Earticle

최근 서비스 연구에서 대두되고 있는 흐름인 서비스 지배논리(Service-dominant logic)는 서비스 가치향상에 기여하는 공동생산자(co-creator)로서의 서비스고객 역할에 대한 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서비스기업의 측면에서 통제가 가능한 서비스 접점을 크게 3가지 차원(서비스 제공자, 물리적 환경, 다른 고객)으로 제시하였다. 고객들은 이 3개의 차원과 상호작용을 통해 서비스에 대한 공정성을 인식하게 되며 서비스의 공정성에 대한 평가를 바탕으로 고객은 서비스의 참여행동여부를 결정하고 서비스 접점에 대한 만족을 형성하게 된다. 연구에서 설문조사를 실시한 대형병원은 서울 소재의 주요 대학병원으로 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서비스 제공자와의 상호작용은 서비스 고객의 상호작용 공정성 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 물리적 환경과 고객의 상호작용은 고객의 분배, 절차 공정성과 유의적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 다른 고객과의 상호작용은 절차 공정성인식을 고취시키는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분배 공정성, 절차공정성 및 상호작용 공정성에 대한 서비스 고객의 평가는 고객의 참여행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 서비스 고객의 참여행동과 서비스 접점에 대한 만족간에는 유의적인 정(＋)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

A recent significant change in business markets involves the increasing involvement of customers in new product development and service delivery processes. Encouraging customer participation may represent the next frontier in competitive effectiveness, and it reflects a major shift from a good-centered to a service-centered marketing logic. This new service-dominant logic views customers as proactive co-creators rather than as passive receivers of value and views companies as facilitators of the value co-creation process rather than as producers of standardized value. Therefore, a large body of marketing literature has focused on customer participation, creating a host of issues that require exploration. To increase our understanding of the positive sides of customer participation, it is essential to identify the leading factors of service customer participation in the service delivery process. Thus, this study examines how the service encounter dimension(service provider, physical surroundings, and other customers) influences different types of service customer’s perceived justice in a service environment, as well as the effect such justice perceptions might have on a customer’s willingness to participate in the service process, which increases service encounter satisfaction. In many services, customers themselves have vital roles to play in delivering and producing services and ultimately enhancing and detracting from their own satisfaction received. Thus, services outcomes cannot help being influenced by customers’ participation in service settings. The relationship between customers’ participation in the service delivery process and their subsequent satisfaction or perceptions of service quality has received much less attention than has each of these concepts separately. It is well known that customers’ satisfaction is directly related to what and how customers themselves contribute to service quality. Therefore, it should be said that customer participation has an impact on customer satisfaction. However, the fact that customer participation may have important effects on customer satisfaction has not been specified clearly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of consumers’ service justice perception and participation behavior on relationship quality and relationship performance. To this end, 427 customers of major university hospitals in Korea were interviewed and asked to complete a questionnaire. Measurement properties and hypotheses are evaluated using multistep structural equation modeling with LISREL 8.53. A two-stage data analysis is performed to assess measurement quality of the constructs and test the proposed model and hypotheses. In the first stage, a confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) is performed to assess the measurement model. In the second stage, a series of structural path models is fitted to test the hypotheses. The results indicate that service provider has a significant effect on customers’ perceived interactional justice. We also found that physical surroundings have positive effects on distributive and procedural justice. Other customers have an effect on service customers’ procedural justice perception. Finally, the results indicate that customer participation in service delivery is an important mediator between customers’ justice perception and service encounter satisfaction. This study provides managerial implications on how to manage different dimensions of service encounter to increase customer participation via customer justice perceptions. To enhance positive outcomes, service organizations need to provide more customer-oriented service and increase customer justice perception for better performance, especially customer participation and satisfaction. This research also has various limitations. First, the study was conducted in a single service context. The level of customer participation will vary due to the type of service. Future research could explore the generalizability of the findings to other contexts. Second, the findings from this study have a cross-sectional design. Therefore it is not possible to draw conclusions about the causal relationships among the study variables. Longitudinal study designs are needed to examine the proposed processes.

개도국 해외투자 입지 결정 요인을 실증 분석한 뒤 이 모델에 근거해서 지난 20년간 여타 개발도상국들과 비교하여 중국으로의 거대한 해외직접투자 유입이 초과 유입이었는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 입지요인인 피투자국 시장규모, 경제 발전 정도, 경제성장율, 인적자본의 질, 경제의 개방도, 현지시장 매력요인의 대위변수인 현재 외국인 투자 유치액등은 해외투자 유치에 정의 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 수정된 중력 모형에서 중요변수인 피투자국의 모든 투자국들로 부터의 상대적인 시장가중치를 감안한 원격성은 낮을수록 해외투자 유치가 활발한 것으로 나타나고 있어 거래비용이나 현지시장 친숙도가 중요한 해외투자 고려 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 중국이 상기의 입지요인과 중력모형에서 사용된 원격성 요인을 감안한 모델에 근거하여서도 다른 개발 도상국가 들에 비해 절대적인 해외직접투자 유치액이 제일 큼에도 불구하고 상대적인 초과 해외 유치 정도는 그렇게 크지 않다는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다.

Since the 1990s and especially after China's accession to the WTO in 2001, China has become one of the most favored destinations for FDI. There are increasing concerns that China's FDI success has been excessive, thereby crowding out FDI inflows into other developing countries. This study is designed to investigate and answer three key questions. What are the location determinants of FDI inflows into developing countries? How China's emergence as a destination for FDI is affecting the ability of other countries to attract FDI? Has China really received excessive FDI inflows from the world?To answer this question we proposed and tested empirically a modified gravitiy model that includes host country locational determinants, gravity link variable and home country control variable. This paper has offered answers to this question by testing the hypothesis based on the location advantages of the OLI framework explaining FDI. In introducing the problems that author address, I assert the usefulness of modified gravity model. The basic idea underlying the gravity model is that interaction between two area is a function of the concentration of relavant variables in the two areas, and of the distance between them. The biggest advantage of our modified gravity model is to use remoteness instead of the absolute distance as the distance factor. Remoteness takes account of a country's geographic position relative to the rest of the world. In this study, in presenting the specified determinants of the country distribution of FDI inflows from all source countries into developing host countries, we shall therefore classify the determinants as source country variables, host country variables and linkage variables. The empirical study of the distribution of FDI inflows into developing countries by focusing on the host country location factors has demonstrated that, given the ownership the ownership advantages and the internalization advantages of the source countries, the location advantages of host countries are very important in determining the distribution of the magnitude of FDI inflows among developing countries. The main findings are: countries with a larger market size, faster economic growth, higher per capita income, higher quality of human capital, higher level of foreign stock and more liberalized economic regime attracted relatively more FDI inflows. Finally based upon our empirical model, China's relative performance in attracting FDI inflows was at a level only moderately above its potential. In other words, China received it s fair share of FDI inflows from the world or at most marginally more than its potential for the past two decades. Relatively low crowding out effect of China FDI inflow on the other asian countries implies that host country should enhance environmental location advantages such as investment incentives and competitive market instead of looking for inward FDI enhancement factor outside host country.

