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The purpose of this study was to find out the improvement orientation of practical arts curriculum in order to present the direction for the composition of practical arts curriculum in knowledge based society.This study results are as follows:1) Only information science scope is opened by a required subject in the liberal arts course, but must show our continuous interest and enthusiasm so that the domestic science, the technology science and the agriculture science scope become the center of practical arts curriculum are opened.2) The effort that we must gradually open the subject related to the environmental education and the course education scope is necessary.3) It must be operated organization in the direction that organization and operation of practical arts curriculum in university of education are reorganized in a direction to meet in connected educational field demand and times, and raise a specialty of the teaching profession.

The purpose of this study is to develop a traditional culture education program in practical arts based on theme-centered integrative approach to provide the integrative learning experience for 6th graders in elementary school students. The research was developed through four major stages: (1) exploration, (2) preparation, (3) development, and (4) improvement.The outcome of the study, the traditional culture education program in practical arts based on theme-centered integrative approach, shows following characteristics.First, the integrative approach characteristic of this program follows integrative method which is contributivefusible, inter-disciplinary, theme-centered. Second, It includes introduction, educational goals, learning process, relation to other subjects, time schedule, and the development plan of this education program. Third, this development of education program is made up of eight parts: ① traditional life styles and today's festivals, ② traditional ways of arrangement and notification festival, ③ jobs in the past, ④ costumes and propriety, ⑤ traditional ways of life and crafts, ⑥ traditional ways of life and martial arts, ⑦ exhibition and presentation, ⑧ getting harmonious. Fourth, the development part of this program presents goals of learning and provides content's titles, for each of which an exploration is followed. It also has a homework section that provides some activities to learn and experience along with several illustrations and pictures. In addition, it provides some books and websites to consult.

As society rapidly changes so do the needs of learners. To actively deal with the changing environment and society, there was a need to clarify and verify demanding curriculum contents of Practical Arts. The purposes of this study were to develop integrated model and contents, to suggest the integrative instruction plan by the intra-curricular approach in practical arts subject.For this purpose, this study was conducted through literature research for integrated curriculum theory, and discussed contents with experts, teachers, students. The main themes and sub-themes, content were each developed in two domains; one is text-centered integrative structure which were composed of 'plant', 'animal', 'living goods', and the other is life-centered integrative structure which were composed of 'clothing life', 'food life', 'housing life'. The learning contents were constructed in the integrated ways.The conclusions and suggestions drawn from this study are as follows;1. The various kinds of contents were each developed in two domains in Practical Arts through this paper.2. It is hoped that the results of this research will be referred to in the following curriculum development or localized curriculum of Practical Arts.3. Further studies are needed content standards on grade level based on the framework suggested in this study.

This research higher(4th, 5th, 6th grade) grades in elementary school robot developing design and fabrication, is purposeful that introduce robot learning environment such as robot education and training courses induction. Method, study finding that research teams are accumulative 3years(2001-2003) analyzing synthesis, of research robot for elementary school related program etc.. that utilize C language accordingly with design and fabrication study and developed.Main conclusion of research is as follows:First, robot sensor PCB that develop design and fabrication, apply and studied about sensor drive(action) state and role with related sensor programming that utilize robot sensor PCB fabrication and C language. Second, robot main PCB that develop design and fabrication, apply and studied about motor drive(action) state and role through related motor programming that utilize connectionfabrication with parts related with robot motor and main PCB and C language. Third, apply and studied "kit" for robot education that fabrication various troubleshooting and so on that is happened robot fabrication such as sensor by education related program and organic operating state between motor and programming process that utilize C language. Fourth, use each PCB that develop design and fabrication, elementary students fabrication robot, and attend directly actuality competition such as creation and operated related program that utilize C language.

A sewage treatment plant built with water plants and gravels in an open field has been operated for 3 years with a daily average flow of 50 m3. The quality of treated water was regularly analysed and the economic assesment of the process has been investigated. Seasonal performance of the plant has been investigated with emphasis on treatment efficiency, shock loading responses, effects of sewage evaporation rate, effects of high and low ambient temperature, long term shutdown and start-up. Analyses of sewage indicated that the quality and quantity of the sewage generated in farming and fishing villages depend mainly on the life pattern of the residents. A sewage treatment plant with mechanical equipments may have high operating costs and low treatment efficiency to treat this type of sewage.However, the sewage treatment plant suggested in this study employs natural purification processes and has showed stable long term treatment efficiency even with shock loading and ambient temperature variation. Treatment of phosphorus with mechanical processes may need high operating costs but the suggested processes using water plants and gravels removes phosphorus in natural ways resulting in high removal efficiency and low costs. The natural sewage treatment plant showed good efficiency for all year around to meet the discharge guide-lines of drinking water protection area with respect to BOD, COD, TN. TP and SS. The high treatment efficiency may be due to the action of microorganisms living attached on the surface of the gravels. However, the water plants showed limited treatment performance.

