Earticle

오늘날, 소비자들이 브랜드를 어떻게 인지하느냐 하는 것은 비즈니스의 장기적 성공을 좌우하는 결정적 요인이다. Doyle(1998)은 브랜드가 마케팅과 비즈니스 전략의 중심이라고 했다. 이것은 브랜드가 회사의 전체적 가치를 높이는 무형자산으로서 중요한 부가가치 요인이라는 것을 지적하고 있는 것이다. 이 연구의 목적은서양의 유명한 커피 브랜드인 스타벅스가 어떻게 아시아의 소비자들, 구체적으로 대만과 대한민국의 소비자 들에게 인식되고 있는지 살펴봄으로써 이러한 브랜드의 영향을 고찰해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 기존의 브랜드와 관련된 선행 연구들이 검토되었고, Keller(1993)의 브랜드 연상 모형이 연구모형으로 적용되었다. 먼저, 선행연구 검토를 위해, 브랜딩, 브랜드 연상의 총합이라고 말해지는 브랜드 이미지, 브랜드 연상 속성, 그리고 스타벅스에 대한 기존의 연구들이 검토되었다. Keller(1993)는 브랜드 자산의 구성요소인 브랜드 지식의 구성차원으로서 브랜드 인지와 브랜드 이미지를 주장했으며, 브랜드 연상의 차원으로서 위에서 언급한 세 가지 차원을 제시하였다. 스타벅스에 대해서는 이미 여러 연구가 수행되었는데, 소비자와 브랜드 관계에 대한 연구, 스타벅스 경험에 속하는 상품품질과 브랜드 이미지에 대한 연구, 스타벅스의 긍정적 이미지에 있어서 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 광고와 신뢰에 대한 연구 등이 주로 이루어졌다. 한편, Keller의 브랜드 연상 모형은 세가지의 차원과 여덟 가지의 하부 차원으로 구성되어 있는데, 먼저 세 차원으로는 브랜드 속성, 브랜드 편익, 그리고 브랜드 태도가 있다. 그리고, 이들 세 차원의 여덟 가지 하부 차원은, 브랜드 속성의 하부 차원으로서 상품관련 속성과 비상품관련 속성, 브랜드 편익의 하부 차원으로서 기능적 편익과 상징적 편익, 경험적 편익이 제시되었고, 마지막으로 브랜드 태도의 하부차원으로서 인지적 태도, 정서적 태도, 그리고 능동적 태도가 제시되었다. 본 연구는 위와 같은 연구모형을 토대로 질적연구방법을 수행하였다. 질적연구방법론으로서 세 가지 기술적인 질적연구방법 즉, 포커스그룹, 심층면접, 그리고 사례연구법의 세 가지 방법론이 적용되었다. 먼저, 대만과 대한민국 두 나라에서, 각각 두 번의 포커스그룹과 여덟 번의 개별심층면접이 진행되었다. 특히, 포커스그룹과 심층면접은, 이 연구의 목적인 아시아 소비자들이 서양의 유명한 커피 브랜드, 스타벅스를 어떻게 인지하고 있는지를 밝히고자 사용되었다. 그 후, 이와 같은 포커스그룹과 심층면접에서 나온 결과를 비교하고 확인하고 더불어 방법론 다각화의 일환으로서 사례연구가 수행되었다. 이와 같은 사례연구는 대만의 Pingtung시에 있는 스타벅스 매장에서 수행되었으며, 총 13번의 관찰과 면접이 시행되었다. 분석을 위해서, 포커스 그룹, 심층면접, 사례연구법에서 이루어진 모든 대화들은 앞에서 언급한 Keller의 세 가지 차원과 여덟 가지의 하부차원에 따라 먼저 부호화되고 분류되었다. 이어서, 분류된 내용들은 내용분석방법에 의해 분석되었다. 연구결과, 대부분 참여자들이, 스타벅스라는 이름을 들었을 때, 비싸지만 좋은 품질의 커피와 서비스를 제공하는 브랜드라고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 상품관련 브랜드 속성 차원에서는, 가격이 가장 중요한 요인으로 인식되고 있으며, 스타벅스 커피는 비싸다고 인식되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 패키징과 상품 외관에관한 요인들도 중요한 속성으로 인식되고 있는데, 대체로 편의성이 높고 소비자를 생각하는 고품질의 패키징과 외관을 갖고 있는 것으로 인식되고 있음이 나타났다. 또한, 스타벅스 브랜드는 광고를 거의 하지 않지만 매장 그 자체가 광고가 된다는 의견과 환경을 생각하는 패키징을 사용해야 한다는 의견도 보여졌다. 상품 관련 속성 차원에서는, 스타벅스 커피가 전반적으로 품질은 좋으나, 그다지 특별하다거나 가격에 비해 품질이 좋다고 인식되고 있지는 않다. 이러한 상품 관련 속성 차원에서 특히 눈여겨 볼 것은, 다른 환대상품에서와 마찬가지로 서비스 품질이 중요한 속성으로 인식되고 있으며, 이러한 서비스 품질은 대체적으로 만족스러운 것으로 인식되고 있고, 이는 체계적으로 잘 훈련된 종사원들의 전문적인 서비스 태도 때문인 것으로 인식되고 있었다. 브랜드 편익 차원을 보면, 먼저, 기능적 편익 차원 관점에서는 커피의 맛이 강하고 향이 좋은 것으로 인식되고 있으며, 상징적 편익 차원에서는, 스타벅스가 현대적이며 트랜드에 강하고, 자존감이 강하며, 상류층인 사람들이 소비하는 브랜드로 인식되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 경험적 편익 차원에서는 친근하고 즐겁게 즐길 수 있는 브랜드라는 인식을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 대만과 대한민국, 이 두 나라의 참여자들은 브랜드 속성 차원에서 비슷한 의견들을 보였으며, 브랜드 편익과 브랜드 태도의 두 차원에 대해서는 다소 다른 의견들을 나타내고 있다. 특히, 브랜드 태도에서, 두 나라의 소비자들은 가장 많은 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 대만의 소비자들은, 스타벅스의 브랜드 신뢰성에 대해높은 신뢰도를 나타내는 반면, 한국의 소비자들은 스타벅스 브랜드 신뢰성을 아주 낮게 평가하였다. 예를 들어, 한국 소비자들은 브랜드 인지적 태도에서, 스타벅스가 이란에서의 비즈니스나 제 3세계의 커피농장의 어린이 노동력 착취 등을 통해서 유용함을 얻는 비즈니스를 계속 지지하고 행하는 브랜드로 인식되고 있었으며, 이로인해 정치적 인권적인 면에서 신뢰성이 낮은 브랜드로 인식되고 있다는 의견들이 보여졌다. 또한, 스타벅스는 소비자를 착취하는 브랜드라는 한국 참여자들의 의견도 있었다. 이와 같이, 양 국가의 소비자들은 전반적으로 상품품질, 가격 서비스, 시설 같은 일반적인 속성 외에도, 사회적, 정치적, 문화적, 환경적 현상들과 연상된 브랜드 이미지에 관한 의견들도 보이는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서, 마지막 결론에서는, 지금까지의 이와 같은 연구결과에 대한 논의, 의의점, 제한점, 그리고 미래연구에 대한 방향제시를 하였다.