본 연구는 총 차입부채 중 사적부채의 비중이 높은 기업의 당기 주가수익률은 사적부채의 비중이 낮은 기업의 당기 주가수익률보다 미래이익에 대한 정보를 적게 반영하고 있을 것이라는 가설을 설정하고 실증분석을 수행하였다. 사적부채와 공적부채는 회계이익의 질 및 회계정보의 신뢰성에 상이한 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 즉, 사적부채비율이 높은 기업은 회계정보의 신뢰성을 제고시킬 유인이 낮은 반면, 공적부채비율이 높은 기업은 회계정보의 질 및 회계이익의 질을 개선시킬 유인이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 회계이익의 정보적 가치는 주가의 정보효과를 통하여 포착되는데, 이러한 주가의 정보효과는 당기의 주가수익률에 반영된 미래이익에 대한 정보의 양으로 측정할 수 있다. 이러한 점에서 기업의 이익유연화 수준이 높고, 자율공시 수준 및 회계이익의 질(발생액의 질)이 높은 기업일수록 미래이익반응계수는 증가하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 사적부채비중이 높은 기업일수록 당기 주가수익률에 반영된 미래이익에 대한 정보의 양은 작게 나타날 것이고, 공적부채비중이 높은 기업일수록 당기 주가수익률에 반영된 미래이익에 대한 정보의 양은 크게 나타날 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구의 연구방법론은 Tucker와 Zarowin(2006)에 따라 분석하였다. 2002-2009년 기간 동안 금융업을 제외한 유가증권시장 상장법인을 대상으로 실증분석을 수행한 결과, ‘사적부채/(사적부채+공적부채)’로 측정한 사적부채비중의 회귀계수는 유의한 음(-)의 값을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사적부채비중(공적부채비중)이 높은 기업의 당기 주가수익률이 사적부채비중(공적부채비중)이 낮은 기업의 당기 주가수익률보다 미래이익에 대한 정보를 적게(많이) 반영하고 있는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구는 부채의 특성이 회계이익의 질 및 회계정보의 신뢰성에 미치는 영향이 체계적으로 차이가 날 수 있고, 투자자는 이러한 부채특성에 따라 투자기업의 미래이익을 차별적으로 인식한다는 시사점을 제공한다는 점에서 공헌점이 있다고 판단되어 진다. 또한 기업의 정보환경(기업규모), 이익변동성 그리고 회계이익의 질에 추가적으로 부채의 특성이 미래이익반응계수에 영향을 미친다는 증거를 제공한다는 측면에서 본 연구의 기여점이 있다고 판단된다.

This study investigates whether the types of debt financing (i.e., private debt versus public debt) are associated with Future Earnings Response Coefficient(hereafter FERC). Prior studies on the types of debt financing suggest that the private debt and public debt have differential effects on firms' earnings quality. In other words, private debt ratio is negatively associated with earnings quality. But public debt ratio is positively associated with earnings quality. We posit that FERC for firms with high private debt ratio will be lower than FERC for firms with low private debt ratio. There is little prior evidence linking types of debt financing to FERCChun et al.(2011) reports that firms with more public debts are less likely to engage in earnings management when compared to firms with higher private debts. Bharath et al.(2008) suggests that earnings quality affects debt contracting. Park(2013) also reports that debt financing is positively associated with audit fee. Although the types of debt financing have been widely documented, their effect on stock returns(FERC) is largely unknown. Prior studies on FERC suggest that high earnings smoothing, high earnings quality and high voluntary disclosure level are associated with more informative stock price about future earnings. Tucker and Zarowin(2006) find that returns of higher-smoothing firms contain more information about future earnings. Choi et al.(2011) reports that FERC is higher for management forecasting firms and when forecasts are more frequent or precise. In particular, Haw et al.(2012) reports that high earnings quality improves information user’s ability to predict current and future performance of firms. Thus, we expect the types of debt financing to be associated with FERC. We followed methodology of Tucker and Zarowin(2006). After controlling for variables related with FERC as reported in Choi et al.(2011) and Haw et al.(2012), the regression coefficient for private debt ratio(private debt/(private debt+public debt)) shows a statistically significant negative sign. The empirical results are consistent with the prediction of the research hypothesis. Three additional tests have been performed. First following Chun et al.(2011), separate variables for private and public debt were examined in the Tucker and Zarowin(2006) model. The coefficients for interaction terms showed significant positive(negative) sign for bond(loan). Second, firms with both types of debt were tested using our main model. The results were qualitatively consistent with our main results. Lastly, we regressed current return on residuals obtained by regressing private debt ratio on earnings quality proxy. This proxy measures unique information of private debt after controlling for the effect of earnings quality on private debt. The results following this procedure produced qualitatively similar results. We find that current stock returns of firms with high private debt ratio(private debt/(private debt+public debt)) contain less information about their future earnings than current stock returns of firms with low private debt ratio. The results of this study suggest the following implications. First, types of debt affect earnings quality differentially. Second, investors recognize the impact of the debt type difference on FERC. Lastly, the types of debt contracts influence investor’s portfolio selection decisions. This paper contributes to the types of debt financing literature by providing evidence that high private debt ratio is negatively related to FERC.

2008년 리만브라더스(Lehman Brothers) 파산으로 촉발된 글로벌 금융시장의 불안정성 심화로 인해 한국 주식시장에서는 2008년 10월 1일부터 공매도가 금지되었다. 그 후 주식시장과 시장 변동성이 안정됨에 따라서 2009년 6월 1일부터 비금융주에 대한 공매도 금지가 해제되었으나, 금융주에 대한 공매도 금지는 2013년 11월 14일에야 시행되었다. 본 연구는 공매도 금지 해제공시가 주가와 거래량에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 금융위원회의 금융주 공매도 금지 해제 공시일인 2013년 11월 13일을 기준으로 주가와 거래량의 변동을 살펴보았다. 사건연구를 활용한 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 금융주 공매도 금지의 해제 공시일을 기준으로 금융주의 주가와 거래량을 살펴본 결과, 첫째, 공매도 금지의 해제 공시일 전후의 금융주의 수익률은 시장수익률보다 낮았다. 둘째, 비정상누적초과주가수익률은 기업의 규모와는 양(+)의 관계를 가지며, 시장에 대한 민감도는 음(-)의 관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 공매도 금지의 해제 공시일 전후의 금융주의 거래량은 시장 거래량 대비 상대적으로 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 금융주의 주가하락으로 인하여 거래량이 위축되어 있는 상황이 반영된 것으로 해석된다. 본 연구는 기존의 연구와 달리 공매도 제한이 주식시장 전체가 아닌 일부 산업에 국한된 상황에서 공매도 금지 해제공시가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 대상으로 공매도 금지 해제 이후 주가와 거래량의 변화를 사건연구 방법을 활용하여 분석한 것은 시장참여자에 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다.

