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The objective of this research is to grasp empirically what effect of temporary employee’s relative deprivation on occupational identity, and to grasp what effect of it on customer orientation. The result of empirical analysis was the following. First, when they perceive high cognitive deprivation, they had low empathy of occupational identity. Second, when they perceive highly cognitive deprivation and behavioral intention deprivation, their personal-occupation has been increased. Third, when they perceive highly cognitive deprivation and behavioral intention deprivation, their sense of unity has been increased. Fourth, when they perceive occupational identity high, their happiness of customer orientation has been increased. Therefore, hotel company should make effort to reinforce occupational identity. And the company needs to give support for forming a community for them to share opinion and information and establish their belief and goal, and satisfy their intellectual desire. Also, the company needs to develop a program that let satisfy their needs equating sense of belonging, cohesiveness, goal and value, and improve their emotional unity such as familiarity.

This study was undertaken in the context of the increase in food service and the importance of understanding consumers’ preferences in terms of food involvement in the food service sector. Therefore, this study is was to identify differences in attributes of take-out menus and the consumer’s level of food involvement. Based on previous studies, this study adopted five key attributes of take-out menus: price, taste of food, convenience, and nutrition, and food involvement as the extent to which people enjoy talking about food, entertain thoughts about food during the day, and engage in food-related activities. Valid responses were collected from 192 consumers who had used take-out food, and they were approached on the streets around shopping malls and restaurants. Although this study found no significant differences between the level of food involvement and price, convenience, or health, it did find differences between the level of food involvement and speed and taste. Findings contribute to advancing knowledge about consumers’ preferences in terms of involvement in the take-out food service sector.

The purpose of this study was to identify how emotional labor(surface acting and deep acting) affected counterproductive work behavior(organizational moral disengagement and personnel moral disengagement) and turnover intention, and how social support(supervisor support and peer support) had moderator roles on the social support between emotional labor and counterproductive work behavior. To achieve these purposes, the data were collected from questionnaires distributed to employees of 5-star hotels of Seoul, Gyeongju, Busan , Daegu and Jeju using convenience sampling method. 250 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 241 questionnaires were used for the research. The research findings were as follows. The significant relationships between surface acting and personnel moral disengagement, deep acting and organizational moral disengagement are supported. Our study shows a non-significant relationship between surface acting and organizational moral disengagement, and deep acting and personnel moral disengagement. Hotel supervisor and peer support had moderating roles on the causal relationship between emotional labor and counterproductive work behavior of organizational moral disengagement and personnel moral disengagement.

An organization is formed by groups of individuals with various interests, and the limited positions and resources of the organization force its members to engage in political behaviors, such as competitions, conflicts, and negotiations. If a political situation occurs between members or teams due to school ties or personal connections, it could influence organizational attitude and behavior of the members. This study aimed to explore the relationships among the perceptions of organizational politics, organization silence and turnover intention of the airline flight attendants. In addition, it tries to find out the mediating effects that organization silence has contributed to perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intention. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed and 273 valid and complete questionnaires were collected for empirical data analysis. The result of this study shows that perceptions of organizational politics have a great effect on organization silence and turnover intention. And it has been found that the organization silence is a mediating effect between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intention. The results of this research shows that for competitive advantage under the competitive environment of the airline, in addition to human resource management and organizational management, the management system which emphasizes the importance of perceived of organizational politics and organization silence among company members should be built.

In this study examined relativity of chinese tourist’s consumption and collection rout of travel information source also pointed direction of marketing strategy to increase operational domestic tourism income. With data analysis, Chinese tourist prefer to visit korea individually than group travelling. most of this 2 segment tourists decide occasion of their travelling before 1 month from their arrival days. ‘Leisure, Entertainment, Holiday’ reported main purpose of their visit, however, individual tourist has more variety purpose of visit than group tourist. Regarding on collection rout of travel information, 66.8% respondents quoted through ‘Internet’and ‘Relatives, Friend and Collegiality. The difference of consumption of this 2 group, individual tourist shows more high spend amount with $2,292, $1,796 for group tourist. indicated difference of t-value, between these 2 groups. Indicated highest cost of consume from information collector through “Mass media(television, radio, paper, magazine)” average with $ 2,559.11, slightly rower amount average with $2,197 from Individual tourist, the group that has been collect their tour information through internet.

This study examined the effects of relational characteristics between airlines and travel agencies(TAs) on their long-term relationship orientation, assessing the mediating role of trust and the moderating role of reputation. The data collected was analyzed utilizing SPSS 22.0 to identify the role of trust as a mediator and that of reputation as a moderator. The results from data analysis shows that communication has a positive influence on long-term relationship and it is moderated by reputation and partially mediated by trust. Dependency was also turned out to have a positive relationship with long-term relationship and trust plays a mediating role between the variables. Yet opportunistic behavior has a negative relationship with long-term relationship. Based on the research result, implications to enhance the long-term relationship orientation between airlines and travel agencies were discussed.

Price discrimination is widely adopted by service sectors for the purpose of attracting market segments with different price sensitivity, yet underlying this price strategy is a caveat that customers' price fairness perception may decrease as a result. This study investigated the impact of service price discrimination methods and price differences on customers' perception of price fairness and their cognitive and behavioral consequences. The results show a strong evidence that price discrimination based on customer groups significantly lowers customers' perception of price fairness in comparison with price discrimination based on purchase time or purchase quantity. This study also found that the price difference range is also an important preceding variable of price fairness perception. Consumers' price fairness perception determines the level of cognitive and affective corporate trust, which in turn significantly influences consumers' repurchase intention.