This study addresses and identifies how Starbucks, a famous Western coffee brand,is perceived by Asian consumers, particularly Taiwanese and Korean consumers, by providing qualitative evidence to explain their concepts on brand association (i.e., attributes, benefits, and attitudes) of Starbucks. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to examine how Asian consumers perceive the brand image. A case study was conducted in Southern Taiwan for triangulation purposes. Data were analyzed using a content analysis technique. The results indicated that most participants perceived Starbucks as being expensive, but serving good quality coffee and service. The two countriesʼ participants showed more similarities in the brand attributes dimension. In addition to the generic attributes of products, social, political, cultural, and environmental attachments were found.

기업의 혁신은 기업의 전략 측면에서 중요한 요인으로 간주되어 오고 있다. 국내 중소기업들은 자원의 한계에 직면해 있음에도 불구하고, 해외진출을 통하여 기업의 성과를 달성하고 있다. 본 연구는 1999년부터 2010년까지 코스닥(KOSDAQ)에 상장된 305개의 국내 중소기업들을 대상으로 기업의 혁신성과가 수출에 미치는 영향에 대해서 분석하였다. 일반적으로 기업의 혁신과 관련하여 R&D 지출이 대리변수로써 사용되어져 왔으나, R&D 지출은 혁신을 위한 투입요소이지 혁신의 직접적 대리변수가 될 수 없는 등의 한계점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 기존의 R&D를 사용한 연구와는 달리 콥-더글라스(Cobb-Douglas) 생산 함수로부터 혁신성과를 도출하여 국내 중소기업의 수출에 미치는 영향에 관하여 분석을 시도하였다. 실증 분석의 결과는 기업혁신이 수출에 유의적인 정(+)의 영향을 제공하고 있음을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 기업 혁신의 영향은 각 기업의 이질성, 오차항의 이분산과 자기상관성, 전년도의 기업의 혁신성과를 고려한 다양한 통계 기법을 사용하였을 때 역시 유의적인 양(+)의 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과로부터 수출을 통한 해외진입을 추구하는 기업들은 혁신성과를 향상시킬 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다

Exporting to firms has been identified as a fundamental and strategic way to enter into foreign markets. According to stage theory of internationalization suggested by Johanson and Vahlne (1977), a firm does exporting as the first strategy to enter into foreign markets and gradually expands foreign markets. Even though a firm goes to foreign markets by direct investing, it still do exporting. Therefore, the relationship between direct investment and exporting to a firm may be complementary. As a result, many studies have focused to find the determinants of exporting. In general, firm innovation has been largely acknowledged as a crucial factor in a strategic aspect in Korean small and medium sized firms. Although Korean small and medium sized firms have limited resources, they tend to improve firm innovation to survive rapidly changing business environments in various foreign markets. Using 305 small and midium sized Korean venture firms listed on KOSDAQ over the periods from 1999 to 2010, this study examine the effect of firm innovation on export. In general, R&D expenditure can’t be a proper proxy variable for firm innovation. Unlike the previous studies, this study tried to investigate the effect of firm innovation on export, using innovation performance of firms from a Cobb-Douglas function. The empirical results indicate that firm innovation is positively associated with export. And the same results were shown when controlling for individual firm heterogeneity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation of an error term, and firm innovation of the previous year. The empirical results mean in general that firms extending the process of foreign entry through export need to improve firm innovation. Although this study finds the positive association between firm innovation and export, there are problems in this study. First, this study only considers exporting of firms as one of the ways for foreign market entry. Even though Korean small and medium sized firms listed on KOSDAQ have a large portion of exporting, they could also consider other ways to enter into foreign markets. Therefore, it is needed to think about other ways to enter into foreign markets as well as exporting. Second, this study employs innovation performance made from a Cobb-Douglas function. In other words, this means we cannot know from where firm innovation performance is coming. Therefore, a future study which can be suggested should consider a multiple aspects of firm innovation. For example, OECD Olso Manual (2005) suggested four types of firm innovation such as product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation, and organizational innovation. Accordingly, it is needed to examine the relationship between an individual type of firm innovation and exporting in a future study, if the related data are available. This direction of a future study can tell which effort for innovation is required to firms.

연구의 목적은 중소기업을 대상으로 조직성과에 미치는 경영자의 특성 및 인적자원관리 개별활동의 직접적 효과, 간접적 효과 행태를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 표본기업은 지방 중소기업 414개사를 대상으로 하였으며 수집된 자료는 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여, AMOS(Analysis of Moment Structure) 18과 PASW(Predictive Analytics Soft Ware) Statistics 18 패키지 프로그램을 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 이상에서 논의된 내용을 종합하면 다음과 같다. 중소기업에서의 경영자의 리더십은 충원, 교육 훈련, 성과평가, 보상 및 유지, 경력개발의 다섯 가지 인적자원관리 개별활동 모두에 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 개별활동중 성과평가를 제외한 나머지 네 가지의 활동은 이직률에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고 이직률은 1인당 매출액에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다. 한편 경영자의 신뢰성은 이직률이나 1인당 매출액에 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 신뢰성을 구성하는 평가항목 체크리스트가 내부적인 이해관계자에 대한 항목은 1개인반면 외부 이해관계자에 대한 항목이 3개가 되는 것과 연관이 있어 보인다. 경영자의 리더십은 이직률에 직접 영향을 미치는 직접효과와 인적자원관리 개별활동을 경유하는 간접효과가 발생하게 되며, 경영자의 신뢰성은 1인당 매출액에 대한 직접효과와 이직률을 거치는 간접효과를 보여준다

This study conducts an empirical analysis for the direct effect of management's factors and the mediating effect of HRM practices to organizational performance using business data in the cases of small-sized business firms. Model was set by structural equations models (SEM) using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structure) 18 and PASW (Predictive Analytics Soft Ware) Statistics 18 package program using business data for the 414 small-sized firms. Thus this research was designed to analyze how exogenous variables such as management's traits factors affect endogenous variables such as the HRM practices and performance, which is composed to turnover rate and sale per person of start-up firms. Many research studies focused on how management’s traits affect their organization’s performance have been conducted. The following hypotheses are developed based upon the previous research and the books on organizational performance including job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Data were extracted from objective one, and empirical analysis was conducted via AMOS. The hypotheses on the influence of management's traits and HRM practices to organizational performances are as follows:Hypothesis 1. Management’s leadership traits factors affect HRM practices. Hypothesis 2. HRM practices have an effect on organizational performance. Hypothesis 3. Management’s trust factors exert influence on organizational performance and financial performance. Hypothesis 4. Turnover rate have a negative influence to sales per person. The conclusion from the analysis through setting up a hypothesis is as follows: First, this study confirms that management’s leadership variable out of management’s traits factors has a direct influence on the HRM practices, especially recruitment, training development, performance evaluation, reward management, and career development. Therefore, management’s leadership variable was adopted as the variable influencing on the HRM practices. As a result of the empirical analysis, the effect on the management’s leadership traits to HRM practices was at the level of .4.456, 3.282, 8.577, 4.771, and 3.889, which it showed significant effect at the significance level of 0.001%. Second, as a result of the study of the effect on the organizational performance by the HRM practices of start-up firms, it is partly significant that HRM practices, recruitment, training development, reward management, and career development has a direct influence on the turnover rate. Third, management’s trust variable out of management’s traits factors doesn’t have a direct influence on the turnover rate and sale per person because of checklist excluding stakeholder’s one. As a result of the empirical analysis, the effect on the management’s trust variable to the turnover rate was the C.R. value of 1.601, which it showed non-significant effect. The other effect on the management's trust variable to the sale per person was the C.R. valuel of 0.383, which it showed non-significant effect also. Fourth, organizational performance, which is measured by turnover rate have a negative influence to financial performance which is measured by sales per person. As a consequence of the empirical analysis, the effect on the organizational performance to financial performance was at the level of -.2111, which it showed significant effect at the significance level of 0.001%. It has the mediating effect of HRM practices on the relationship between management's leadership and turnover rate. And it also has the mediating effect of management’s trust on the relationship between turnover rate and sale per person.