This paper investigates whether stock market reactions are affected by the announcement of financial market policy such as short sale ban abolishment and this announcement effect are affected by financial risks of the firms. As a result, we find that the deregulation policy such as short-selling ban abolishment is significantly related to the market value changes and firm's risk. Short-selling in South Korea was banned in October 1, 2008 in response to increased level of uncertainty and instability in the financial market sparked by the filing of Chapter 11 by Lehman Brothers Holdings Incorporated in September 15, 2008. However, the stabilization of volatility and uncertainty in the financial market restored the legality of short-selling of non-financial shares on 1st of June 2009. Also the short-selling ban was lifted on financial shares in November 14, 2013. We set the short-selling ban abolishment has significant effects on the market value of equity as the main hypothesis. Also, we consider that these effects are influenced by firm characteristics such as size and leverage. In order to test the hypothesis, we analyze announcement effects on the abolishment of short-selling ban on financial shares by observing the share prices and traded volumes in Korean stock market(November 13, 2013). Policy change in Korean financial market has good characteristics that are suitable to examine the value of equity of the firms following environmental policy changes. The empirical analysis is conducted through a normal event study. This study analyzes the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of fifty financial firms that have implemented abolishment in 2013 and investigates the effect on stock price. The time horizon sets the announcement date as an event date and observes the performance of 10 days prior and after the disclosure date. The empirical results are summarized as follows: First, we find that the performances, measured in the rate of return, of financial shares under-perform the market. Second, the cumulative abnormal returns show positive relations with the size of the company but exhibit negative relations with the level of risk(beta). Third, the total trading volumes of financial shares are less than the market volume before and after the announcement date. These results are consistent with the view that the decrease in the expected rate of return due to policy change is more pronounced as the financial risk of the firm increases. Our results suggest that the depreciation of financial share prices is attributable for the decline in volume. Our research contributed to analyzing the effect of short sale ban abolishment which implemented in 2013 comparing the result of short sale ban from 2008. This paper differentiated the previous study since we analyze the market reaction following deregulation using short-selling ban abolishment. Furthermore, we show the firm based results focusing on financial industry, which is the first empirical study in Korea. The results of this research can be used as an important reference by policy-making and supervisory authority for developing the efficiency of designated market trading system in the financial market.

본 연구는 1998년부터 2012년까지 거래소에 상장되어 있는 비금융 기업을 대상으로 노동조합과 노동조합의 주요 협상 대상이라고 할 수 있는 노조가입 정도, 임금수준, 종업원 증가가 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 최근까지 노동조합과 임금, 노동조합과 고용에 관해서는 많은 연구결과가 발표되었으나, 노동조합의 존재 유무와 노동조합의 역할 관련 변수들이 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한 종합적인 실증연구는 다소 미흡하였다. 기업가치에 영향을 미치는 개별기업의 다양한 재무와 인사 데이터의 패널 분석 결과는 첫째, 노동조합의 존재는 기업가치에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 노조가입자 수가 많을수록 기업가치에는 부정적 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 종업원의 임금수준은 기업가치에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 마지막으로, 종업원 수의 증가정도는 기업가치에 긍정적 영향을 미친다. 추가분석을 통하여 전체기업을 유노조기업과 무노조기업을 나누어 분석한 경우에도 동일한 결과를 얻었다. 강건성 검증을 위해 주요 독립변수들의 전기 값을 이용하고, 유가증권시장 상장기업과 코스닥시장 상장기업을 나누어 분석하여도 비록 설명력은 다소 떨어지지만 유사한 결과를 얻었다. 결과적으로, 노조의 존재는 기업가치에 긍정적인 측면으로 작용한다. 노조의 영향력에 의해 고용이 안정되고 임금이 상승하게 되면, 인적자원에 대한 효율적인 운용으로 기업의 생산성이 증가하고 결국 기업가치가 높아진다. 높아진 기업가치는 종업원 신규 채용으로 이어져 긍정적인 선순환의 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다. 다만, 노조가입비율이 너무 높아지는 경우 노조의 지나친 경영 개입을 우려하는 투자자들의 정서에 영향을 끼쳐 기업가치에는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how labor unions affect firm values using the panel regression analysis. Our study was motivated by a recent article of "The World's Worst Countries For Workers" published by ITUC(International Trade Union Confederation) on May 19, 2014. The article granted Korea the level 5, 'No guarantee of rights,' out of possible five levels. The 23 countries including Korea, which received the level 5, are China, India, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and others. The low rating is not a surprise because Korean workers have worked for the second longest hours next to Mexico among 34 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) member countries. After reading the ITUC article, we become curious how Korea could sustain its economic growth rate under the current working environments. Recent literature on corporate social responsibility(CSR) suggests that firms with 'good job strategy' may outperform firms without. Good job strategy may be costly to firms in the short term, but in the long run, firms can benefit from the strategy. As more and more employees are satisfied with their jobs thanks to higher salary and/or better working environment, they would be highly motivated, resulting in better productivity. Most researches on workers compensation find a positive relationship between compensation and productivity. In this study, we examine the effects of labor unions' roles on firm values using the sample of non-financial Korean firms listed on Korea Exchange from 1998 to 2012. We are interested in labor unions' roles because the literature on labor unions has had mixed results in terms of firms' performance. We use the level of labor union affiliation employee compensation level, and employment growth rate as proxies for labor unions' roles. The literature on labor union has a rich history, but there is little comprehensive study on how union related variables affect firm values. Our major findings from panel regression analysis are as follows. First, whether a firm has a labor union or not positively affects its value. Second, the ratio of labor union affiliation negatively affects firm values. Third, the level of employee compensation has a positive effect on firm values. Last, employment growth rate has a positive impact on firm values as well. Additionally, we separate our sample into two groups: one with a union and the other without a union, and find the similar results. Our results may imply the virtuous cycle nature of CSR: employees feel good about their job security thanks to the labor union, they receive reasonable compensation based on their skill sets, firms manage their human capital more efficiently so as to improve productivity, firms increase their values, with the increased capital, they can hire more skilled-employees by providing better compensation, then employees are satisfied with their jobs, which in turn generates better productivity. However, there is a caveat, though. An English idiom says "Too many cooks spoil the stew." It means, when you have too many people trying to make important decisions, then you usually have very little results. We can apply it to firms' management process. If the level of union participation exceeds certain threshold, it can have a negative effect on firm values because of the concern about union's heavy involvement in firms' management.

