Earticle

The purpose of this study were to examine relationship between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice by measuring elementary school students' emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice, and to present a method of inspiring elementary school students' environmental consciousness and a direction of environmental education in elementary schools. To achieve the above purposes of this study, theories and literature on emotional quotient and environmental education were considered. In addition, a questionnaire sheet was drawn up to measure emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and the degree of practice. A total of 250 questionnaire sheets were distributed to sixth graders at six rural schools in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheonnam-do and an urban school in Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do. Of these, valid questionnaire sheets were collected from 128 sixth graders in the urban area and 118 sixth graders in the rural areas, so a total of 246 questionnaire sheets were analyzed. As for statistical methods used in this analysis, frequency, percentage, t-test, F-test(one-way ANOVA), and correlation analysis were conducted and Scheffe-test was carried out as a post-test at 5% significance level. The results of this study were summed up as the following: (1) As a result of analyzing relationship between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice depending on sex, significant difference was not indicated at 5% significance level. (2) As a result of analyzing relationship between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice depending on place of residence, significant difference was indicated in place of residence and the degree of practicing environmental preservation at 5% significance level. (3) As a result of analyzing relationship between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice, significant difference was shown in students' attitude and practice to preserve environment of sub-domains of cognition of living environment and practice at 1% significance level. (4) As a result of analyzing correlation between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practices, significant correlation among them was shown at 5% significance level. Judging from the above results, the relationship between emotional quotient, cognition of living environment and practice was significant. Thus, the degree of students' emotional quotient must be considered in implementing environmental education. In addition, the higher students' emotional quotient was, the more positive attitude to preserve environment students showed and the more actively students participate in environmental preservation. Therefore, it is required to provide students with programs for environmental education considering direct and indirect various emotional quotients in future environmental education.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of 'Electricity & Electronics' in five kinds of Korea textbook of the 3rd grade of middle school. And this study was analyzed into differences based on the consequence of common studying elements. The results of this study were as follows : First, 23 elements were drew out as a result of extracting common elements in the textbook of Korea and Japan from the material analysis of studying organization contents. There are many common elements especially in electric circuits and lighting of Korea textbook and structure of machinery and tools of that of Japan. Second, it was found that Japan textbook had more contents which were explained with illustrations, charts and pictures than that of Korea. Third, it was found that there were various studying contents to be helpful to learn lots of information in Korea textbook, on the other hand in Japan textbook many studying materials were explained by using sentences with illuminations, pictures and charts. But, it needs to rationalize pages and qualities of studying contents and accomplish much more useful system of experientially practical studying elements than just acquiring knowledge heading for the most useful development in studying constitutional contents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the direction of curriculum improvement in elementary school practical arts education. The method of this study was content analysis for international comparison. Practical arts related curriculum documents of the several countries including Korea were compared through content analysis criteria.. The major results of this study were as follows; 1) The name of subject matter in each country was very different. 2) The goals for practical arts education in each country were similar. 3) Practical arts contents were categorized differently in each country

이 문헌연구는 초등기술교육자, Mossman의 철학과 아이디어를 조명하는데 있다. Mossman은 Bonser와 함께 초등기술교육의 대표적인 교육자로 일컬어진다. 문헌조사 결과에 의하면 Bonser에 대한 연구는 비교적 많은 반면, Mossman에 대한 연구는 아주 적은 편이다. 그녀는 초등기술교육에의 아이디어들은 현 구성주의의 교수학습에서의 아이디어와 매우 흡사하다. Mossman은 구성주의를 바탕으로 하는 상황에서 초등학생들은 기술교육의 참다운 가치를 경험할 수 있으며, 이러한 초등기술교육이 타 교과의 구성주의적 교수학습의 장을 마련해 줄 수 있다고 제시하고 있다. Mossman의 주목되지 않았던 아이디어를 바탕으로 하는 구성주의적 교수학습 방법은 초등기술교육의 발전과 방향을 제시하는데 기여할 것이다.

The present study was conducted to make a norm of score of Career Identity in Korea Middle, High School and college Students. This study was interested to offer the data for effective career guidance and counseling in the schools, counseling centers. Vocational identity can be defined as an awareness of and ability to specify one's own interests, personality traits, strengths, and goals as related to career choices. The Vocational Identity(V1) scale was developed by Holland, Daiger, and Power(1980). The 2,508 students were sampled fro111 national level, which were randomly sampled. The result of the present study were as follows : (1) Vocational Identity score in middle school students is more high than the high school students. The average of the Vocational Identity in middle school students is 7.94, and in the high school students is 7.10. Vocational Identity score in college students is more high than the high school students. The average of the Vocational Identity in college students is 8.56. (2) The norm of Vocational Identity score was presented.

