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In this study, consumer satisfaction was divided into cognitive responses before purchase and emotional evaluation after purchase, and this study focused on college students in their 20s. The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of expectation fulfillment of consumer satisfaction on convenience store PB food, the relationship between consumption emotion, trust, and repurchase intention. In addition, the effect of consumption satisfaction and repurchase intention was verified as a mediating effect of trust. For the empirical analysis of this study, four universities located in Daejeon Metropolitan City were selected and visited and mailed for four days from October 14 to 18, 2019 to collect 300 copies. A total of 275 samples were used for empirical analysis, except for 25 parts, which were not statistically usable. Hypothesis 1, Consumption related emotion of consumer satisfaction had a positive effect on trust. Hypothesis 2, Consumption related emotion of consumption satisfaction had a positive effect on repurchase intention. Hypothesis 3, Trust had a positive effect on repurchase intentions. Hypothesis 4, consumption related emotions of consumption satisfaction had a positive effect on repurchase intention through mediation of trust. As a result, it is necessary to have a competitive edge with a differentiated strategy from the existing brands so that the convenience of PB products owned by the convenience store can increase the high quality and low cost-performance ratio and lead to satisfaction and repurchase.

The purpose of the deemed input tax for agenda purchase is tax policy and economic policy, but the current policy can be regarded as an economic policy called tax reduction for small businesses. Accordingly, it can be considered that it is important to check how to recognize these systems and reflect them in policy making in a situation where businesses handling duty-free agricultural products benefit the most. Therefore, this study grasped the degree of understanding of the company operators experienced by tax representatives. First, the majority of businesses recognized by tax accountant are aware of the deduction exceptions and consider the deduction rate appropriate. In view of the fact that this system is a tax cut, it can be said that it needs to be maintained continuously. Second, it is judged that the deduction limit is not appropriate with a low overall understanding of the deduction limit. This can be seen as a result of difficulty in calculation and application of different deduction rates depending on the type of industry and company. Overall, the understanding of the deduction rate was high, but the understanding of the deduction limit was low. Nevertheless, it is necessary to actively utilize the agenda for the tax deduction for agenda, as it has a high nature of economic policy for small businesses.

This study aims at investigating relationship among Job insecurity of travel agent’s employee, job stress and turnover intention. To perform this study, total 300 questionnaire were distributed to employee who have been working in travel industry from November 1th to November 30th. Unworkable data were excluded, 277 usable responses were obtained for an empirical analysis. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis were measured by using SPSS 18.0 accordingly. SEM was conducted to test the validity of the proposed model and the hypotheses by using AMOS 18.0. For the study structure, Job insecurity was divided with powerlessness and possibilities of job loss. Job stress and turnover intention were a single factor. The result has shown as follows: First, regarding the relationship between job insecurity and job stress, both of powerlessness and possibilities of job loss positively affect on job stress. Second, regarding the relationship between jon insecurity and turnover intention, only for job loss positively affect on turnover intention. Third, relationship between job stress and turnover intention, job stress positively affect on turnover intention. Fourth, relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention by mediating job stress, both of powerlessness and possibilities of job loss positively affect on turnover intention. This results of study have shown that Job security management of employee is a source of management results in travel industry. This study suggests operational and theoretical implications on the aspects of human resource management and development for travel agent employee.

Among the sales channels of package travel agencies, the home shopping channel has become the most important sales channel. However, research on the home shopping channel is not sufficient. Therefore, this study derives significant factors for consumers who enjoy traveling through TV home shopping travel products. Also, it suggests theoretical and practical implications to provide meaningful information for travel agencies’ staff in planning TV home shopping package tour products. In frequency analysis to identify the general characteristics of the sample, of the 254 consumers, 105 (41.3%) were male and 104(58.7%) were female. In terms of age, it showed that 24 were 20s(9.4%), 60 were 30s(23.6%), 57 were 40s(22.4%), 57 were 50s(22.4%), 56 were 60s above(22.0%). this study acquires significance for that it detailed and systematized TV home shopping package travel products, immersive viewing, and purchase intention, and also it analyzed effects relations among them. this study derived the effects of components of TV home shopping package travel products on immersive viewing and purchase intention, so it provides meaningful information for future TV home shopping product planning. As this study has drawn implications about analysis results such as study design, setting up hypotheses, and hypotheses test based on advanced research, it is considered to provide meaningful information for future research.