경영학 분야에서는 50개의 기관(학회 46곳, 대학부설연구소 4곳)에서 등재(후보)지를 발간하고 있을 정도로 많은 학술지가 난립하고 있는 상황에서 본 연구는 기업경영연구의 지식의 선순환 구조를 구축하기 위해 공동연구 네트워크에서 지식의 흐름을 파악하였다. 분석을 위해 1994년~2012년 동안 기업경영연구에 게재된 논문 639편을 수집하였으며, 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 저자 네트워크 및 연구기관 네트워크를 구성한 후 각각의 네트워크에 대해 밀도, 평균 최단길이, 직경 등을 이용한 네트워크 구조 분석, 컴포넌트 분석, 연결정도 중심성 및 매개중심성을 이용한 중심성 분석을 통해 지식의 흐름을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 저자 네트워크 및 연구기관 네트워크는 비교적 좁은 세상 네트워크를 형성하고 있어, 평균적으로 6단계를 거치면 모두 연결되었다. 둘째, 기업경영연구에 논문을 게재하는 대다수 연구자들은 협업보다는 단독 연구를 수행하고 있다. 셋째, 기업경영연구는 초창기 부산지역을 중심으로 클러스터를 형성하다가 서울 및 경기도를 중심으로 클러스터가 이동하였다. 넷째, 연결정도 중심성 및 매개중심성은 초기 부산지역의 연구자가 높았지만, 등재지로 선정된 후 서울 및 경기도 지역의 연구자가 높았다. 따라서 기업경영연구가 지속적으로 발전 및 성장을 위해서는 지식의 선순환 구조를 구축하기 위해서는 연결정도 중심성과 매개중심성이 높은 저자 및 연구기관들과 소통할 수 있는 교류의 장을 마련할 필요가 있으며, 또한 전국적 규모의 학술지로 거듭나기 위해서는 부산, 서울, 경기도 중심을 탈피하여 강원도, 충청도, 전라도 지역의 연구자들을 한국기업경영학회의 임원으로 초빙하여 지역 거점을 형성할 필요가 있다.

There are filled with accredited journals and candidated journals which are published by 46 societies and 4 university research institutes in the management field. In these circumstances, it is important to create a virtuous circle of sharing and diffusing knowledge through socialization of knowledge, externalization of knowledge, combination of knowledge, and internalization of knowledge for the sustainable growth of Korean Corporation Management Review. So network analysis of research collaborations in Korean Corporation Management Review is useful to create a virtuous circle because researchers and research facilities participated in the collaboration research network not only share the ideas and the techniques of the research but also influence other researchers and other research facilities. In this paper, we analyzed the flow of knowledge in the collaborative research network of Korean Corporation Management Review. Our research methodology consisted of the following three steps. In the first step, we collected author data and research facility data from articles which is published in Korean Corporation Management Review from 1994 to 2012, and then we built 2 matrices called 2 mode data . One is comprised of articles and authors. The other is comprised of articles and research facilities. In the second step, we transformed 2 mode data to 1 mode data called adjacency matrix for the construction of the co-authorship network and co-research facility network, respectively. In the last step, we performed 3 analyses on each network. One is the structure analysis which is an analysis for computing degree, density, diameter and so on in the network level. Another is the component analysis which is an analysis for searching strongly connected sub-network. And the other is the centrality analysis which is an analysis for computing degree centrality and the betweenness centrality in the node level. Through the network analysis, the results were as follows; First, co-authorship network and co-affiliation network formed small-worlds because average diameter of two networks is less than 6 from 1994 to 2012. Second, lots of researchers of the collaborative research network in Korean Corporation Management Review worked alone rather than in collaborative teams. Third, Busan formed an important research region in the early years since Korean Corporation Management Review was first issued in 1994. But, Seoul and Gyeonggi Province became the core of the research clusters after Korean Corporation Management Review was selected as accredited journal by National Research Foundation of Korea. Fourth, degree centrality and betweenness centrality of researchers in Busan were high in the early years but those in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province were high later. From the our results, we found several implications for he sustainable growth of Korean Corporation Management Review. First, Korean Corporation Management Association need to serve as the useful platform for promoting the communication with the authors who have the high degree centrality or high between centrality to boost collaborative researches. Second, Korean Corporation Management Association need to accept good researchers who live in Gangwon Province, Chungcheong Province, and Jeonna Province as board members to grow a society nationwide in its scope. We expect the results will contribute to the sustainable growth of Korean Corporation Management Review.

기업 집단 소속 계열사들 간에는 주가 상호 간에 영향을 미치는 정보전이효과가 존재한다. 본 연구는 지주회사 전환에 따른 소유지분관계의 변화가 소속 계열사들의 주가 의존성에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 실증 결과는 지주회사 전환 시 소속 계열사 간 정보전이효과가 이전보다 강화되는 것을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 지주회사 소속 기업 간 최저 보유지분이 큰 폭으로 상승하여 성과의 의존성이 높아진 결과로 볼 수 있다. 추가 분석으로서 지주회사 미편입 기업들을 별도로 분석한 결과에서는 전환 전후에 정보전이효과의 차이를 발견하지 못하였다. 또한 지주회사 중 재벌 소속 기업의 경우는 정보전이효과의 강화 정도가 상대적으로 작았는데, 이는 재벌계 지주회사에 대한 감독당국의 감시가 강화되면서 독립경영을 촉진한 결과로 해석된다. 연구 결과는 실무적으로 지주회사 전환으로 기업 집단 소속 계열사의 주식 가격의 상호의존성이 강화되면서 정책 목표인 독립경영 제고에 실패하였다는 정책적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 지주회사 제도는 향후 국내 기업 집단 정책의 주요한 대안이 되는 것을 고려할 때, 주식시장에서 계열사들의 독립경영을 약화시키는 부분은 제도 변화 등을 통한 개선 요구가 있음을 제안한다.