This research aims to analyze the research trend of practical arts education, i.e. home economics area in particular, from 1970 to 2005. Included for analysis are 100 masters' or doctors' thesis, 76 feature articles in two major practical arts education, Korean Journal of Home-Economics, and 39 articles published in journals of several national universities of education. Categorization method here is to integrate German, American, and Korean ways. In general, as a result, there have been a number of research works in education environment or on curriculum while relatively few in paradigm, method, evaluation, research method (especially utilizing information technology). Practical arts education, as itself to be practical, we need to further develop the method of cooperative education, student-centered education, problem-based education, which is indispensable in the so-called information society. The two major journals in the practical arts education seem to be differentiated or specialized each other in terms of research focus, which is desirable. And integrated research on education system or structure of the relationship among paradigm, curriculum, methods, performance evaluation can be another horizon for future research.

There is a main difference between the ubiquitous computing and the existing information paradigm in that the ubiquitous computing is based on physical space and it provides more intelligent environment. It is very necessary for us to make an accurate estimation of the changes in our life caused by the advent of ubiquitous computing. It may be information life that will bring the greatest change into our life area in the ubiquitous era. The big change of information life requires preparation to minimize an maladjustment to the new environments, and education is the minimum device for the preparation. Practical arts in elementary education is the subject which has the property that it is most sensitive to the changes of our life. Therefore, practical arts has the fundamental role to reflect all phases of current life changed by the ubiquitous computing. So, it is necessary that we search for the direction of practical arts education according to the ubiquitous computing. Practical arts education in the ubiquitous era can be viewed according to the changes of diverse life area, but information life is the area having an influence on all areas of life. In this study, I searched for the direction of practical arts education focusing on information education according to the changes of information life in the ubiquitous era.

이 연구는 초등 실과 교육과정의 개선을 위하여 현행 7차 교육과정의 기술 교육내용이 적정한지를 평가하고, 새롭게 수정ㆍ보완이 필요한 교육내용은 무엇인지를 조사하여 자료를 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 설문 조사 연구 방법을 사용하였고, 2회에 걸쳐서 교육내용을 조사하였다. 첫 번째 설문지에서는 현행 교육내용이 적정한지를 평가하였고, 두 번째 조사에서는 기술교육내용에 대한 수정ㆍ보완의 구체적인 내용을 조사하였다. 연구에서 사용한 내용 적정성은 학습량, 내용 난이도, 내용 타당도, 내용의 계열성이었다. 설문 조사 결과, 초등 기술교육 내용의 학습량은 적정하였으며, 내용 난이도는 전기ㆍ전자의 이용 단원과 목제품 만들기 단원 모두 어렵다고 응답하였다. 초등과 중등과의 내용 계열성은 적절하였으나 초등 학년간의 계열성은 이루어지지 않았다. 또한 실과 교육과정 개선을 위한 요구 조사에서는 실과의 목표와 내용간의 관련성이 적었으며, 전기ㆍ전자의 이용 단원은 개정할 필요가 있다고 응답하였다. 따라서 초등 기술교육내용은 실과의 목표와 관련성을 가지면서 교육내용을 개선할 필요가 있다.

This study aims at leading to more efficient practice by analyzing students' perceptions on practice in technology in the course of technology and home economics of a middle school. For this purpose, we have employed cluster sampling with stratification to classify middle schools by an administrative district. Total 418 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, 406 of which have been used for analysis. The main results of this research were as follows: First, both male and female students in every region perceived the importance of the safety training before practice(76.1%). Second, Males than female students and students in metropolis areas than other areas perceived that facilities and accommodations of a technology room were well equipped with the proper illumination of the room and the appropriated height of practice tables. Third, both male and female students perceived that practice was interesting(66.5%) and that they had to be given a lot of opportunities to participate in practice(66.5%). Fourth, 48.5% of the students desired the diversity of evaluation methods of a teacher. Therefore, it is required to make an evaluation as to students' ability applying various evaluation methods. Fifth, both male and female students perceived that practice helped them understand the contents(53%).

The purpose of this study was to suggest directions of practical arts education according to the change of school life in the ubiquitous age. Literature review in Ubiquitous computing technology and u-learning, as research methods, were utilized to achieve the purpose of this study. In this study, the effect of ubiquitous computing technology on school life was reviewed in the two view points. One is the view of change and another is the view of constancy. In the view of change, school life had new educational environment new method, new social needs or expect. So, students' learning pace and achievement were managed automatically, and students had individual, customized learning experience. In the view of constancy, school life kept up educational goal as human resources development, acceptance of the change, and face-to-face interaction as characteristics of education. The major suggestions of this study on the new practical arts education's direction were as follows: (1) reforming educational goal such as process centered goal, developing higher order thinking, (2) refining subject matter such as integrated learning content based hands-on activities, and (3) transformation of instructional strategies and assessment such as experiment or practice and criterion referenced assessment.

This study is to inquire the effect which reach to the feelings of self-efficacy as a internal factor that changes elementary pupils' action. The invention and techniques were developed and applied the invention program of problem solving for elementary pupils. In the concrete the purpose of this study is to inquire the effect which reach to self-confidence, efficacy of self-control, and the degree of subject difficulty. For it, the hypothesis was established that it did not have meaning difference in the mark of low territory between first/last and right/left in the experiment group and the comparative group. The object was chosen two classes, 4th grade of Y elementary school in Gimpo city. The program of the experiment group was applied for seven weeks from 13th of September to 21th of October. the materials of this study was applied and divided by SPSSWIN statistic package.