysis, and correlation analysis were performed. The result on analysis of hypotheses were as follows. In hypothesis 1, the ICT-based service acceptance factors have had a positive (+) influence on brand image. In hypothesis 2, the brand image has had a positive (+) influence on purchasing intention. In hypothesis 3, the ICT-based service acceptance factors have had a partially positive (+) impact on the purchasing intention by using the brand image as a medium. This study results suggest theoretical and practical implications on the acceptance of ICT-based services in food service corporation.

This study aimed to empirically analyze and establish the relations of perceived Organizational Citizenship Behavior, service quality, and revisit intention of Chinese hotel restaurant customers. To achieve the objectives of the study effectively, both literary and empirical research methods were conducted. Theoretical examination of perceived organized civic action, service quality and revisit through literature research was conducted, and empirical research methods were implemented based on the results of the literature study. In addition, the statistical processing of the collected data used SPSS 22.0 and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed to verify the hypothesis. This study conducted a survey targeting the users of a deluxe hotel restaurant located in Shanghai, and the results of analyzing the collected data are as follows. First, in the results of analyzing the relation between perceived Organizational Citizenship Behavior and service quality, the perceived Organizational Citizenship Behavior had significantly effects on the service quality. Second, Second, in the results of analyzing the relation between service quality and revisit intention, the service quality had significantly effects on the revisit intention, Third, in the results of analyzing the relation between perceived Organizational Citizenship Behavior and revisit intention, the perceived Organizational Citizenship Behavior had significantly effects on the revisit intention. Through the study of research subjects, we should establish marketing strategies to maximize the interests of hotel companies and customers as well as effective customer management, and We want to use it as data to enhance the competitiveness of hotel companies and get important implications for human resource management.

The spatial scope of this study was the Hanok Village in Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, and the time span was 233 parts for tourists who participated in the festival during the Jeonju Bibimbap Festival in 2019 and performed a reliability analysis and analysis using SPS 20.0, a social science statistical analysis program, in the analysis of data affecting the emotional response and loyalty of the festival. First, the selection attributes of local festivals did not have a significant effect on emotional responses. The festival is influenced by modern trends along with tourism. Second, it was analyzed that the selection attribute of local festivals had only a significant influence on cultural exchange between return visit intention and recommendation intention, and not on non-routine and experience. This is because the Jeonju Bibimbap Festival has a basic background of local culture and history, and tourists who visit the festival recognize this. Third, human service quality had a significant influence on both emotional response and reliability. In order to increase the emotional response of tourists who visited the festival, it is necessary to improve the human service of the festival, that is, service mind for volunteers. Fourth, it was analyzed that human service quality was significant for loyalty. In order to increase the loyalty of the tourists, it is necessary to improve the quality of human services, which will be helpful to the tourists. Finally, emotional responses were analyzed to be significant for loyalty. The emotional response and loyalty of tourists who visited the festival are closely related.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural relationship of between organizational culture of 5-star hotel and knowledge sharing, absorptive capacity and service innovative behavior. Using IBM SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 24.0 program for analysis, the results from this empirical study with 475 samples of hotel employees in South Korea show that H1:organizational culture on knowledge sharing is adopt, H2:organizational culture on absorptive capacity is adopt, H3:organizational culture on service innovative behavior on adopt, H4:knowledge sharing on absorptive capacity is adopt, H5 knowledge sharing on service innovative behavior is adopt, H6:absorptive capacity on service innovative behavior is adopt, and H7:knowledge sharing and absorptive capacity have partially mediating effect of the relationship between organizational culture and service innovative behavior. Research and practical implications include the following. The relationship between OC and SIB has academical significance according to the partially sequential mediating effect of KS and AC. Employees should be able to make effective use of trust, autonomy, transparency in decision making, and mutual advice within departments.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among Social media marketing, brand image and purchase intention. To perform this study, total 218 questionnaire were distributed to customers who had experienced Social media of travel agent dated from August 1th to September 20th. Unworkable data were excluded, 201 usable responses were obtained for an empirical analysis. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were measured by using JAMOVI program accordingly. For the study structure, social media marketing was divided with accuracy, richness, usefulness, timeliness. Brand image and purchase intention were a single factor. The result has shown as follows: Hypothesis 1, among social media marketing, all factors have a positive effect on brand image. Hypothesis 2, among social media marketing, both usefulness and timeliness have a positive effect on purchase intention. Hypothesis 3, brand image has a positive effect on purchase intention. Hypothesis 4, among social media marketing, both usefulness and timeliness have a positive effect on purchase intention by mediating brand image. This study result has found that managing social media marketing is a source of competitive marketing advantage in travel agent business. This study suggests operational and theoretical implications on the aspects of social median marketing and brand image management in travel industry.