This study test policy effects of korean chaebols’ transformations into holding companies. A holding company is defined as a firm which hold enough shares in one or more other companies to be able to control the other companies. The regulation authorities on holding companies in korea, Korean Fair Trade Commission(KFTC) defines the requirements to be holding company in its Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act. A holding company defined by KFTC are required to meet the conditions which its asset is more than 100 billion korean won, and its holding ratio exceeds 50%. KFTC also allows to introduce a holding company since the year of 1999, motivated by the Asian Economic Crisis in 1997. In those times of the economic crisis, a bunch of chaebol firms had been suffered the consecutive being bankrupt derived by their pyramidal ownership structure. Korean government contrives to solve out the solutions in reforming the chaebols' concentrated governance structures driven by family-owned controlling shares. Those times, OECD also strongly recommends to adopt a holding companies system in korea to promote market transparency and restructuring of firms. For a long time, korean chaebols are under severe blames for their economic concentrations through their pyramidal ownership structures. A series of remedies or policies to transform chaebols' governance into holding companies are placed as one of the most important regulations to decentralize chaebols' economic powers. KFTC announces the policy goals of introducing a new governance structure, the holding companies as follows. First, holding company governance provides more simple and transparent governance structures. Second, the parent companies of any holding companies conglomerate group play their headquarter roles, thus become easier to clarify where the responsibility lies on most legal issues related to conglomerate group. Third, the independent governance structures of holding companies enable to restructure efficiently, through the channels of spin-offs or mergers. It is well known that the stock prices of group-affiliated firms are interdependently influenced by the information transition effects. This study explores how the change in cash flow rights after the transition of group-affiliated firms into holding companies influences the interdependent stock prices of such individual firms. The censoring period for this study rages from 1999 to 2013, and it focuses on only Korean Chaebol groups which became holding companies during the observation period. The resulting sample data consists of 1,072 affiliated firm by year cases. The results showed that the information transition effect on the individual stock prices among the group-affiliated individual firms was much stronger after than before the transition into holding companies. The results suggest that the increase in the interdependence on member firms’ stock prices might be caused because the required minimum amount in stock holding ratio largely increased among the group-affiliated member firms. A further analysis also shows that the information transition effect was not observed among the non-group affiliated firms. This study provided another interesting finding that the intensity of information transition effect after the transition into holding companies was relatively weak in Chaebol groups. This might result from the strict monitoring systems that the Korean Fair Trade Commission (KFTC) has implemented to enhance independence of management for the Chaebol group-related affiliated firms. With respect to practical implication, the results suggest that the transition into holding companies may strengthen the interdependence on the stock prices of the group-affiliated firms which in turn result in the failure in enhancing independence of management. Therefore, the introduction of new institutions may be needed to improve the separation of ownership and management of the group-affiliated individual firms, given that the importance of institutions or regulations for holding companies increases in the stock market over time.

본 연구의 목적은 쇠퇴한 복합쇼핑몰의 활성화 저해요소를 분석하고 활성화 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 복합쇼핑몰의 성공 및 실패 사례연구와 전문가집단 및 이해관계자를 대상으로 심층면접을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과가 제시하는 복합쇼핑몰의 활성화를 위한 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 쇼핑몰의 개발단계에서부터 전문적인 운영․관리회사의 선정과 참여를 제도화하고 쇼핑몰 운영·관리회사에 대한 검증절차와 이에 대한 면허·자격·허가의 구성요건과 책임을 강화하여야 한다. 둘째, 복합쇼핑몰 또는 대형 상업시설의 운영관리능력을 검증할 수 있는 국가자격제도를 정립함으로써 복합쇼핑몰에 적합한 체계적이고 전문성을 갖춘 인력의 확보방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 쇼핑몰 등 대형점포의 경우 관리인은 의무적으로 임대차계약의 체결당시 ‘제소전화해조서’에 대한 작성의무가 주어져야 한다. 단, 이러한 규정으로 인하여 임차인의 권리가 무분별하게 침해되지 않아야 한다. 넷째, 일정한 규모 이상의 쇼핑몰 등은 ‘상가재활성화충당금’ 을 제도적으로 징수할 수 있어야 한다. 단, 이에 대한 사용용도와 사용시점에 대한 기준을 명확히 하고 철저한 감사를 통해 사용되어질 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로, 제도적으로 관리비의 실질적 부담주체인 상인들에게 정기적인 감사권한을 부여함으로써 투명성을 제고하여야 한다. 본 연구는 쇼핑몰의 활성화 형태를 ‘일괄매각방식’, ‘일괄임대방식’, ‘국지적 변경방식’으로 나누고 있으며, 이러한 형태를 바탕으로 하여 본 연구결과가 제시하는 활성화 방안은 아래와 같다. 첫째, 구분소유자들의 적극적인 참여를 유도할 수 있는 기술적 방법이 필요하며 위임장 수령 시 재활성화를 고려한 충분한 기간이 명시되어야 한다. 둘째, 상인들에 대한 기술적인 명도방식이 필요하며 기존의 상인들에게 일정기간 관리비에 대한 면제혜택 등의 적절한 보상이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 재개발 비용을 집행할 수 있어야 한다. 집합건물법 제 47조(재건축 결의)조항에 대한 내용을 보다 세분화하여야 하고, 재활성화 비용납부에 제한이 있는 구분소유자에게 패널티를 줄 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 한다. 마지막으로, 현실적인 급여체계를 바탕으로 하여 전문관리인(전문경영인) 체제로의 변환이 필요하며, 전문경영인에 대한 철저한 성과주의 보상체제를 도입함으로써 업무의욕을 고취할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest revitalization ways with respect to multi shopping malls on the decline by analyzing the barriers to its revitalization. To do this, the study did case studies and in-depth interviews. The results of this study suggest several ways in terms of institutional improvements. First, the political and institutional agencies have to make institutional system to supervise that ‘professional operation company’ would be selected and participated in the development stage. Also, reinforced verification procedures was requested to supervise if the company has a license, qualifications, permissions and the responsibilities to operate it properly. Second, it is necessary to secure professional shopping mall experts by establishing a national qualification system to verify operation capabilities for shopping complex or larger commercial facilities. Third, this study proposes that legislator tries to revise procedures in “Act on the Ownership and Management of Aggregate Buildings” which define the operation and managerial decision procedures. The procedure would be revised, first, to be ‘principle of being present’ to have the rights to vote resolution procedures and decision events, second, to have obligation if the contact point - mobile phone number, address and so on - be changed. Special to the larger stores such as shopping mall, forth to my words, this study would try to give mandatory obligation of manager to write some kind of documents - “comprehensive mutual understanding and reconciliation (or mediation) before suit in law” at time of lease agreement Except the case of infringing tenant’ rights which is carefully secured. Finally, institutional obligation is written on the agreement among the owners in the larger stores, which is not defined in this paper but maybe be shopping mall. Based on the obligations, the money be collected and deposited on secured assets. That is similar to the allowance for re-activation of the building. But, the criteria for usage and timing be required and supervised by who is responsible for. Next to the fifth, tenants needs to have right to audit the documents which show how the expenses are collected by tenants, properly paid by operating company. Contrast to the intuitional issues, this study also have practical issues, the type of the ‘Selling and Buying” of shopping mall. In this study, three approaches for re-activating the shopping mall are suggested: sale a bulk, rent a batch, and partial changing approach. To use this approaches, it is required that technical method for partial owner to participate and that the terms specified for the enough re-activating period when one gets the power of attorney. Second, technical vacating (conditional agreement to transfer the rights to the president) method is required. And proper compensation which is the exemption for operating costs for a certain period and so forth, is designed for current partial owners. Third issue is more practical. Relevant development expense should be executed on proper condition. the legislator should try to revise 47th clause (redevelopment resolution) of complex building law to segment the details and impose the penalty to the partial owner who has limitation to pay re-activation cost. The forth and last issues are the transformation from current to professional manager system based on the realistic payment structure. Adopting performance incentive is also required to encourage their endeavors.