The needs of participants visiting local festivals are becoming very diverse, and local festivals should also reflect tourism trends and market changes, so it is important to grasp the opinions of tourists who choose festivals. Therefore, this study sought to identify differences in importance and satisfaction with the nature of festival selection among participants in local specialties festivals. IPA analysis was conducted, and 17 of the 25 questions of the optional attributes were found to be more satisfied than important. Factors requiring intensive improvement and investment due to low satisfaction compared to their importance were identified as the quality of specialties, things to enjoy at the festival location, toilets, and parking facilities. Three of the top five items of importance (ease of finding the location, convenient transportation, easy access) were found to be related to transportation, while the bottom five items of satisfaction were related to the purchase of amenities and specialties at the festival location. Recently, local festivals have only been expanding in numbers, imitating some successful festivals uniformly, as similar festivals have been repeated rather than differentiated ones that show regional identity and representation due to fierce competition. Based on the research results, the necessity of selecting the festival location and setting and guiding the route, quality of the special products, contents related to the special products, storytelling and entertainment elements were presented to vitalize the local festival and improve awareness.

In this study, we investigated the differences in the relationship benefits according to the frequent flyer program of airlines. The relationship between relationship benefits and immersion was identified.In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire was conducted for airlines’ passengers with boarding experience in the last two years. A total of 402 questionnaires were distributed, and 386 samples were analyzed using SPSS for Window Version 21.0.The results of regression analysis between variables for hypothesis testing are as follows. First, according to the frequent flyer program, the verification for differences in relationship benefits, consisted of one main hypothesis. As a result of the analysis, depending on whether or not to join the frequent flyer program, the psychological benefit was more recognized than the non-subscription. Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of relationship benefits on immersion, all three factors which are social, economic, and psychological benefit, had significant influence on emotional immersion. Economic and psychological benefits were found to have a significant effect on computational immersion.

Owing to the importance of culture and the positive results, recently, there have been more and more researches on the cultural marketing, and most of them are related to places through culture. Most of the domestic researches are handling the positive effectiveness of cultural marketing on companies. Examining the preceding researches on service companies, even though there are some researches on coffee shop, food service industry, airline, travel agency, and casino, there are not many researches on hotel company which is one of the representative service companies. This study aims to understand the effects of hotel corporate cultural marketing perceived by hotel customers on the corporate image and brand attitude. For this, selecting the people who had experiences in using a hotel as a sample group, this study conducted a survey from September 1st 2019 to September 30th 2019. After distributing total 280 questionnaires, total 276 questionnaires were collected. Excluding 26 questionnaires with omitted or insincere responses that were judged to be unsuitable for this study from the collected data, total 250 questionnaires were used for the empirical analysis. The verification of the research model was done through statistical analysis using SPSS 21.0. Factors, reliability and regression analysis were conducted based on the survey data. The following is a detailed description of the contents. First, according to the regression analysis results of Hypothesis 1, the test of the relationship of cultural marketing's impact on the corporate image showed that the factors of cultural marketing were cultural promotion (p= .000) and cultural enterprise (p= .002) in order to influence the corporate image. In addition, cultural support and cultural production of cultural marketing had a significant impact on corporate image. Therefore, hypothesis 1 of this study was partially adopted. Second, according to the regression analysis results in Hypothesis 2, the relationship of cultural marketing's impact on brand attitude was tested and found that the factors of cultural marketing were cultural promotion (p= .000) and cultural enterprises (p= .003) which were the factors of cultural marketing, which had an effect of positive brand attitude. In addition, cultural support and cultural production of cultural marketing had no significant impact on brand attitude. Therefore, Hypothesis 2 of this study has been subselected.

The purpose of this study is to understand on the effects of cultural tourism experience factors on regional image and place attachment. The study is based on previous research, this study conducted tourists who visited or experienced for cultural tourism in Suwon. And the relationship establishment based on previous studies was verified and identified. Based on the results, To introduce the overall flow of cultural tourism, it was targeted at tourists who have experienced cultural tourism in Suwon-si. First, Suwon-si has a variety of historical and cultural resources, so it is necessary to lay the groundwork to advance in the tourism field through continuous tourism products with experiences and experiences to build a positive image. Second, it appears that local image through cultural tourism experience affects the attachment of the place, so it is considered that the regional image that captures the hearts of tourists should be established. Third, tourists who visit Suwon-si and experience cultural tourism are thought to show a general attachment to the place. However, the needs and needs of modern people are changing rapidly and diversely at this moment. It is necessary to establish a system and establish a foundation for the cultural tourism field that can lead the smart tourism industry based on the 4th industrial revolution and the construction of big data that can respond quickly.

