Earticle

다국적기업(MNC)의 경영활동은 현지국의 여러 가지 직 ·간접적인 환경요인 에 의해 위험 상황에 직면할 수 있다. 특히 MNC는 현지국의 정치적인 불안정으로 인한 위험에 따른 영향을 받기 쉽다. 일반적으로 정치적 위험관리에 대한 사례들은 정치적 위험이 불연속적이며 또한 기업활동에 매우 민감하기 때문에 이에 대한 기 업의 대응전략을 파악하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구는 1983년부터 1987년까지 필리핀에 진출한 MNC를 대상으로 인터뷰 를 통해 이들의 정치적 위험관리 방식을 살펴보았다. 이 시기는 마르코스 정권의 위기에 따라 마르코스 정권이 퇴진되고 Aquino 여사의 취임 등 정치적으로 매우 불안정한 상황이 전개되던 기간으로, 정치적 위험이 필리핀에 진출한 한국, 일본, 미국, 유럽의 17개 MNC에 어떤 요인들이 영향을 주었고 또 이들 기업들이 어떻게 대응하고 있는지를 살펴보았다. 특히 본 연구에서의 인터뷰는 현지 MNC의 이사급 또는 현지책임자를 대상으로 진행되었다. 연구의 모델로는 Tylenol (Time, 1986)의 사례에서 Fink (1986)가 정치적 위험 의 평가모델로 적용한 경고(warning)단계, 심각(acute)단계, 상습(chronic)단계, 해결 (resolution)단계로 구분한 연구결과를 참고로, 본 연구에서 이를 기초로 1986년 2월 이전 단계(1983년 8월에서 1986년 2월), 1986년 2월(Aquino여사의 취임과 Marcos의 망명 주간), 1986년 2월 이후(Aquino 여사 취임 후 1년간)의 3단계로 구분하였다. 정치적 위험에 대한 MNC의 주요 대응전략을 살펴보면 주로 1986년 2월 이전 단계에서 수행되었다. 주요 전략으로는 원자재나 부품의 구매, 시장점유율이나 정부 와 의견교환을 늘리거나, 새로운 투자, 프로젝트나 확장을 하지 않으며, Peso 이외 의 화폐를 늘리거나, 자회사 판매를 늘리거나, Peso화 대출을 늘리거나, 철수, 필리 핀 이외의 장소에서 생산을 고려, 국외거주를 줄이는 등의 전략 순으로 대응하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study examines the links between customer satisfaction and sales. The NCSI and KCSI provides yearly and Quarterly indices of overall customer satisfaction for major competitors in a variety of product and service industries. The findings indicate that percentage change in customer satisfaction at t-1 is positively related to growth rate of sales. However. no statistically significant results are found in percentage change in customer satisfaction at t. Economic returns from improving customer satisfaction are not immediately realized. We find the long-run nature of the economic returns from improving customer satisfaction.

In recent times, drastic developments in digital technology and the extensive and rapid spread of the Internet have effected tremendous change within the various cultural contents industries. This study aims to focus on the publishing sector within a context of the larger cultural contents industry. In particular, the researcher aims to identify the unique characteristics of e-Book which is widely being accepted as a new paradigm in the publishing sector - by focusing on how it differentiates itself from other media, and investigating its acceptance of recent developments in digital technology. An attempt will also be made to foresee the manufacturing structure and market position of the publishing industry after the emergence of e-Book. In addition, this study has also presented the researchers interrogative focus on future developments for cultural content in general, in view of the specific technological and industrial features of e-Book. The development direction for e-Book as presented by the researcher can be largely divided into the micro and macro levels. For instance, the micro-level core development trajectory is primarily oriented around the faithful manufacture of contents. In other words, the most fundamental and important factor for the growth of e-Book - which utilizes various media forms and overcomes the limits of the existing publishing industry - is an emphasis on design. A design-centric approach not only befits the recent trend to preactively use design features in the publishing sector, but also poses immediate relevance due to its requisite status in order to secure competitiveness in the related industrial field. The results of this study provide a concentrated direction for the growth of e-Book, which has recently seen a mass of new evaluative data in the field. The results also present a proposed method for coordinating interests between the government and industry which are both pursuing solutions to various challenges regarding e-Book - and for promoting growth in the related industries.