본 연구는 기업내 외국어 사용여부 및 활용이 실제로 임금과 이직의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 현재 기업의 상황에 기초하여 분석함으로써 외국어에 대한 투자의 ‘수익(return)’을 간접적으로 추정해 보고자 하였다. 분석결과 임금의 경우, 기업에서 외국어 사용여부와 업무상 외국어 활용정도가 임금에 대해 모두 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이직의도의 경우, 기업에서의 외국어 사용여부는 이직의도에 대해 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 업무에서 외국어 활용정도는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 선행연구들처럼 외국어에 대한 취업준비과정이 임금에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것뿐만 아니라 기업내 외국어 사용여부 및 활용정도에 있어서도 임금에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 보여주는 결과이다. 또한 보다 많은 외부노동시장에 대한 기회제공으로 이직의도를 높여 근로자 개인에게 노동시장에서 보다 많은 선택권을 확보할 수 있는 만큼 외국어 역량의 중요성이 재차 확인됐다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 개별 청년구직자 입장에서는 외국어 역량을 강화시키는 것이 필요하며 특히, 현업에서 외국어 활용정도가 높은 경우, 더욱 이 점에 유의해야 한다는 사실을 시사해주고 있다. 그리고 기업측면에서는 기업에서의 외국어 사용여부가 근로자 개인에게 노동시장에서 보다 많은 선택권을 확보 할 수 있게 해 줌으로써 이직의도를 높여줄 수 있으므로 외국어를 사용하는 인력들을 유지·확보하기 위해 보다 세심한 관리가 요구된다.

This study is to indirectly assume return on investment in foreign language learning by analyzing whether foreign language is used or not, and the amount of its usage in job environment. Positive influence was found between wage and whether foreign language is used or not and also between wage and whether it is widely used or not in job environment. Regarding separation intention, using foreign language or not was positively influential. However, whether foreign language is widely used or not in job environment didn't show significant influence. Previous studies analyzed this subject with foreign language skill in seeking a job such as whether to take the TOEIC test, the test score, English speaking capability, how much they prepare English tests in university, language training abroad. However, this study has been conducted to see how whether foreign language is used and how much to be used in companies have an effect on wage. Also in order to check how foreign language usage affects external labor market, how much they have an impact on separation intention has been analyzed. Like other previous studies, this research result shows that not only language learning as a part of job preparation significantly influences wage, but whether or not foreign language is used also influences wage. Furthermore, it raises separation intention promoted by extended job opportunity from labor market resulting in enhanced individual right of choice. It can be said that the importance of foreign language is reaffirmed. Therefore, it is necessary for individual job seekers to enforce foreign language capability. It also implies that especially when foreign language is widely used in job environment, individual employees should consider more about enhancing foreign language capability. And companies needs to care about workers speaking foreign languages to retain and employ them because whether foreign language is used for work gives the workers more chances to change their jobs. Although this study has positive meaning to use variables different from previous studies and go further by examining the separation intention, it has some drawbacks originating in its data attributes as followings. First, this study assumes that a company using foreign language always has workers speaking foreign language well, and used it as an independent variable. However, there are some workers not speaking foreign language well but working for the company where they have to speak foreign language. The reason why this study can't cover this issue is that the questionnaire doesn't have a question to analyze the foreign language capability like asking TOEIC test score. Second, This study has analyzed only the separation intention not how many people to change a job. That's because of one of flaws from the questionnaire as well. Besides, even though this study tries to control variables like whether to work for one company, no change in work place and business field, position, task, whether to be promoted directly related to wage and separation intention and even the extent of their influence, it has limited variables for checking how much subjects speak foreign language in company, which is collected by self-report. That's why there is high error probability regarding those variables. And in order to measure wage premium, this study cares about variables for example, human capital, profession, personal attribute. However, there is a possibility that whether foreign language is used and how much to be used can be overestimated because of ability variable missed in normal regression analysis. Lastly, concerning whether foreign language is used and how much to be used having an effect on labor market, this study is unable to see if it has a short-term or long-term effect due to limited data. So, if following researchers make up for this issue, it's expected that the effect can be analyzed precisely.

본 연구는 외국의 잡 크래프팅 척도를 한국어로 번안하여 척도의 요인구성을 확인하고 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. Slemp와 Vella-Brodrick(2013)이 개발한 잡 크래프팅 원척도(Job Crafting Questionnaire; JCQ)를 번역과 역번역 과정을 거쳐 한국판 잡 크래프팅 소명척도(JCQ-K) 15문항으로 완성하였고, 국내 다양한 기업에 종사하고 있는 직장인 259명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 수렴 및 변별 타당도 검증을 위해 조직시민행동, 역할명확성, 심리적 임파워먼트와 성취목표지향성과의 관계를 살펴보았고, 준거 타당도 검증을 위해 잡 크래프팅의 선행변인과 결과변인들과의 관계를 살펴보았다. 선행변인으로는 주도성과 소명의식을, 결과변인으로는 직무만족, 직무열의와 조직몰입을 사용하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 원척도와 마찬가지로 3요인(과업가공, 인지가공, 관계가공)으로 구성된 잡 크래프팅 척도가 국내에서도 타당함이 확인되었다. 수렴 및 변별타당도 검증 결과, 잡 크래프팅 척도는 조직시민행동, 역할명확성, 심리적 임파워먼트와 모두 높은 정적상관을 보였다. 성취목표지향성 중 숙달접근, 수행접근과는 정적 상관을 보인 반면 숙달회피, 수행회피와는 유의미한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 선행변인 및 결과변인들과의 관계도 잡 크래프팅 관련 기존 연구들과 같은 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 3요인으로 구성된 JCQ-K가 국내에서 잡 크래프팅을 측정하고 연구하는데 적합한 척도임을 나타내는 것이다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining the reliability, validity and factorial structure of the Korean version of Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCQ). The 15 items from the original scale were translated into Korean and back-translated prior to the distribution to 259 working adults in various vocations in Korea. In order to test convergent and discriminant validities, we examined the relationships between job crafting and organizational effectiveness such as organizational citizenship behavior, role clarity, psychological empowerment, and achievement goal orientation which are qualitatively similar to job crafting. Proactive personality and calling were used as the antecedent variables. In addition, job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational commitment were used as the outcome variables for testing predictive validity. This study has two primary objectives. The first objective is to examine the validity of the Korean version of Job Crafting Questionnaire (JCQ-K). Results from the confirmatory factor analysis supported the three factor structure (task crafting, cognitive crafting, and relational crafting) in the Korean version, as in the original scale. The second objective is to examine the relationships of job crafting with other work-related variables. The results verified in this study are as follows: First, job crafting correlated positively with organizational citizenship behavior, role clarity, and psychological empowerment. Second, job crafting also correlated positively with mastery-approach and performance-approach goal orientations, but not with mastery-avoidance and performance-avoidance goal orientations. Third, proactive personality and calling had a strong influence on job crafting. Fourth, job crafting had a strong influence on job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational commitment. Furthermore, this study revealed job crafting's differentiated impacts on the outcome variables apart from other variables which are qualitatively similar to job crafting. Job crafting still had a significant influence on job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational commitment, controlling for the influences of organizational citizenship behavior, role clarity, and psychological empowerment. As a result, the relationships of job crafting with antecedent and consequences were consistent with previous research. Such results altogether imply that JCQ-K is a reliable and valid tool for measuring and studying the concept of job crafting in Korean society. The implications of this study are as follows: First, this study provided the measure of job crafting for a wide range of Korean employees. Considering growing interest in job crafting in Korea recently, the introduction of job crafting measure can be beneficial for managers who are interested in improving the level of employees' work motivation. Second, this study examined the empirical evidence of the role of job crafting in the process of individual job satisfaction and organizational performance. The final implication of this study is that job crafting essentially has a positive impact on both individuals and organizations. We confirmed motivations for job crafting are not avoidance-based orientations but approach-based orientations, leading to the better performance of individuals as well as organizations. Directions for future research and limitations were also discussed.