본 연구는 전문대학 졸업생이 급변하는 직업 환경 속에서 평생에 걸쳐 직업생활을 영위하는데 필요한 직업기초능력-문제해결능력, 기술 정보 활용, 대인관계능력, 의사소통능력, 직업윤리, 자기개발-을 증진시키기 위한 운영방향 및 구체적인 지원방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 외국의 사례 분석과 현장에 근무하는 실습 담당자를 대상으로 전문대학 학생들이 강화해야 할 직업기초능력을 조사하여, 그 결과를 바탕으로 직업기초능력 강화 방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 M대학 학생들을 대상으로 조사하였기 때문에 연구결과를 전체 전문대학 재학생으로 일반화하는 데는 한계가 있다. 설문조사결과, 직업기초능력 여섯 영역에 있어서 보통수준 이상의 능력을 가지고 있으며, 이중 ‘문제해결능력’이 가장 낮고 그 다음이 ‘의사소통능력’과 ‘자기개발’인 것으로 나타났다. 반면 직업윤리가 가장 높게 나타났다. 그리고 의사소통능력이 뛰어난 학생일수록 다른 영역도 뛰어난 것으로 보고 있었다. 특히 문제해결능력에서는 문제해결을 위한 ‘참신하고 독특한 아이디어 제시’ 및 ‘자신의 활동에 대한 모니터링’, ‘실현가능한 목표 및 방향 설정’ 능력이 낮았으며, 의사소통능력에서는 ‘보고서 작성’ 및 ‘프리젠테이션’ 능력이 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, ‘자기개발능력’에서는 ‘알고 있는 지식과 기술의 활용’ 및 ‘자신의 능력에 대한인식’ 측면이 상대적으로 낮다고 응답하였다. 또한 직업기초능력 중 ‘대인관계능력’, ‘의사소통능력’ 그리고 ‘직업윤리’에 있어서 학과 간에 약간의 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 조사결과를 반영하여 본 연구에서 제시한 직업기초능력 증진 방향 및 운영방안은 다음과 같다. 즉, 직업기초능력 프로그램 운영은 학생들의 평생고용가능성을 유지하기 위해 필요한 직업기초능력을 습득하도록 하되, 직업기초능력을 체계적으로 습득할 수 있도록 정부, 대학, 학과 차원에서 직업기초능력에 대한 요구조사를 실시하고, 이를 반영하여 직업기초능력을 수준별로 구분하여 운영하되 통합적이고 협력 체제를 구축하는 것이 요구된다. 특히 학년별 혹은 단계별로 진행될 수 있도록 프로그램을 설계한다. 본 연구는 현장에서 실습생을 지도하고 있는 담당자를 대상으로 직업기초능력에 대한 요구를 조사하였으나 후속연구로 실습생을 대상으로 요구조사를 함으로써, 실습생이 스스로 부족하다고 인식하는 영역과 현장 담당자가 실습생에게 인식하는 능력간의 차이 분석이 이루어져야 할 것이다

Many researches have emphasized necessary key competencies at the workplace in recent years because we have faced changes in the world of work and the implications of those changes for learning. However, colleges do not recognize rapid changes in workplace. Meanwhile, colleges do not prepare their students for work. In other words, colleges do not establish and develop programs and curricula which are included with basic skills, thinking skills, and personal qualities. Therefore, this study was to examine key competencies which students needed to succeed at workplace. The purpose of this study was to suggest the direction and strategies for improving of key competencies-communication skills, technology information application skills, interpersonal skills, communication skills, work ethics-for a success vocational life of college graduates. Specially, this study investigated necessary skills for reinforcing lifelong employability, analyzed needs of employees who took charge of students in the workplace, and provided practical strategies to promote students’ competencies. In order to achieve the purpose, this study examined the necessary skills of foreign countries and investigated needs analysis of employees about subcategories of key competencies. Data were collected through questionnaire supervisors who took charge in the workplace. The questionnaire consisted of thirty five questions which were six categories of necessary skills in the workplace. Results could not generalized to other colleges because this survey was conducted to M college students. Results of survey revealed that problem solving skill was the lowest one among the six categories of key competencies, and the second lowest one was communication skills and self-development. Otherwise, work ethics was the highest. Especially on problem solving skill, it appeared that followed words arrange the lowest in order-‘Students suggest innovative and unique idea to solve the problem.’ ‘Students constantly monitor their actions in order to solve the problem.’ ‘Students set up practical target to solve the problem.’ ‘On communication skill, supervisor’ response of question ‘Students are proficient in presentation skills.’ was the lowest and it of ‘Students communicate effectively in writing to clearly get across their ideas.’ was the second lowest on. Otherwise, on self-development, response on the ‘application of know-how and technology’ and ‘career development’ was relatively low in other terms. The major achievements from this study’s results were as follows. Programs of key competencies should be leaded, supported and operated by government, college, and each department in order for college students to acquire necessary key competencies. First, government should have concern, support financially, and suggest guideline for key competencies. Second, college should encourage and provide programs for students to reinforce their abilities. College should also develop simple manuals, divided into skill levels from basic to advanced, for each department. Especially, college systems should be integrated with students’ needs and institutions’ needs to be comparative. and investigated to demands of government, college, and department of key competencies. Third, each department should help students to have fundamental skills needed to succeed in the world of work. In order to do so, each department should understand how curriculum and instruction were changed to enable students to be comparative. Curriculum should be revised and redeveloped regularly by analyzing needs of industries and students. Last, government, college, and each department should be cooperative to efficient delivery and participate in teams for operating programs effectively. This study examined needs of supervisors who coached students in field about key competencies. But it will be needed to survey the students’ needs in key competencies. Therefore, it will be necessary the follow-up studies which include gap analysis on the difference between a recognition of supervisors guided students at training place and it of students’s about key competencies

그동안 기업의 지속가능경영 활동에 대한 중요성이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔지만, 기업의 지속가능경영 활동을 측정하고 있는 구성개념에 대한 이론적 배경의 부재로 인하여 많은 연구가 수행되지 못하였다. 이에 본 연구는 다양한 이해관계들을 대상으로 집단면접(FGI)을 실시하여 국내 상황에 맞는 기업의 지속가능경영에 대한 척도를 개발하였고, 본 연구에서 개발된 새로운 척도가 기존 척도에 비하여 더 높은 예측력을 지니는지를 간접적으로 증명하였다. 본 연구결과를 통해 개발된 기업의 지속가능경영 활동에 대한 척도는 다음과 같다. 우선, 경제적 책임활동은 ‘제품의 품질개선 노력’, ‘고객의 불평처리에 대한 체계구축’, ‘직원들에 대한 임금만족’, ‘자사의 장기적인 전략구축’, 그리고 사회적 책임활동은 ‘지역사회 및 여러 학교들과의 협력사업 장려’, ‘영업규모 대비 적절한양의 사회공헌 수행’, ‘지역사회 지원하는 직원들의 자원봉사 활동’, ‘자사의 자원을 사회에 환원하는 정도’ 끝으로 환경적 책임활동은 ‘환경보호 활동에 관심’, ‘자사가 생산하는 제품에 대한 재활용 노력’, ‘환경 친화적인 제품 및 서비스 생산’, ‘환경보호를 위한 캠페인 활동’, ‘환경보호를 위해 자사의 자원을 효율적으로 활용’으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 국내 기업들에게 기업의 지속가능경영의 중요성을 다시 한 번 인지시키고 있으며, 특히 국내 기업들에게 자사의 지속가능경영을 진단하는데 중요한 실무적인 시사점을 제시할 것이다