Effective interpersonal communication during service encounters has a definite impact on maintaining a good relationship between the service employee and the customer. There has been considerable research on the effect of interpersonal communication of service employees on customer perception. However, not much research on the effect of interpersonal communication on service employees. According to an communication perspective, both customers and employees are influenced by interpersonal communication. The study examined the relationship among interpersonal communication, job satisfaction, and customer orientation of service employees. Using a survey created for the study the three hypotheses are tested using a sample of hotel service employees in Korea. Interpersonal communication was found to be relate positively to job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was found to be relate positively to customer orientation. Interpersonal communication was found to be relate positively to customer orientation. In addition, job satisfaction was found to mediate the influence of interpersonal communication on customer orientation. Conclusions are then presented followed by theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.

Human service as an inimitable intangible asset has been valued against thebackdrop of swiftly changing service market and increasing corporate competition. In this context, studies on organizational socialization strategies of hotel enterprises characterized by a high dependency on human service are necessary but not sufficient. The present study investigated noting a paucity of relevant literature. To that end, this study theoretically reviewed relevant variables and considered the concepts and components of an independent variable, Then, based on previous studies, hypotheses and a study model were derived to verify the inter-relationships between. For an empirical study, a questionnaire survey concerning the foregoing variables and their components was conducted. The questionnaire was formulated based on a preliminary study. Hotel employees were surveyed from August 3rd to 30th, 2015. First, hotel banquet employees' organizational socialization strategies exerted partially significant effects on organizational socialization. Second, hotel banquet employees' organizational socialization strategies had partially significant effects on organizational effectiveness. Third, hotel banquet employees' organizational socialization had partially significant effects on organizational effectiveness. The variables derived in this study are likely to serve as efficient data for maximizing of hotel enterprises relying heavily on human resources via employees' organizational socialization and organizational effectiveness, and as theoretical reference data for relevant further studies.

This paper investigates how do cross-cultural and tourist experience of Chinese tourist impact on authenticity and tourist satisfaction.Questionnaire had carry out targeting Chinese tourists in the world cultural heritage of Korea tour destinations for this study. The questionnaire survey was from Sept 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015 and totally 500 copies had distributed. 470 copies were collected back. Remove invalid questionnaires 450 copies were performed using in this study.Data collected through the survey was processed through data coding, followed by analysis on frequency Analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability analysis for SPSS 20.0 for Windows. Using AMOS 20.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and Structural equation model analysis.Base on the analysis it is suggested that, firstly, concerning the appropriateness of the model, analysis results were=560.012(df=188, p<0.001), GFI=0.906, AGFI=0.873, RMR=0.030, NFI=0.926, TLI=0.938, CFI=0.949, RMSEA=0.065, Normed (/df)=2.929. This meant that the model had sufficient validity when comparing with indices used as general evaluation standards. Secondly, Cross-Cultural Awareness has a positive impact on objective, constructive, and existential authenticity. Thirdly, Tourist experience has a positive impact on existential authenticity, objective authenticity and constructive authenticity. Fourthly, Existential authenticity, Objective authenticity and constructive authenticity has a positive impact on tourist satisfaction.

This study was to identify the effect of flight crew's job embeddedness on organizational commitment and job performance by using structural equation modeling. Through convenience sampling method of non-probability sampling method, total 300 surveys were distributed to airline flight crew. After removing 29 surveys which had insufficient answers, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation model, and mediating analysis were used for real analysis. The results of this research is presented as follows: Firstly, sacrifice of job embeddedness had an influence on organizational commitment positively. but, suitability and relationship of job embeddedness did not influenced on organizational commitment. Secondly, sacrifice of job embeddedness did not influence on Job performance. However, suitability and relationship of job embeddedness had significant influence on job performance. Thirdly, organizational commitment had significant influenced on job performance positively. Finally, organizational commitment had mediating effect among job embeddedness and job performance significantly. Therefore, based on these practical results, the airline organization need to make positive and constructive atmosphere that can increase crew’s job embeddedness.

This study is to investigate the influence of operational factors(menu, employee, physical environment, service process) and loyalty in hotel restaurant. This study is to examine the moderating role of subjective well-being between operational factors and loyalty. As a result, operational factors significantly influenced loyalty. Subjective well-being plays the moderating role between operational factors and loyalty. Positive affect had a positive(+) effect through an interactive effect with the factor of physical environment. Negative affect had a negative(-) effect through an interactive effect with the factor of the menu. In addition, it was found that negative affect had a negative(-) effect through an interactive effect with the factor of employee. In the meantime, it was found that negative affect had a positive(+) effect through an interactive effect with the factor of service process. Positive affect had a negative(-) effect through an interactive effect with the factor of the menu.

In this study, a new evaluation method of tourism policy has been developed by analysing existing evaluation models established and used by domestic local government. The purpose of this study is to develop indicators for Tourism Policy Evaluation. From literature review and Focus Group Interview, indicators were identified and verified. Five indicators were identified as a result of the literature review and Focus Group Interview : Tourism Organization and Personal Management, Tourist Satisfaction, Tourism Infra, Leadership of Public Official in a local government. and local citizenry. Nine factors were identified as a result of expert surveys : Tourism Organization and Personal Management, Tourist Satisfaction1(Software), Tourist Satisfaction2(Hardware), Tourism Infrastructure 1(dynamic), Tourism Infrastr -ucture 2(static), Tourism Infrastructure 3(local festivals), local citizenry1(public interest), local citizenry 2(profitability). and Leadership of Public Official in a local government.