본 연구는 공유가치를 통한 강한 문화(strong culture)의 조직효과성이 21세기 한국 대기업에 여전히 유효한가를 확인하고, 공유가치를 통한 경영이 효과성을 얻기 위해 기업의 공유가치와 개인가치의 부합이 중요한 요인임을 확인하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 강한 기업문화는 일반적으로 기업의 경영철학, 신념, 가치관이 포함된 개념인 공유가치(shard value)를 통해 확인할 수 있는데, 이러한 기업의 공유가치가 잘 정립되었더라도 조직 구성원들의 가치, 신념과 부합하지 않아 동의 받지 못하면 기업의 공유가치는 그 본연의 역할을 수행하지 못하게 되고 개인의 직무행동에 영향을 주지 못하게 된다. 본 연구는 국내 A그룹 B금융계열사 재직자 309명을 대상으로 기업의 공유가치와 개인가치의 부합 정도가 개인의 직무효과성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구결과, 공유가치를 강조하는 강한 문화가 여전히 한국기업에 효과적이고 기업의 공유가치와 개인가치의 부합이 개인의 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였다. 첫째, 기업의 공유가치와 개인의 가치간의 부합도가 높을수록 조직몰입 및 조직시민행동 등 구성원의 직무태도에 긍정적인 영향을 주어 개인의 직무성과로 발현되었다. 둘째, 기업의 공유가치와 개인가치의 부합은 조직시민행동을 매개로 하여 직무성과에 영향을 주거나, 조직몰입과 조직시민행동을 순차적으로 이중 매개하여 직무성과에 영향을 주게 됨을 밝혔다. 마지막으로 조직구성원의 개인-조직가치 부합 수준을 높이는 방안으로 면접 등의 프로세스 강화를 통해 개인-조직가치 부합수준이 높은 인력을 채용하는 방안과 공유가치 교육 등 회사의 공유가치 전파노력을 통해 구성원의 공유가치 수용도를 높이는 조직사회화 방안을 제시하였다.

This study was conducted for the purpose of verifying whether the organizational effectiveness of strong culture is still valid on 21st century Korean conglomerates and how important the person-organizational value fit is for better organizational effectiveness of strong culture. Strong culture can generally be strengthen through shard value which is including the concept of firm's philosophy and belief. Even thought the strong culture offers a comprehensive explanation for organizational performance, the value misfit between each individual and organization don't have effect on individual's performance. An empirical study was conducted on 309 workers at Korea's A group B financial affiliate that is maintaining a strong culture emphasizing the importance of shared value, and in order to measure the person-organizational value fit, job attitude of individuals, etc., a survey was used, and for job performance, a three year evaluation of performance data was used. Through this study, strong culture is still working on Korean conglomerates and the person-organizational value fit is influencing positively on individual's job performance. The detailed results and implications verified through this study are as the following. First of all, it was found out that in order for shared value to furthermore contribute to company achievements and play the role of leading job perfor- mance of each individual, the acceptance level of shared value by the members of the organization, in other words, the 'person-organization value fit' is an important factor. The higher the person- organizational value fit people have, the better individual's job performance people make. Secondly, the shared value affects the job attitude of the members of the organization and is revealed as job performance. the person-organization fit affects the job performance with organization citizenship behavior as the medium, or organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior sequentially as dual medium that affects job performance. Finally, as for methods for enhancing the level of person-organizational value fit of the members of the organization, through the method of recruiting man power with high person-organization value fit through strengthening the process such as interviews and efforts of spreading shared value of the company such as shared value education etc., a method for organization socialization to enhance the acceptance of shared value by the members of the organization.

본 연구는 1차 벤더사 이상의 규모를 지닌 자동차부품산업 202개사 중 50개사를 표본대상 기업으로 선정하여 편의 추출한 표본기업 구성원 450명에게 2014년 1월 5일부터 3월 31일까지 구조화된 설문지를 배부하고 e-mail, 우편, 택배 등의 수단으로 372부의 설문을 회수하였으며, 분석 가능한 설문지 353부를 가지고 구성원들이 지각하는 절차공정성, 조직몰입, 조직문화특성, 조직시민행동 사이 직접효과, 매개효과, 조절효과를 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 절차공정성이 조직시민행동에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 이는 절차공정성과 조직시민행동 사이 직접적 효과가 있으므로 자동차부품산업의 직무외적 성과향상을 촉진하기 위해서는 절차공정성을 제고할 수 있는 제도의 수립이 필요함을 시사하고 있다. 둘째, 절차공정성과 이타성, 정당성, 공익성 등 조직시민행동 사이 조직몰입은 완전매개효과, 절차공정성과 양심성, 예의성 등 조직시민행동 사이 조직몰입은 부분매개효과를 보여주고 있다. 이는 조직몰입도를 증진하기 위한 구성원의 사기진작 방안과 공정한 인사제도 등 절차공정성 제고 노력이 동시에 필요함을 시사한다. 셋째, 절차공정성과 조직시민행동 사이 조직문화의 조절효과는 문화의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타남을 보이고 있다. 즉, 위계지향문화는 이타성에, 과업지향문화는 이타성, 양심성, 정당성, 예의성, 공익성 등에 조절효과가 있음을 나타내고 있다. 이는 자동차부품 관련기업의 일관된 생산라인 및 지휘체계에서 과업지향문화가 혁신과 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있는 전략임을 시사하고 있다.