Sustainable management which is recently the issue of corporate management is new management paradigm requested while emphasizing the roles of companies and industrial world for the sustainable development. Much of the conceptual work in the area of corporate sustainable management has originated from researches conducted in the management field. Elkington (1997) proposed that corporations have three responsibility of sustainable management: economic responsibility, social responsibility, environmental responsibility. In order to investigate the dimensions of corporate sustainable management and the measurement items for CSR perceived by Korean people, four focus group interviews were conducted with several stakeholder groups (two with general consumers, and two with NGO groups). Scripts from the interviews revealed that the Korean stakeholders perceived three types of corporate sustainable management which are the same as those proposed by Elkington (1997). The 21 items were developed based on the results of the four focus group interviews. Following the procedure proposed by Churchill (1979), we started by developing an item pool consisting of 21 items and purified the initial pool of items through exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis of date collected from survey of corporate sustainable management. First, factor analysis was performed on the 21 items in order to verify the underlying three factor structure. This study provided new measurement items for tapping the Korean CSR dimensions, which can be useful for the future studies exploring the effects of corporate sustainable management on Korean consumers’ evaluation toward the corporations and products. The final sustainable management scale has 13 items with 3 dimensions: (1) Economic responsibility: improving the quality of our products, building the system toward responding to customer complaint,wage satisfaction to employees, building the long-term strategies. (2) Social responsibility: encouraging partnerships with local businesses and schools, giving the adequate contributions to charities considering business size, supporting the local community, donating resources to the society. (3) Environmental responsibility: concern to the environmental protection activities, recycling effort to products, campaign activities for the protection of environment, utilizing the resources for the protection of environment. And we found the scale of sustainable management has good reliability, discriminant validity, comprehensive validity. Also, the results of path analysis revealed that economic responsibilities had positive influence on the corporate evaluation and product evaluation. But, both social responsibility and environmental responsibility had only influence on the product evaluation. Finally, we hope that our scale could greatly facilitate research on the corporate sustainable management activities. Although it is the first attempt to develop a scale for specifically measuring sense of sustainable management activities in the domestic situation, it is by no means the final answer. We await further researches on refining the scale or developing scales for the sustainable management activities by other researchers.

본 연구는 한국기업의 對중국 및 베트남 해외직접투자의 특징을 도출하고, 실증분석을 통해 성공적 투자진출 및 운영을 위한 전략적 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 한국의 對중국 및 베트남 해외직접투자는 진입시기에 따라 경영성과가 달리 나타났다. 특히 중국과 베트남의 급격한 개방 정책 이후, 한국의 경영성과가 높아졌다. 둘째, 한국의 對중국 진출에 있어서는 합작투자가 단독투자보다 그 비율이 높게 나타나고 있으며, 반면 베트남 진출에 있어서는 단독투자가 합자투자보다 그 비율이 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 최근 한국의 對중국 및 베트남 해외직접투자의 동기로서 현지시장 개척을 위한 투자동기가 현지 자원개발이나 저임금활용을 위한 투자보다 부각되고 있다. 이는 중국과 베트남이 단순 제조업의 공장으로서의 역할뿐 아니라 소비시장으로서 부상하고 있음을 시사한다. 넷째, 한국의 對중국 투자는 서비스업보다 제조업의 매출신장률이 높게 나타났는데, 향후 5년의 예측 분석결과는 서비스업이 더 높게 나타났다. 對베트남의 분석 결과는 현재와 향후 5년 모두 제조업보다 서비스업의 매출신장률이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 향후에는 제조업뿐 아니라 점차 서비스업에도 관심을 높여야 할 것이다. 다섯째, 투자규모(종업원 수/투자금액)에 따른 분석에서는 일부 그룹 기업들의 경영 성과가 약간 높게 나타났으나, 전체적으로 투자규모에 따른 그룹별 경영성과의 차이는 나타나지는 않았다. 여섯째, 한국의 對중국 입지우위 측면에서는 베이징, 상하이, 칭다오가 다롄보다 입지 경쟁력이 있다고 판단되며, 對베트남의 경우는 호치민이 하노이보다 경쟁력이 있다고 판단된다

The goal of this study is to draw the characteristics of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) of Korean firms in China and Vietnam. It includes the result of empirical tests and suggests some strategic implications for successful outward FDI. This study finds six characteristics from existing research-timing,method, motivation, industry, size, location. Meaningful results can be found as follows. Firstly, the performance of Korean outward FDI in China and Vietnam showed differently according to their entry timing. The performance of Korean firms increased after China joining to the WTO in 2001. The performance of Korean firms increased much more after Vietnam carrying out “Doi Moi” innovation in 2006. That is, the performance of FDI is related to the time of an open-door policy. With the adoption of open-door policy, reshaping investment-related law and incentives for foreign investors, inward FDI will gain its momentum. This is because cornucopia of business-friendly environment makes inflow of FDI grow. Secondly, In China, the ratio of wholly-owned subsidiary (WOS) has increased than that of joint venture (JV). However, the performance of JV is better than WOS. On the other hand, in Vietnam, the performance of WOS is better than that of JV. But the results of statistic don’t show significantly. We cannot find the reasons. However, recently many Korean firms, which have built up their experience in China and Vietnam, are likely to judge the benefits of WOS (i.g. speedy decisionmaking) are bigger than that of JV (i.g. the dispersion of risk, utilizing the information of host country). Thirdly, Korean firms’ outward FDI motivations in China and Vietnam have changed from resource-seeking and efficiency-seeking to market-seeking. This implies that the roles of China and Vietnam in Korean firms’ outward FDI have changed from sources of raw material and efficient producers to potential mass markets. Fourthly, the performance of manufacturing industry in China showed higher than that of service industry. However, this survey showed, in future (2011～2015), the performance of service industry will be higher than that of manufacturing industry. And the performance in Vietnam of service industry showed higher than that of manufacturing industry in both present and future (2011～2015). Therefore, the outward FDI of Korean service industry should be considered very positively. Fifthly, considered the size of firm based on the number of employees and the amount of investment, some groups’ performances are a little better than the others. However, generally there are no differences among groups. Therefore, the size of a firm is not closely related to the performance of FDI or there are the other important factors in the performance of FDI. Finally, location advantages have affected the performance of FDI in China and Vietnam. Therefore, Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao (China) and Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), well equipped with infrastructure, were preferred to Dalian (China) and Hanoi (Vietnam) in the performance of Korean firms. This result shows that location advantages are important in performance and decision-making of outward FDI. And this also denotes validity of Dunning’s OLI paradigm.