In this study, placeness of the multiplex cultural space utilizing unused space is analyzed. To this end, some factors that affect formation of the placeness of the multiplex cultural space is identified. Then it is investigated that how the placeness formation factors affect the value of the place felt by visitors through their place attachment. In addition, it is analyzed that how these factors affect customers' revisit intention to the place. It is identified that there are three factors, physical, behavioral and meaningful factor affecting formation of the placeness of the multiplex cultural space. It is also turned out that the value of the place consisted of two components, functional and emotional value. Analysis result shows that two of the three placement formation factors, behavioral and meaningful factors, affect visitors’ perception of the place value through the place attachment while the physical factor affect it directly. Finally, it turns out that consumers' perception of the place values have a positive effect on their revisit intention to the place. Results of this study can be used to establish effective strategies and useful guidance for unused space based multiplex cultural space development.

The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the impact of organizational culture types recognized by members of food service franchise companies on organizational commitment and customer orientation; examine the effect of organizational commitment on customer orientation; and present practical implications and directions for improving the competitiveness of such companies. To achieve the purpose of the study, 314 members of the organization serving various domestic food service franchise companies were surveyed and an empirical analysis was conducted using the statistical program SPSS 25.0 for Windows. The results confirmed the following: First, clan culture, market culture, and adhocracy culture have a positive effect on organizational commitment, while hierarchy culture has negative effects on the organizational culture of food service franchise companies. Second, adhocracy culture and clan culture have a positive effect on customer orientation among the organizational cultures of food service franchise companies. Third, the organizational commitment of the members of food service franchise companies has a positive effect on customer orientation. The results of this study can help managers of food service franchise companies to recognize the importance of organizational culture and the need to identify and establish an organizational culture that maximizes the organizational commitment and customer orientation of its members.

This study tested whether tourism attractiveness affects local image. Samples were taken using convenience sampling. The survey was conducted on residents in Iksan city and 190 copies were used for analysis. The data analysis used the SPSS statistical program, tested reliability based on the Cronbach α value, and conducted a factorial analysis to test feasibility. The hypothesis was tested by performing a regression analysis and identified the importance of each subcomponent. As a result of the test, cultural experience, rural experience, and recreational activities among the components of tourism attractiveness were analyzed to affect the emotional image. And tourism prices, hospitality, shopping, natural tourism and cultural relics have been shown to affect the cognitive image. These results can provide the following implications. First, local governments in medium and small cities will be able to maximize the dual effects of economic development and improvement of local image by creatively utilizing the scattered tourism resources of the region. Second, local governments will need to implement emotional and cognitive image strategies differently rather than implementing uniform image strategies. Third, it will be necessary to develop and strengthen factors such as empirical elements and emotional fulfillment through activities in order to strengthen the emotional image. Fourth, it will be necessary to improve the cognitive image through the management of tourism prices, improvement of facilities in distribution and markets, the creation of conditions for purchasing specialties and agricultural products, and the friendly movement of local residents.