The study pursues the development of concerned theory and human resource management verifying empirically the direct, intermediate and moderate effect of procedural justice, organizational commitment and organizational culture for organizational citizenship behavior that the employees of automotive part industry firms perceive. To verify these propositions, this study adopted survey based-data of 372 members within 50 automotive part industry firms among the first-level vendor firms. Up to this date, many studies precedent on the relationship of these factors have been carried out focusing on 2-3 variables aiming at some industry. Otherwise, this study is focused on complex relationship among four variables aiming at automotive part industry firms. To deepen and differentiate the result of study, this study used the concrete bottom variables. At first, procedural justice is adopted as the alternative of organizational fairness variables. Secondly, organizational commitment is adopted as the alternative of organizational effectiveness variables. Thirdly, organizational citizenship behavior as an independent variable is verified being classified and focused on five bottom level variables. Namely, those variables are altruism, conscientousness, sportsmanship, courtesy and civic virtue. Also, the hierarchical culture and task-oriented culture are adopted as the appropriate cultures of automotive part industry firms. Especially, this study recommends some new implications concerning with the new human resource management system, organizational commitment enhancement and organizational culture innovation of automotive part industry firms. The result proves that there are positive correlations among the procedural justice, organizational commitment, task-oriented culture and organizational citizenship behavior. There are negative correlations among the procedural justice, organizational commitment, hierarchical culture and organizational citizenship behavior. There is a partial moderate effect between the procedural justice and organizational culture, and also there is complete or partial mediation effect among organizational commitment, procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. The results of study are as follows :H1 : Procedural justice of organizational effectiveness has a positive effect on organizational commitment. If these firms enhance organizational commitment, the fair evaluation system and moderate communication are required. H2 : Procedural justice has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Because the performance of these firms is influenced by organizational citizenship behavior, the action to enhance procedural justice also is required. H3 : Organizational Commitment has a full or partial mediation effect between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Those mean that two kinds of actions are needed to enhance organizational performance. One is to make a fair evaluation system and the others are to provide the enhancement action of employee’s morale and to share the organizational value. H4 : Organizational Culture has a full or partial mederation effect between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Those mean that environmental change of the firm is forced to accept the new organizational culture. The result of this study provides the meaningful implications on concerned theory and practical regulation innovation. But, advanced study including global automotive part industry firms is required and the problem of common method bias is to be solved.

최근 일본의 후쿠시마 사태와 원전운영기관의 폐쇄적인 정책 진행으로 인해 원자력의 안전과 운영기관에 대한 부정적 인식이 널리 퍼져있다. 본 연구의 목적은 원자력 발전의 사회적 수용성을 증진하고 한국수력원자력(주)의 부정적 이미지 개선하기 위함이다. 보다 자세하게는 위험인식, 효용인식, 투명성이 원전의 사회적 수용성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였으며, 한수원에 대한 신뢰성을 매개변수로 삼아 전체 모델로 만들고, 구조방정식을 활용해 실증하였다. 분석 결과, 위험인식, 효용인식과 신뢰성 간의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않게 나타났지만, 사회적 수용성은 신뢰성이 확보되었을 때 증진되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 원자력 운영기관의 투명성 강화는 국민의 신뢰성을 증진시키고, 신뢰성은 매개변수로서 전반적으로 원자력의 수용성을 증진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 이러한 결과를 중심으로 몇 가지 전략적 시사점도 도출하였다

The world is now paying attention to nuclear power as a key measure to solve the current issues, such as fossil fuel depletion and high oil prices, as well as greenhouse gas emissions followed by UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Despite there is a growing need for nuclear power as national energy source, the current Fukushima plant crisis and a closed policy of nuclear plant operator have produced the negative perception that nuclear power is unsafe with potential radiation leaks from any of the nation’s nuclear power plants in Korea. This study aimed at promoting public acceptability of unclear power and diverting a negative image for Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power(KHNP) Company. After a critical review of literature on socio-economic impact of nuclear power, we proposed a new analytical model for the causal paths toward a public acceptability of unclear power. Perceived risk, perceived usefulness, transparency and trustworthiness were employed in the structural equating model as critical factors in determining public acceptability of nuclear power. Especially, trustworthiness was used as a mediating variable. First, perceived risk is expected as one of the key determinants as an increased awareness of the risk negatively affects public acceptability, and the other way around. Second, perceived (economic and social) usefulness is expected as one of the key determinants as local residents’ acceptances are influenced by their economic reliance on nuclear-related facilities. Third, transparency is also expected as one of the key boosting public acceptability of nuclear power as transparency and fairness over policy decisions are associated with policy acceptance. Fourth, the important issue underlying the debate over the acceptance of nuclear power is a low level of confidence; hence trustworthiness is used to estimate the mediating effect on a public acceptability of nuclear power. The results showed that perceived risk, perceived usefulness and trustworthiness had direct effects on public acceptability, while the acceptability was influenced by transparency via trustworthiness which acted as a mediator. The findings suggest some strategic implications. First, it requires an effort to reduce public risk perception of nuclear power. Since perceived risk for nuclear power is governed by technology and information reliability, it is crucial to develop various communication channels and trust-based networking. Second, it requires an effort to offset the subjective and hypothetical risk through enlarging economic and social benefits. Since the potential benefit caused by developing nuclear power facilities can offset the risk and positively affect the acceptability, government should develop the specific policy promoting economic and social benefits in conjunction with mid/long-term programs for community development. Third, the transparency of a nuclear power operator, KHNP, is a key factor influencing trustworthiness. To gain the people’s trust, KHNP should constantly offer transparent and ample information that nuclear plant is safety and stability in the process of construction and administration. Finally, institutional framework is needed to win public confidence. Public distrust and misgivings about nuclear power have been amplified due to the recent corruption scandal of KHNP, unavailability of public information about Fukushima nuclear accident and unilaterally push policies, and the like. These result in falling public confidence and trust. To recover social trust from the public, hence KHNP should draw people’s interest and participation beyond mere public relations through policy reform. In fact, the more sophisticated technology, like nuclear technology, the more openness and participation are needed to enhance public acceptability. In this sense, KHNP is requested to be more efficient and transparent system, offering reliable and ample information in the stages of decision-making and implementation.