지금까지의 팀 리더십에 대한 연구는 한 개인의 리더십에 초점을 맞춰 개인의 특성 및 행동을 강조해 왔다(Bass, 1990). 리더 중심적인 관점은 리더십과 팀 성과 사이의 관계에 있어 많은 시사점을 제공하였지만(Guzzo and Dickson, 1996), 팀 환경에서 한 사람의 리더가 존재하는 것과 둘 이상의 리더가 공존하는 것 중에서 더 바람직한 것이 무엇인가에 대한 답을 얻기 위해 최근 연구자들은 공유리더십(shared leadership) 연구에 노력을 기울여 왔다(O’Toole et al., 2002). 본 연구는 지금까지 연구가 미흡했던 공유리더십이 팀 유효성에 미치는 영향과 함께 이들 사이의 관계에 있어 과업조정 및 업무분담 팀 프로세스의 매개효과에 대한 검증을 시도하였다. 본 연구는 선행 연구를 토대로 공유 리더십과 팀 유효성과의 관계를 77개 프로젝트 팀에 참여하고 있는 339명의 대학생을 대상으로한 설문조사를 통해 실증적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 가설 검증 결과 얻어진 몇 가지 사실에 대해 논의하면,첫째, 공유리더십은 팀 효능감 및 팀 몰입에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무와 관련된 팀 프로세스, 즉 업무분담 및 과업조정은 공유리더십과 팀 효능감, 팀 몰입 간의 관계를 부분매개하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 팀 내 공유리더십이 팀 효능감과 팀 몰입에 직접적인 영향을 주는 한편, 업무분담 및 과업조정이라는 팀 프로세스를 통해 팀 성과변수에 간접적으로 영향을 주고 있음을 시사해주고 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 시사점과 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of shared leadership on team efficacy and team commitment. In addition, we attempt to verify the mediating effects of task coordinations and workload sharing on the relationships between shared leadership and team efficacy and team commitment. To test the proposed hypotheses in our study, we collected data via a survey with a sample of 77 university student teams, comprising 339 respondents (on average 4.4 per team). Shared leadership was measured on the team member survey with 3 items used by Kent and Moss (1990). Response were provided on a 7-point Likert scale. Team efficacy was measured by scale from Riggs and Knight (1994) on a 7-point 3-item Likert scale. Team commitment were measured by scale from Van der Vegt, Emans, and Van De Viliert (2000) on a 7-point 4-item Likert scale. The level of analysis in this study is the team. To justify the aggregation of the responses of multiple respondents for obtaining measures at the team level, we used inter-rater agreement indices, rwg (James, Demaree, and Wolfe, 1984). In all cases, the rwg score provided support for combining team members’ perceptions to produce aggregated scores for the measures. The major findings are as follows: First, shared leadership were positively associated with team efficacy and team commitment. The findings suggest that organizations should help develop strong shared leadership patterns within their teams to bolster effectiveness. Organizations can promote shared leadership by setting expectations and encouraging members when teams initially form to view themselves and their fellow team members as leaders and to engage in shred, mutual leadership. Second, task coordinations and workload sharing have turned out to have a partial mediation effect on the relationship between shared leadership and team efficacy. as well as the relationship between shared leadership and team commitment. That is, this result indicated that shared leadership indirectly effects on team efficacy and team commitment through task coordinations and workload sharing. Mangers should therefore ensure that each team has a clear and shared sense of direction, prepares working plans, prioritize and allocate team tasks and promote and establish norms of participations and workload sharing. Our study makes key contribution to the literature on shared leadership. The findings extend previous research suggesting positive effects of shared leadership on team efficacy and team commitment using a network-based measure of shared leadership that better captures the patterns of mutual influence inherent in the construct. The findings of the mediation analyses are the primary contribution of this study since little research examined a mediation model. Specifically, the mediation analyses showed that even though the mediating effect of task coordinations and workload sharing on the relationship between shared leadership and team efficacy and team commitment. shared leadership still had some direct effects on outcome variables, suggesting the influence process of shared leadership on team outcomes could be more complicated than we originally proposed. This issue needs to be further clarified or even reconsidered. Given the small number of samples from the student teams, this study constitutes an exploratory attempt in nature. Caution must be exercised in attempting to interpret findings and to generalize the recommendations. The results proposed in this study must be validated by further research in diverse research settings. Causality could not be claimed due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. Longitudinal and experimental designs are needed to settle the dynamic relationships between shared leadership and team efficacy and team commitment. Several studies have called for more research on potential conditions such as task type that influenced link between shared leadership and team efficacy and team commitment. Such contextual variables are not fully measured in this study but could be included in future research.

본 연구의 목적은 아웃백 패밀리 레스토랑 스마트폰 어플리케이션 품질, 인지된 용이성, 인지된 유용성, 재사용의도 간의 구조적 영향관계에 대해 알아보고, 기술 이용에 대한 자발성 요인이 인지된 유용성, 인지된 용이성과 재사용의도 간에 조절효과 역할을 하는지에 대해 조사하고자한다. 이를 위해 경남과 대구에 거주하는 대학생들을 대상으로 300부의 설문지가 배포되었으며 총 250부를 본 연구의 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 어플리케이션 시스템 품질을 포함한 확장된 TAM 모델에서 대부분의 가설이 채택되었으나 정보품질과 인지된 유용성과의 영향관계에 대한 가설만 기각되었다. 둘째, 인지된 유용성과 재사용 의도간의 자발성에 따른 조절효과를 검증한 결과 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 낮은 자발성 집단이 높은 자발성 집단보다 인지된 유용성이 재사용의도에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것을 밝혀졌다. 하지만 인지된 용이성과 재사용의간의 자발성 조절효과는 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 이론적⋅실무적 시사점과 연구의 한계점이 논의되었다

The emergence of smartphone has increased revenues in a stagnated mobile phone market. Especially, smartphone application is the primary channel of communication to the customer, which enables the support of the whole customer process. Via the application the customer can access the best fitting offers for the individual customer process steps. Although the issue of smartphone application has emerged as one of the most important aspects, relatively limited research exists regarding smartphone application within service sector brands, especially restaurant brands. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationships between the quality of Outback family restaurant’s smpartphone application, perceived usefulness, perceived easiness and reuse intention, and the moderating effect of voluntariness on the relationship between perceived usefulness and reuse intention using structural equation modelling analysis. The important variables of the research model include: quality of Outback family restaurant’s smartphone application as the independent variable, perceived usefulness and perceived easiness as the mediating variables, and reuse intention as the dependent variable. In addition, voluntariness is proposed to moderate the relationship between perceived usefulness and reuse intention. For this, data collection is through a personally administered questionnaire. The main advantage of this method is that data collection of all completed responses incurs minimal time and cost expenditures. This face-to-face method affords an opportunity to introduce the research topic and motivate respondents to offer frank answers. Moreover, it doest not require significant skill to administer a questionnaire. In order to maintain consistency in the data gathering process, university students majoring in hotel and tourism management became data collectors after receiving training. The 300 questionnaires were distributed to university students who were in Kyungnam and Daegu. A total of 280 responses were collected. Excluding missing data, 250 usable data were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows: First, it is found that most hypotheses for structural relationships proves to be significant except for one path from system quality to perceive d usefulness.; Second, it was revealed that, voluntariness shows the moderating effect on the relationship between perceived usefulness and reuse intention, whereas there is no moderating effect of voluntariness on between perceived easiness and reuse intention. The low level of voluntariness group shows that perceived usefulness has a greater influence on reuse intention that the high level of voluntariness. This study makes several theoretical contributions to the literature and offers important implications for restaurant managers. The key contribution of this study is that it provides a comprehensive research model regarding family restaurant’s application. Furthermore, this study examines whether or not voluntariness moderates the relationship between perceived usefulness and reuse intention. However, this is only the first step in developing research model regarding family restaurant’s application, and further research should build upon this research model and subject it to further, rigorous examination.