This study is about the effect of service quality of integrated resort on the customer satisfaction and the customer delight. Three main hypotheses are based on service quality, the customer satisfaction, the customer delight. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPS WIN Ver2.22.0 statistical package program after the questionnaire was collected and the survey was conducted for one month from May 3 to June 1, 2020. First, according to the analysis results, three of the five factors in the quality of service at the integrated resort affected customer satisfaction. Second, one of the one factors in customer satisfaction affected customer delight. Finally, four of the five factors influenced customer delight as influential facts about the quality of service in integrated resort. As the result of this study, In the future, we will have to develop a strategy that will allow our customers to feel more comfortable, feel more reliable and respond to their expectations through more sincere and attentive services. A comprehensive strategy is needed to help customers who want to experience this through differentiated service quality through programs and courses that utilize diverse resources and regional characteristics that are unique to a integrated resort that can lead to customer satisfaction. In the future, advanced cases of service quality that affect customers' emotions will be experienced and acquired, and strategies will be needed to continuously improve the differentiated service quality of the integrated resort. Therefore, we expect that domestic integrated resorts will emerge as Korea's representative killer contents.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of hierarchical organizational culture of food service company on organizational silence and semi-productive task behavior. In order to achieve this purpose, hierarchical organizational culture was composed of authority culture and formal culture, organizational silence was composed of defensive silence and acquiescent silence, and counterproductive work behavior consisted of a single factor. The survey was conducted from December 2nd to December 31st, 2019 at 24:00 pm for employees of food service companies, including hotels located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon, and finally 277 copies were used for empirical analysis. The results of the hypothesis are as follows: Hypothesis 1 Hierarchical organizational culture has been shown to have a positive effect on organizational silence. Hypothesis 2 Hierarchical organizational culture has been shown to have positive effects on counterproductive work behavior. Hypothesis 3 Organizational silence has been shown to have positive effects on counterproductive work behavior. The results of this study presented a new organizational theory and produced practical implications for human resource management in food service companies.

The purpose of this study is to identify the structural relationship between creative ability, entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, and career preparation behavior in food & culinary arts students. For collecting the data, this study distributed 400 questionnaires to food service majors from March 24, 2019 to March 31, 2019. Total of 400 questionnaires were returned and the researcher removed 79 questionnaires that could not be used statistically (same answers, omission of questions/answers). As a result, total of 322 questionnaires were used for an empirical analysis. In this study, SPSS 18.0 Package and AMOS 18.0 were used for analyzing the statistics. The study results were as follows. First, the result for hypothesis 1 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on entrepreneurship” was adopted. Second, the result for hypothesis 2 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on self-efficacy” was adopted. Third, the result for hypothesis 3 on “Creative ability would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was rejected. Fourth, the result for hypothesis 4 on “Entrepreneurship would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was rejected. Fifth, the result for hypothesis 5 on “Self-efficacy would have positive (+) influence on career preparation behavior” was adopted. The results made academic contribution on generalization of social cognitive career theory and career development theory while suggesting practical implications on education and career for food service majors.

A Study on the Influence of MTE on Relationship persistence intent According to Cultural Art Tourism Experience Quality. There are 3 hypotheses based on Experience Quality, MTE and Relationship Persistence Intent. Then we tested the data from questionnaires using SPSS 22.0. the data were collected for a month from April 20 to May 20. First, according to analysed result, Second out of Third as affective facts of Experience Quality influenced on MTE. Second, one out of one as affective facts of MTE influenced on Relationship Persistence Intent. Lastly, Three out of Three as affective facts of Experience Quality influenced on Relationship Persistence Intent. As the result of this study, If the experience builds up, tourists will lose their fun elements about Iksan-si Culture Art Tourism, which could negatively affect later results. It is necessary to discover and plan culture arts tourism in Iksan-si, which is sustainable, practicable, impressive and differentiated, and to promote and inform tourists. Newtro-style tourism, which can only be experienced in Iksan-si, should be developed to build an image by highlighting the speciality and differentiation of cultural and artistic tourism in Iksan-si. In addition, measures should be taken to maximize the aesthetic function of the exterior in the surrounding environment and places where tourists tour, so that the stay period can be extended. In order to maintain relations with the city through culture art tourism, various tourism projects, including festival events and street events, should be created to create a strong image of Iksan-si. And it is necessary to discover differentiated tourist attractions or places and up-cycling them so that they can be talked about. Therefore, Within the world, Iksan-si should be reborn as a city of advanced culture art tourism with representative tourist cities and unique programs alive.