Following the increasing in the global market, design has emerged in the business as a major strategic factor which multiplies the value-added of product. Recognizing that design can enhance national competitiveness, governments of a few developed countries have given significant support to design industry. Methods of design management are sought through the roles to create company values and carry out value creation of future customers. In the macro aspects, the first level of customers in design management are companies and the business value creation based on the prediction of environment change. Competition elements of business are eliminated differentiated positioning is attained through this process. Consequently, value chain is formed between companies. The position of design management in the industry must advance form a single specialized field in the company management to a new field of industry in the new business environment. Design management begins by broadening of designer's spectrum at the management level of the company. Design management will extend designer's creativity and innovative ideas to the differentiated base of future business. In order to foresee and regulate the direction and methods of the change in the design management. this theses studied conceptually the key success factors ( design strategy) of design management through empirical study and theoretical survey.

본 연구는 2001년 1월 2일부터 12월 28일까지의 일별자료와 2001년 4월 1일부터 11월 30일까지의 시간대별 자료를 이용하여 코스닥시장 전체와 61개 종목에 대한 주가변동성과 데이트레딩간의 인과관계 분석 및 횡단면 분석을 하였다. 일별 시장전체와 개별종목의 자료를 각각 Granger 검증한 결과, 데이트레딩 비중과 주가변동성은 각각 상호영향을 미치지 않았다. 그러나 시간대별 시장전체의 자료를 검증한 결과, 시장전체의 데이트레딩 비 중과 종합주가지수 변동성간에 서로 영향을 주었다. 또한, 시간대별 개별 종목자료를 검증한 결과, 데이 트레딩이 주가변동성에 일방적으로 영향을 주었다. 따라서, 기존 선행연구의 결과처럼 데이트레딩과 주가변동성간 관계는 서로 인과관계가 없고 상호독립 적이 아니라 적어도 시간대별로는 데이트레딩이 주가변동성에 영향을 미치고 있다고 할 수 있다. 상기 실증결과를 기초로 개별종목의 데이트레딩과 주가변동성간 인과관계유형이 기업의 특성에 따라 차이가 있는지를 분산분석의 CRD 및 RBD를 이용하여 횡단면 분석한 결과, 기업의 특성과는 대부분 큰 차이가 없었다. 구체적으로는, 기업의 자본금 규모, 주가수준, 주식거래량, 주식거래체결건수, 주식의 주 문취소 비중, 데이트레딩 비중, 업종별 및 자료별 기간 등 기업의 특성에 따라 데이트레딩과 주가변동성 간 인과관계유형에 차이가 있는지를 검증한 결과, 주식거래량을 제외한 상기 모든 기업의 특성에서 차 이가 없었다.

The online stock trading has begun to spread in 1998. And HTS started to be evaluated by Stockpia, 100hot and this reports, which specializes in evaluation of financial online sites from the 1st quarter of year 2000. This study is to examine whether the evaluation on HTS has an impact on the stock prices of the security corporations. For the evaluation of the relation, I classified the security corporations into three groups(high group, middle group, low group) and compared the market share after the 1st quarter of year 2000. And I classified two groups(2 top and 5 top) in high group and compared the value-fluctuation of the securities industry with theirs at the identical time and thoroughly analyzed the results. Accordingly the increase rate of the 5 top ranked corp. showed remarkably higher than the securities industry's. Moreover, the increase rate of the 2 top ranked corporations surpassed the 5 top ranked corporations. As the total volume of online trading has increased in the stock trading market, the number of new customers has also increased for the security corporations, which received high ranks on their HTS based on the evaluation results, and their market shares have risen relatively. Therefore, it seems that receiving high ranks on their HTS has a positive impact on their stock prices.

LCD Production systems are given a great deal of information on its current and near future status information including the arrival time of the future parts via the computer network for automation. These systems need studies of TFT-LCD manufacturing process and effective routing procedure using information of current and near future status in LCD plants which is playing an important role in material handling. This article aims at improving these systems need. Using programed Simulator, this Study make comparison with look-ahead routing and Conventional routing in mean flow time, AGV utilization, average inventory level, and maximum inventory level. This application of the improvement LCD routing under many operating conditions shows that the reduction of part flow time and tardiness from the cases of conventional routing is manifest.

The opposite behavior toward organizational change seems to be rather simple and superficial, but a more careful look shows it is complex and multi-dimensional. Most of the earlier surveys on this field focused on proving causes of the behavior, including opposite power and overcoming these negative factors. In those days, it was widely known that opposition is harmful between employers and employees, illogical and unproductive. However, a review of its causes from a different point of view showed that overall, the opposition turned out to be justifiable behavior. Therefore, opposition to change should be managed and management policies for it were raised: e.g. understanding change through communication, participation of people involved, education and training, procedural fairness, show of vision, utilitarian and coercive strategy. In conclusion, a current survey on opposition to organizational change should be made from managerial aspects. Rather than seeing the opposition as unproductive and ineffective behavior, systematic management policies by looking into and analyzing its causes would contribute to the unity and development of an organization.