현재 예측하기 어려운 사회경제환경의 변화와 더불어 우리 기업은 다양한 새로운 사상에 직면해있다. 특히 CSR과 관련된 각종 사업리스크는 기업가치에 중대한 영향을 미칠 가능성을 갖고 있어 주주나 소비자 등 이해관계자 입장에서 간과할 수 없는 중대한 관심사가 되고 있다. 이러한 상황을 반영하여 기업의 지속가능성과 관련이 있는 리스크정보를 공시하는 경우가 점진적으로 증가하고 있다. 더불어 회계부정문제 등 기업의 불상사가 연이어 나타나고 있는 상황에서 내부통제의 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 우선, 본고는 CSR과 관련된 회계문제와 사회적 업적의 정량평가에 관하여 CSR연구자의 몇 가지 관점을 조사한다. 이를 통해 정량적 방식의 미래 연구테마를 제안하기 위하여 기존 회계연구와 CSR회계연구를 비교한다. 구체적으로 본고의 목적은 CSR회계가 필요한 이유를 찾아보고 CSR회계이론 형성에 있어 종래의기업회계 틀에서 CSR회계의 위치설정 방법론을 고려한 정량화 모델을 해명한다는 것이다. 이와 관련하여 본고는 앞으로 창출될 CSR정량화 모델에 관하여 약간의 개념적 공통분모를 제공한다. 본고는 다음과 같은 내용으로 구성된다. 먼저 기업이 CSR문제를 기업가치에 중대한 영향을 미치는 CSR리스크로서 인식해야한다는 점이다. 또한 향후 회계의 외생적 요인을 전개한 결과인 CSR 관련의 다양한 사상을 내생적 요인으로 다루어야 한다는 것이다. 그리고 이러한 점을 바탕으로 기업의 내외부 이해관계자에게 CSR업적을 포함한 회계정보를 산출하고 보고하기 위하여 원만한 조직관리 방법이 확립되는 것이 바람직하다는 것이다

Recently our business enterprises are confronted with a diversity of new events along with unpredictability changes in the socioeconomic environments. In particular, various business risks connected with CSR have the potential to have important bearings on the enterprise value, and contain much of topical interests that cannot be ignored from the point of view of each interested parties including stakeholders and consumers. In addition to these, with ethical problems on board of directors, transparency in business management, a back-scratching alliance of government and businesses, misuse of capital etc. CSR is hot topic. So there has been much discussion in recent decades about the extent of CSR, increasing the pressure of stakeholders. Reflecting this current state, it is gradually increasing for business enterprises to disclose their risk information concerning their future sustainability. As the business misfortunes such as accounting scandal occur repeatedly the importance of internal control is emphasized under the circumstances. Meanwhile, Based on the arguments that CSR plays the role of mitigating conflicts between business enterprise and interested parties, current empirical studies on CSR explain the following results. CSR enhances the financial performance of business entity. Specifically, business enterprises with higher CSR performance are predicted to have higher profitability, lower cost of capital and higher enterprise value than those with lower CSR performance. This study, on the other hand, attempts to analyze several theoretical points on CSR. it studies about clear understanding of CSR and contemplation about CSR accounting. And it analyzes and upgrades the system with organizing analysis of previous CSR accounting. And it suggests several ways for the relationship between CSR and financial performances and interested parties. To begin with, this study examine some views of the CSR researchers in this field on the accounting issues connected with CSR and the quantitative evaluation methods for social performances. Having examined the views, the next step is to compare the existing accounting research with that of the CSR accounting in order to suggest some research themes for further study in a theoretical manner. To be more specific, the aim of this study is to find out the raison d’etre of CSR accounting and also to shed light on the formation of CSR accounting theory with special reference to locating it within the existing framework of business accounting. In this context this study will provide a number of common conceptual denominators for an actual quantitative model to be generated. This study contains the following arguments. First, it is necessary that business enterprises should recognize the CSR issue as CSR risk which appear to have great impact on the enterprise value. Second, the CSR issue which used be understood as an exogenous factor with various related events should be treated as an endogenous factor from now on. Lastly, with these points above, it is advisable that a proficient organization management method be mapped out so as to produce and report the accounting information including the CSR performance to the insiders as well as outsiders of the business enterprises. In addition, the contents of this study consist of the following details. Firstly, it suggests several theories about the feature of current CSR problems and the approach to quantification of CSR. Then it treats the concept and problems of social cost, social audit and value added statement which are previous CSR accounting of corporate social accounting. And it explains sustainability accounting of the sigma project, environmental accounting which are current CSR accounting. And it presents the reasons for the directivity and considerations of CSR accounting which is included the squad for internal controls and regular monitoring system in business enterprise, socially responsible investment.

본 연구는 국내 기업들이 대학사회에 요구하는 실무형 인력육성을 위해 우리 대학들의 유형별 특성과 재학생들의 인적특성에 따른 취업지원만족도를 다양한 각도에서 비교 분석한 후 각 대학들이 지향해야할 취업지원인프라의 방향을 제시하는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 대학 소재지, 재학생 규모, 학교설립 유형 등 대학특성과 재학생 성별, 학년 등 재학생 인적특성으로 각각 구분하여 취업지원 만족도를 분석하는 방법으로 접근했다. 분석결과 지방소재 대학들이 수도권 소재 대학들 보다 인적 혹은 정보성 측면에서 부족한 점이 많지만 낮은 취업률을 극복하기 위하여 시설․기자재 등에 대한 지속적인 투자로 인하여 학생들의 만족도가 높다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 특히 사립대학이 국공립대학 보다 취업지원을 내실 있게 함으로써 학생들의 만족도가부분적으로 더 높다는 사실을 확인함으로써 사립대학에 비해 상대적으로 안정적인 환경인 국공립대학의 취업지원서비스 강화에 대한 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 또한 규모에 따른 만족도의 차이가 크지 않고 취업지원에서 있어서 학교 규모에 따른 장점과 단점을 함께 지니고 있는 만큼 재학생 규모가 큰 학교와 작은 학교 간에는 상호 취업지원과 관련한 벤치마킹이 요구된다. 그리고 여학생들의 취업지원만족도가 남학생에 비해 낮은 만큼 여학생에 대한 지속적인 취업지원이 요구되며 저학년에 비해 고학년의 취업지원만족도가 낮은 만큼 저학년의 기대수준을 충족시켜 줄 수 있는 보다 내실 있는 취업지원인프라 구축이 요구된다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 기업들의 공개채용시 수도권 대학과 지방대학, 국공립대학과 사립대학, 여학생과 남학생 등 경쟁력평가와 채용규모 배분, 취업진로인프라 지원 그리고 대학에서 배출하는 실무형 인력채용을 위해 우리 기업들이 대학사회를 바라보는 다양한 관점을 이해하는 데 유용한 정보를 줄 것으로 판단된다