The objective of this study was to develop the contents of environmental education in the field of natural science. In order to achieve this objective, many literatures were reviewed, and survey to verify the tentative contents of contents of environmental education in the field of natural science was carried out.Major findings of the study were as follows;Firstly, the disciplines related to the contents of environmental education in the field of natural science was environmental chemistry, environmental biology, environmental global science and environmental physics. Secondly, the contents of environmental education included in each disciplines of the natural science was identified. Thirdly, based on the these contents, ‘the system of environmental education contents in the field of natural science’ was developed. This system included contents of environmental education included in each disciplines of the natural science, and contents of environmental education appropriate to the level of elementary school, middle school, high school and universities.

교육공학이 발달하고 교육현장에 이를 실현하는 목적은 곧 교수효과를 높이고 학습자들의 학습결과를 극대화하는데 있을 것이다. 이 연구는 멀티미디어 기술이 교수-학습현장에 일반화 되면서 World Wide Web과 Courseware 들이 가지고 있는 한계들을 보다 더 효율적인 측면과 인간에 가까운 지능화된 교수체계(Intelligent Tutoring System: ITS)를 실현하는데 필요한 연구들을 분석하였다. 연구방법으로는 ERIC(교육연구정보센터) Database를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였고, 자료수집에 이용한 Descriptors는 “Intelligent Teaching and Learning"과 "Intelligent Instruction"이었다. 여기서 얻은 자료를 인구학적(독일, 러시아, 미국, 벨기에, 한국 등) 연구자 관점(Ethnographic Conduct)에 따라 최종적으로 연구에 사용되었다. 연구결과 이들은 "Intelligent"의 접근을 Courseware, Coumputer Language, 그리고 Teaching Process & Tool 의 영역들에서 보다 더 인간에 가까워지는 수단으로 각기 개념들을 개발하거나 적용하고 있었다. 결과적으로는 교육자들과 학습자들의 수월성과 효율성을 위한 관점에서 지능적인 ITS, AI(Artificial Intelligence)등이 강조되고 있었다. 특히 심리-운동적 측면의 고려는 물론, 학습내용 이외에 예상되는 질문사항, 흥미, 다단계별 test, 상시 피드백, 연상과 이해 등의 고지능적 측면들 까지도 적용되고 있었다. 또한, 수업을 위한 교수방법 선택 과정에 까지 ITS 용어가 적용되고 있어 앞으로 각종 미디어와 컴퓨터의 교육적용이 Human-brainized 되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 실기가 많이 요구되는 교양실과 및 직업관련 교과들에서도 지능화된 ITS 개발과 교수-학습전략의 실천이 타 학문분야와 균형있는 경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서 교재개발이 촉진되어야 할 것이다.

In this study, the comparison and analysis of computer unit contents in TechnologyHome-economics and Computer textbook of middle school were conducted. A conclusion of this study are as follows. First, The Structure and The Principle of A Computer are treated importantly in the 1st grade Computer Textbook, while information treatment and use are emphasized in TechnologyHome-economics Textbook. The practical use of softwares is emphasized in the 2nd grade TechnologyHome-economics Textbook, but Computer Textbook emphasizes on the practical use of Internet. Second, the pictures of The Structure and The Analysis of A Computer were increased two point six times and Information Treatment and Practical Use were increased one point eight times, but the pictures of the practical use of software in the 2nd TechnologyHome-economics Textbook are one point two times as many as Computer Textbook. Third, the type of the explanation of the unit of a computer is almost sentences and pictures in both the 1st grade and the 2nd grade Technology Home-economics Textbook and Computer Textbook. Fourth, both TechnologyHome-economics Textbook and Computer Textbook deal with the development process of a computer, hardware and software, the data treatment process of a computer, the treatment of operation system, how to make out documents with pictures, how to make out documents using a drawing toolbox, the distribution of data, the concept and the kinds of multimedia, presentation data, the concept and the address system of Internet, Internet service and Internet data mining commonly about the unit of a computer.

The purpose of this study was to decide the priority order of practical arts education program model development at National University of Education. This study was carried out through literature review related to practical arts education, program model development, and the priority order. Parts of practical arts education program development consisted of 4 parts in the planning stage, 5 parts in the designing stage, 4 parts in the implementing stage and 4 parts in the evaluating stage. The priority order of practical arts education program model development was judged at the base of 'importance-realization approach'. According to the result analysis, the priority order was given to 'systematic prognosis and problem ascertainment of curriculum at National University of Education', 'program needs assessment', 'contents selection and systemization of the program', 'marketing of the program', 'evaluation of the program output', and 'feedback of the program evaluation result'. In future, an in-depth study about these themes should be carried out to develop a delicate and helpful program.