The purpose of this study is understanding the effects of hotel kitchen department head's leadership style on chef's affirmative involvement and providing effective human resources management data of hotel restaurant kitchen organization by examining the moderating effects of chef's personality type (A type / B type) in leadership style and affirmative involvement relationship. The targets of this study were 391 chefs who worked for 1 year and longer at a five-star hotel in Seoul and questionnaire survey was conducted in February 2020. First, hotel kitchen department head's leadership styles had been classified based on the theory of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and servant leadership and all three leadership styles have been found to have significant influence on affirmative involvement. Second, the moderating effects of personality type in the influencing relationship between hotel kitchen department head's leadership style and chef's affirmative involvement have been found as the following. Transformational leadership and servant leadership have influence on affirmative involvement of both personality types and transactional leadership has been found to influence the affirmative involvement of B personality type. As a result of verifying the moderating effects of personality type, the moderating effects of personality type have been found to play the role of meaningful moderating variable in the influencing relationship between leadership style and affirmative involvement

It is essential for Airline Service Department to educate students and give a guide line to its students enough to develop their own career in the airline service field. Recognizing the importance of Self-Leadership, Problem Solving Ability in order to enforce Career Preparation Behavior of students, this study planes to examine the relationship among Self-leadership, Problem Solving Ability, and Career Preparation Behavior. For the sake of enhancing Career Preparation Behavior, this study undertook a theoretical approach followed by a statistical analysis. The self-Communication method was adopted to collect the data during January in 2020. The valid survey of 320 students majoring in Airline Service was selected and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 program. The results of findings were as follows: First, both Behavior-focused strategies and Constructive thought pattern strategies of Self-leadership shows significant effects on Problem Solving Ability. Secondly, only Natural reward strategies of Self-Leadership shows a significant effects on Career Preparation Behavior. Thirdly, Problem Solving Ability doesn't show any direct effects on Career Preparation Behavior. However, Problem Solving Ability plays mediation effects between Self-Leadership and Career Preparation Behavior. It is required to adapt appropriate tools such as their self-leadership program, problem solving activities and consulting activities in order to enhance Career Preparation Behavior.

The purpose of this study was to present a model of how the Air Self Service Technology affects the behavioral intentions of non-users, and to clarify the relationship between these factors. The time range of the study was set as the base year in 2019. The target range was general adults over 20 years of age who have experienced overseas tourism within the past 2 years. The place range was limited to passengers who have never used air SST at the at Incheon International Airport first and second terminal. In the questionnaire survey, a questionnaire survey was conducted using a self - filling questionnaire by a survey company. A total of 260 copies were distributed and retrieved. A total of 244 questionnaires were used, except for 16 questionnaires with low response rates and unresponsive responses. The empirical analysis was analyzed using the SPSS WIN Ver 22.0 statistical package program after the questionaaire was collected. A total of 4 hypotheses and 6 sub-hypotheses were set to achieve the purpose of this study. As a result of the hypothesis test, 10 out of 10 hypotheses were adopted, and the relevance of aviation self service technology to the influence on the intention of the non-users’ behavior was verified. In this study, we analyzed the attitude and some behaviors in air SST non-users, and there are limitations as follows, it is judged that there are limitations on the sample because the questionnaire is conducted for passengers who use the first and second Incheon International Airport. It is considered that research should be conducted not only at Incheon International Airport but also at other airports where SST is displayed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social support and job characteristics on food service company employees on work-life balance and the moderating effect of work hours on the work-life balance. To conduct the research, 300 questionnaires were distributed over 10 days from February 01, 2020 to February 10, 2020, to employees of food service companies located in Gyeonggi area. A total of 287 responses were obtained, excluding 13 infeasible data. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, and moderating effect were performed using the SPSS statistical program. As a result of the analysis, Hypothesis 1, peer support and family support in social support had a positive effect on work-life balance. Hypothesis 2, job autonomy and job diversity of job characteristics had a positive effect on work-life balance. Hypothesis 3 has a moderating effect as social support affects work-life balance according to working hours. Hypothesis 4 had a moderating effect as job autonomy of job characteristics affects work-life balance according to working hours. However, family support and job diversity were not statistically influential, so there was no moderation effect. As a result, working hours proved to be an important control variable, and employees should be provided with job autonomy and job diversity to improve the quality of work, and the interest and help of peer support and family support help balance work-life balance.

This study derives more practical implications for establishing an efficient marketing strategy for the traditional liquor industry by verifying the mediating effect of the lifestyle between traditional liquor property attributes and purchase intention. We analyzed 382 adults in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Busan, Daejeon, Gwangju, and Ulsan. Second, the social pursuit lifestyle plays a mediating role between the internal, the external selection attribute and the purchase intention. The gourmet pursuit lifestyle plays a mediating role between internal factors and purchase intentions, but external factors do not. The implications of the research results, effective marketing strategy must be implemented to understand and maximize of buying behavior for traditional liquor. Also, by developing content suitable for lifestyle and grafting it into marketing, it shows logically that it is important for consumers to have a positive attitude toward traditional liquor.