The purpose of this study is to suggest a method of employment service to produce recent college graduates needed from the industrial world and improve employment competitiveness of domestic colleges after comparative analysis of the employment service satisfaction of domestic college students from various angles. For this, research divided information into colleges’ traits (type of foundation, scale of enrolled students, location etc.) and students’ traits (sex, grade etc.). Through investigation, first of all, colleges in the capital area have less satisfaction in employment service than those in the province. Because despite colleges in the capital area have more human resource and information than those in the province, colleges in the province are constantly investing facilities and materials for overcoming low employment rate. Consequently, colleges in the province have more satisfaction in employment service than those in the capital area. Secondly, public universities need to intensify the employment service because employment service is outstanding and the satisfaction of students is high in private universities comparing to those in public universities. We can find that private universities is trying to overcome an unfavorable environment comparing to public universities. Thirdly, Compared universities which have small size of enrolled students (less than 10,000 persons)to those have big scale (more than 10,000 persons), benchmarking each other is required for complementary employment services. Because there is a small difference of satisfaction whether the size is big or not. Moreover the pros and cons coexist. For example, types of program are advantage in universities of big scale as economy of scale. But the internal stability operating of program is advantage in universities which have small size of enrolled students. Fourthly, more attention to employment service for female students is required. That’s because girls’ employment service satisfaction rate is lower than that of boys. I think the reason is because of employment service program in universities is operating mainly for male students. Fifthly, employment service center should improve service program to meet the upper grades’ expectation owing to their lower employment service satisfaction. That’s because the upper grades’ expectation is high than the lower grades’ expectation. I think that the upper grades want more employment service for their employment than the lower grades. Sixthly, When Companies make a contract internship program with universities, corporations must do primarily priority to universities which employment service Infrastructure is outstanding for the effectiveness of internship program. Finally, When Companies make a train and educate human resources through internship program, corporations must do care contracting internship program for the sake of prestigious universities. It is very important for Balanced Regional Development and the prevention for superiority of universities. The result of this study will provide valuable information in order to understand universities when korea companies recruit the practice manpower employees from colleges in the capital area vs colleges in the province, public universities vs private universities, small size of enrolled students (less than 10,000 persons) vs big scale (more than 10,000 persons), female students vs male students. But this study has limitation that hypothesis is based on the background of field experience than it is based on advanced research. Further study on Analysis of Employment Service Infrastructure will be required.

본 연구는 신탁업이 최근 금융시장 및 부동산시장의 침체에 대한 해결책의 하나로 활발하게 논의되고 있는 것을 배경으로 신탁업이 이들 시장의 안정과 발전에 기여할 수 있는 방안을 실제 부동산 개발사례와 실증연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 주택건설에 부동산신탁회사(토지신탁회사)가 사업주체로 개입한 사업과 개입하지 않은 사업 중 어떤 것이 안정적인 사업수행을 하였는지의 여부와 주식시장에 미친 영향을 살펴봄으로써 신탁업이 부동산시장 안정 및 금융시장 안정에 도움이 되는지를 실증분석 하였다. 2008년 글로벌 금융위기 이후 신탁업이 시공회사와 금융기관에게 안정적인 사업진행 방식으로 각광받고 있으나 실제 주택사업 및 이후 금융시장에 어느 정도 안정성에 기여하고 있는지 객관적으로 분석한 자료는 전무한실정이다. 연구결과 부동산신탁의 특성상 고유의 계정과 분리하여 진행하는 독립된 성격의 토지신탁은 기타 사업에 비해 사업의 안정적인 진행 및 준공에 대하여 긍정적인 결과를 가져왔다. 또한 신탁을 통한 부동산 사업이 금융시장 안정에도 일조를 한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 부동산 PF 사업진행시 토지신탁 상품은사고율을 줄여줄 수 있으며, 사고 시에도 금융․건설․기타 관련 경제시장에 상대적으로 더 안정적임을 실증적인 분석을 통하여 입증하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 향후 부동산시장 및 금융시장 활성화를 위하여 시사점을 주고 있으며, 부동산신탁을 연구하는 학자․실무자들에게 좋은 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다

In light of the recent interest in the trust business as a potential solution for the depressed real estate market, we examine how the trust business could contribute to stability and development of the real estate market by implementing real estate development case studies and empirical research. To do this we investigate housing construction projects to see whether construction projects in charge by real estate trust companies had better stability in the construction process, and empirically analyzed whether the trust business helped to stabilize the real estate market and relieved stress in the financial markets. The trust business has received attention from construction companies and financial companies since the 2008global financial crisis as a means to enhance the stability of a building project, but there is no objective analysis on how it contributes to the stability of the project. As shown in the research, the purpose of reviewing the real estate trust sector impact on the stability of the financial market and real estate market is that real estate market’s stability influences the output of a construction company and cash flow, and accordingly can have a significant relationship with the wealth of investors participating in the stock market. For this reason, the economical purpose that the real estate trust possesses from the both market was highlighted by investigating the price index of the related financial market when real estate business is not in progress as planned and common features of an accidental company where contractors went bankrupt, a stock value of the accidental company. Moreover, the frequency of business approach of land trust in case of progressing real estate business due to requests from contractors and financial institutions is increasing gradually, and accordingly, the necessity of a stable business progress certification of land trust is rising. There has been a rapid improvement in a short time since real estate trust system is adopted in 1991 until 1997. Currently, trust companies are competing with stock firms and Asset management firms, which are financial investment firms by the same law, having the Trust Business Act, the Securities and Exchange Act and the Indirect Investment Asset Management Business Act merged into The Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. However, although Asset Management Association, Stock Business Association, Futures Trading Association and Trust Business Association are integrated and attached to Financial Investment Association as the Capital Markets Act became effective, due to the fact that there is still no public obligation regarding real estate development, it is difficult to gain objective resources about housing development business. Resources needed for the research are based on that Korea Housing Guarantee issued a certification regarding housing business for 4 years, from 2007 to 2010, and total 2,193 housing business is chosen as samples. Also, for the stock market data and contractor’s financial status, resource from Korea Enterprise Data is used. In comparison with the existing research addressing the stability by referring the real estate trust to a single independent factor, but also based on theory. This research shows that the influence of housing market's risk on financial market is usually significant, and that there is a correlation of a strike due to contractors’ kick-out problem and saving bank’s PF loan problem, which were big issues recently. Also, a need of consideration of cash flow of the implementor who works on housing business as one of the prevention to real estate accidents, is a remarkable result from the research. This suggests the fact that the use of land trust while progressing a housing business is better for stability improvement of comprehensive housing market and financial market. Also, recently increasing real estate trusts’ upward market share and increase in business consignment can be a realistic basis of it. It can be said that theoretical concept that when progressing a business with a trust, trust firms can take an inspector role that inspects for a stable construction and conducts construction costs through clear funds execution, is verified via positive analysis. As a result, we find that the real estate trust, given its independent characteristics as a separate account, brought positive results to stability of the building process compared to other businesses. We suggest that the land trust could reduce accident rates in real estate PF projects and may also add to the stability in financial, construction and other markets even in the case of an accident. The results of this research give implications for potential stimulation of property market and financial market in the future, and may also be used as a good source of information for scholars and researchers studying real estate trust.

변화하는 환경에 조직이 적응하면서 지속적으로 성장 및 발전하기 위해서는 조직구성원들의 혁신적 행동이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 구성원들의 혁신적 행동에 조직공정성 및 지식공유가 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 조직공정성의 구성 차원을 분배, 절차, 대인, 정보 공정성으로 구분하여 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 아울러, 지식공유를 매개변수로 설정하여 그 효과성을 검증하였다. 실증분석을 위한 자료 수집은 27개 업체 종업원 595명을 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통해 이루어졌으며, 결측치를 다수 포함하거나 불성실한 설문지를 제외한 505부의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 조직공정성의 네 가지 구성차원들은 모두 조직구성원들의 지식공유에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지식공유는 조직구성원들의 혁신적 행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 지식공유는 분배공정성, 대인공정성, 정보공정성과 구성원의 혁신적 행동 간 관계를 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 이론적․실무적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 조직구성원들이 지각하는 조직공정성과 지식공유가 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동을 촉진하는 선행요인임을 제시하였다. 둘째, 기존의 조직공정성 연구가 전통적인 조직유효성 관련 변수들인 조직몰입, 직무만족, 조직시민행동과의 관련성을 중심으로 이루어진 반면에, 본 연구는 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 진행하였다. 특히, 조직공정성과 혁신적 행동 간의 관계에 미치는 지식공유의 매개효과를 검증함으로써, 조직공정성이 어떠한 과정을 통해 혁신적 행동에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 실무적 측면에서 경영자들이 조직구성원의 혁신적 행동을 촉진하기 위해서는 조직공정성의 제고뿐만 아니라 조직구성원의 지식공유 수준도 높일 수 있도록 더욱 노력하여야 함을 시사한다

In order for organizations to maintain sustainable growth adjusting to changing environment innovative behaviors are required to organizational members. This study purports to shed light on how shared knowledge and organizational justice affect the innovative behaviors of the members. This research has been thoroughly analyzed and conducted regarding the impacts on the innovative behaviors of organizational members by dividing the compositional dimensions of organizational justice into four sub-dimensions such as distributional justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, and informational justice. Futhermore, by setting knowledge sharing as the mediated variable, we have verified the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. 595 employees of 27 businesses were surveyed to compile data for empirical analysis. 505 copies of survey answers, excluding those with missing values, inconsistency, or questions left blank, were analyzed. Such empirical findings of this research can be summarized as follows. First, all of four compositional dimensions in organizational justice have positive effects on the innovative behaviors of organizational members. Therefore, it seems that distributional justice, procedural justice, and interpersonal justice play a positive role in encouraging the members to share knowledge. Second, research has shown that such knowledge sharing has positive impacts and positively correlated with innovative behaviors of organizational members. Even though the level of sharing knowledge has a considerable effect on innovative behavior, which is prerequisite for organizational innovation, few domestic papers have studied it through empirical analysis. In this sense, this study is meaningful in that it has proved that raising awareness of organizational justice and sharing knowledge is important to promote the members’ innovative behaviors. Third, our research has also indicated that knowledge sharing plays a mediating role in the relationship between distributional justice, interpersonal justice, informational justice and the innovative behavior of organizational members. Theoretical and practical implications of this research would be written as follows. First, this study has shown that knowledge sharing and organizational justice perceived by members are catalytic antecedents which promote the innovative behavior among members. Moreover, pre-existing studies on organizational justice has been relatively focused more on the several variables related to the traditional organizational effectiveness such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction and organization citizenship behavior by organizational members. In particular, It is noteworthy to mention that this research has clarified how organizational justice has the effects on the innovative behavior through the verification process of knowledge sharing as the mediated effects which influences the relationship between organizational justice and the innovative behavior. The conclusion extracted from this study strongly urges that, in a practical manner, the management should encourage to improve in knowledge sharing as well as organizational justice in order to stimulate the innovative behavior among organizational members.

국제관광에서 관광목적지 선택속성을 파악하는 것은 관광객 유치를 위해 효과적이다. 관광목적지 선택 시 고려요인 등의 파악은 관광 마케터들에게는 수익과 연결될 수 있기 때문이다. 최근 한류의 영향으로 아시아국가의 방한 관광객이 증가하고 있고 정부도 동남아 관광객 유치를 위해 많은 관심을 기울이고 있다. 이러한 추세에 맞추어 본 연구는 베트남 국민이 관광목적지로서 한국을 선택할 때 어떠한 선택속성의 영향을 받아 한국을 관광하고자 하는지를 분석하였다. 조사는 베트남 현지에서 호치민과 하노이 국민을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과를 통해 베트남 잠재 관광객의 선택속성을 도출하였고 도출된 선택속성과 한국관광의도와의 관계를 분석하였다. 주요 분석결과로 베트남 국민의 한국 선택속성은 ‘선진기술체험’(기업 및 정부주관 박람회, IT 등 선진기술 체험관, 한국의 의료관광), ‘관광자원매력성’(아름다운 자연경관, 뚜렷한 사계절, 축제 및 이벤트, 역사적 유물 및 유적지, 스포츠 등 다양한 레크리에이션), ‘한류/쇼핑체험’(한류, 쇼핑의다양성), ‘관광지편의성’(숙박시설의 편의성, 여행비용, 관광지의 안전성, 관광지의 물가)의 4개 요인으로 분석되었다. 선택속성과 한국 관광의도 인과관계에서 1년 이내에 한국 관광을 희망하는 집단은 선진기술체험과 관광자원매력성을 한국 선택의 중요한 요인으로 생각하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 베트남 관광객 유치를위해 마케팅적으로 유용한 정보를 제공할 것이다

Analysing tourists’ selective attributes about their travel destination in an international tourism field was essential for marketers in the destination marketing. According to the trend of strong Korean wave and the government policy of attracting tourists in East Asia, the purpose of this paper is to analyze selective attributes influencing on behavioral intention of Vietnamese tourists in choosing their preferred tourist destination. For achieving goal of this, the literatures related to the importance of selective attributes in tourism industry, types of selective attributes influencing on tourist behavioral intention were reviewed. As shown in the previous studies, most selective attributes have influenced tourists’ satisfaction and behavioral intenti on. By reviewing available studies, selective attributes as the influential factors to choose Korea were identified. In this paper, we dealt with 2 problems: These are ‘How to constitute Vietnamese selective attribute to choose Korea?’ and ‘What relationship between the selective attributes and the tourist behavioral intention into Korea of Vietnamese?’. The questionnaire suggested in this study was constructed with 22 indicates of selective attributes to choose Korea, one indicated of tourist behavioral intention, and five indicated of demographic statistic characteristics. This survey studied 402 participants among 450 people who live in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam. Principal component analyses was used to determine the common underlying dimension of the selective attributes of Korea. The result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant, which showed non-zero correlation existed. The overall degree of reliability was above 0.900, which was well above the recommended threshold of sampling adequacy at the minimum of 0.50. These two tests suggested that the data was suitable for an exploratory factor analysis. At an analysis of causality, since tourist behavioral intention was measured by bivariate variable, a logistic regression modeling was used to analyze Vietnamese’ behavioral intention to choose Korea. The results of this survey show selective attributes of Vietnamese latent tourists to choose Korea and correlation of selective attributes and behavioral intention. First, factors of selective attribute can be categori zed into four main constructs: the advanced technology experience, the attraction for resources of Korean tourism, the experience of shopping and Korean wave, the convenience of tourist attraction. Second, among them two factors-the advanced technology experiences and the attraction for resources of tourism-influence Vietnamese’ tourist behavioral intention of Korea in less than a year. This study provides practical implications especially for the tourism industry suppliers of Korea to attract Vietnamese latent tourist into Korea. It is expected that industrial tourism which shows superiority of Korean enterprises will be getting popular to Vietnamese tourists. Also, climatic condition of Korea can attract them to visit Korea due to the fact that Vietnam is tropic region but Korea has four seasons. Especially, in Autumn, we can recommend them a colorful mountain, in winter, we can suggest them to go skiing.