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship of hotel cook's employability, personal creativity and career commitment. The results of the study were as follows: First, employability had a significant positive effect on individual creativity. Second, employability had a significant positive effect on career commitment. Third, personal creativity had a significant positive effect on career commitment. Hotel companies have to provide various opportunities for education and training at different stages of experience as well as ensure the stability of the chef's job and employment environment. In addition to menu development and cooking, this should include educational opportunities to develop managerial skills. However, since employability refers to the perception of the ability to leave one's organization and to be employed by another organization, it is necessary to ensure that the chef's ability and creativity can lead to job performance, as well as stable job performance, through various benefits and fair performance compensation to avoid leading to turnover intention

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structure relation of mobile travel application characteristics, trust, attitude, intention of reuse. Data collection was conducted from 2019 December 1 to 2020 January 31. A total of 500 of the on-line questionnaires were distributed and 450 were used statistical analysis. To verify the proposed research hypothesis using AMOS 23.0. The result of this study as follows. First, informational availability, convenience, entertainment, security of mobile travel application characteristics showed significant effects on mobile travel application trust. Also informational availability, convenience, security of mobile travel application characteristics showed significant effects on mobile travel application attitude. Second, convenience of mobile travel application characteristics showed significant only effects on mobile travel application intention of reuse. Third, trust of mobile travel application showed significant effects on attitude and intention of reuse. Also, attitude of mobile travel application showed significant effects on intention of reuse. Fourth, trust and attitude of mobile travel application have a mediation effect. Based on the results of this statistical analysis, the marketing implications were provided to the mobile travel application manager.

The objective of this study is to suggest the direction of career development that positively affects individuals and organizations through understanding the relationship between informal learning, learning agility, career adaptability, and proactive career behavior of hotel workers. Furthermore, we want to check whether learning agility and career adaptation play a mediating role in the relationship between informal learning and proactive career behavior. To verify the study, a mobile survey was conducted for 2 weeks from May 2 to May 16, 2020, with 350 domestic hotel employees. A total of 300 participants participated in the questionnaire, and the final 297 copies of the questionnaire responses were used for analysis, excluding unfaithful responses. As a result of analysis, first, informal learning had a positive effect on proactive career behavior, learning agility, and career adaptability. Second, learning agility and career adaptation have a mediating effect in relation to informal learning and proactive career behavior.

Social media tourism information is changing the way tourists plan and book, how they share information. Daily information exploration through social media is a contributing factor to new tourism motivation. This study investigated the impact of social media's information characteristics on tourism motivation. To this end, social media information characteristics are classified into information providers, information types, and information characteristics, and structures affecting pull-push motivation are analyzed according to tourism motivation theory. 157 data were collected through online and offline surveys, and the results of the analysis revealed that different motives were affected by the nature of the sources, and that the type of information and the nature of the information had a different effect on tourism motives. These results are valuable as a basic study that understand the impact of social media tourism information, which can have a substantial and policy marketing impact on the role of future websites or social media.

The cabin crew performs their duties in a special environment called an aircraft. The cabin crew is responsible for the safety of passengers and various tasks, and they are often exposed to a lot of fatigue. Therefore, this study examines how fatigue of cabin crew affects job satisfaction and empirical research is conducted on whether the cabin crew's safety consciousness acts as a medium between fatigue and job satisfaction. As a result of these studies, the purpose is to present basic data that can reduce fatigue of cabin crew and promote job satisfaction and safety awareness. The results of the study are as follows. First, the physiological fatigue of the cabin crew was shown to affect the welfare satisfaction with a positive sign and a negative effect on the company's satisfaction. Second, physiological fatigue of cabin crew affects safety consciousness with positive effect, and minor fatigue affects safety behavior with positive effect. Third, a sense of safety plays a role in the relationship between physiological fatigue and welfare satisfaction of cabin crew and company satisfaction. Also, in the relationship between minor fatigue and welfare satisfaction, safety actions were found to play a role as a medium. Based on the above findings, airline organizations need to come up with various measures to relieve the fatigue of cabin crews.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the subjectivity of University students who have experienced part-time jobs in coffee shop on dysfunctional customer behavior. To achieve that, 27 Q-statements extracted from the 59 Q-populations through literature reviews and interviews with the managers of coffee shop were classified by the P-samples of 31 University students. Then the classified data were analyzed using the Ken-Q analysis program. The results showed that two groups with differentiated perceptions—‘physical injury and verbal violence’ type and ‘sexual remarks and attempts of physical contact’ type. The statements that the first type most agree with dysfunctional customer behavior were ‘to injure the employee's face or body' and ‘to insult the employee’. Those belonging to the second type selected ‘to give sexual jokes to employees' and ‘to intentionally attempt physical contact' with the most serious behavior. The findings will be used as basic data for coffee shop management strategy and employee protection.

Hygiene·sanitation requirement is the industry standard for most service industry including hotel industry. In recent years, however, there have been a lot of reports about the critical violation of hotels’ hygiene·sanitation issues, and this has made hotels’ hygiene·sanitation efforts become more and more important and noticeable. This study aims to investigate how hotels’ efforts for hygiene·sanitation affect customers’ satisfaction on the hotels with empirical analysis on the data gathered by on-line data collection method. The underlying dimensions of hotels’ hygiene/sanitation were delineated as personal hygiene of employee, food hygiene, and internal/external hygiene environment. Multiple regression analysis shows that food hygiene and internal/external environmental hygiene of hotels have positive influences on customer satisfaction, whereas personal hygiene of employees does not have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Next, the hotel class was examined to determine its moderating role in the relationship between hotel's hygiene/sanitation factors and customer satisfaction, and only the effect of internal/external environmental hygiene on customer satisfaction showed a significant moderating effect. The results of this study would provide insights to hotel managers for their focussing on important hygiene·sanitation factors in constructing hotels with more clean environment.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the physical environment of bakery cafes affects customer satisfaction, customer value and revisit intention. In the research structure, the physical environment was divided into atmosphere / space layout / decoration and art. Customer satisfaction, customer value and intention to revisit were one factor. The results are as follows: It has a positive effect on customer satisfaction in order of hypothesis 1, atmosphere and space layout among physical environment factors. Among hypothesis 2 and physical environmental factors, mood and space layout have a positive effect on customer value in order. Hypothesis 3, customer satisfaction have a positive effect on customer value. Hypothesis 4, among physical environmental factors, atmosphere and spatial layout have a positive effect on the revisit intention. Hypothesis 5, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on the revisit intention. Hypothesis 6, customer value will have a positive effect on the revisit Intention. The study found that the physical environment of bakery cafes is a source of customer satisfaction, customer value and intention to revisit. This study contributed to the development of bakery cafes for practical implications and academic use.

The purpose of this study was to classify the causes of negative publicity by airlines and examine how they affect brand attitude and brand hate. In particular, the cause of the negative publicity of the airline was divided into the airline's owner and the cabin crew, and based on the actual case, the news scenario was manipulated to conduct this study. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that the more the cause of the airline's negative publicity was perceived as owner, the negative effect on brand attitude and the positive effect on brand hate. In addition, it was found that the cause of the negative publicity of airlines was perceived as an cabin crew, which influenced brand attitude, but did not have a statistically significant effect on brand hate. In conclusion, as a result of examining the relationship between the negative publicity of airlines and brand attitudes, brand hate by categorizing the causes of negative publicity, the empirical research shows that negative publicity by airline’s owner has a serious impact on brand attitude and brand hate. In addition, the research concept of brand hate is applied to the aviation industry to show academic implications.

The purpose of this study was intended to identify the effect of the quality of e-Learning on user satisfaction and training near transfer in airline service major students. In order to achieve the results, 210 survey questionnaires were distributed from 6th May, 2020 to 19th May, 2020. Due to the reliability of data, 7 samples were discarded and 203 samples were put to actual analysis. Further results were produced by the researcher through conducting and analyzing via SPSS Ver. 21.0 statistics package. The results of the study are as follows. First, the quality of e-Learning which consists of system quality and service quality had significant effects on user satisfaction. Secondly, user satisfaction had significant effects on training near transfer. Thirdly, the quality of e-Learning which consists of system quality and service quality had significant effects on training near transfer. This study shows that In a new environment where everyone must perform e-learning, we must make every effort to improve e-learning quality to create continuous learning outcomes.