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Since Korean firms are faced with new challenges and rapidly changing business environments, it is inevitable for them to establish a new overall management and personnel management system to maintain survival and growth by ensuring worldwide competitive position. The new system should have characteristics of being interrelated, self-controlled, adaptive to contingency, and creative, while conventional system is rigid, mechanical, hierarchical, and authoritarian. The characteristics of the new system are based on the premise that objectives and problems solving oriented way of thinking and high attitude toward self-actualization and work are integral parts to motivate employees so that enhance firms` performances. This paper suggests, from a process-oriented point of views, a system based on the idea of the golden mean and contingency, which corresponds to a general management thoughts. The golden mean based overall management and creative personnel management systems are horizontal and anthropocentric and they seek optimality. The suggested new management system is desirable and efficient due to the presumption that human beings are complex mixtures which possess diverse needs, unlimited possibility, self-control, and decision making ability rather than selfish economic and mechanical. The view of complex mixture is the basis of management by virture, participation, the golden mean, and adaptability to contingency and so is the creative and innovative personnel management system. Meanwhile, management by control, regulation, and severity is rooted on selfish economic and mechanical man. The new system will contribute to the management of Korean firms in several ways : (1) satisfying high level needs of employees who seek a work place to achieve desirable life and self-actualization, (2) coordinating interests of deverse groups and that make sure the basis of survival and growth by enhanced trusts from society, and (3) moreover, improving international competitiveness toward the best company in the world.

This paper will analyze the changes of international agreement concerned with environment the trends of recent advanced countries` environment regulations. Furthermore, I will focus on the future trade policies and additional suggestions to make WTO system an effective and affirmative trade policy. This paper consists of four part : 1. Introduction 2. Trends and actual conditions on international environment regulations, 3. Effects and counterplans of international environmental regulations on Korea`s trade, 4. Conclusion. As a result of the study, I can find that international environmental regulations influence Korea`s trade, and if advanced countries tax the carbon emissions on all their imports, We can expect the decrease of 5%, about 7million dollars (on the basis of 1992). And if they impose environmental countervailing duties on their imports, we can expect the decrease of around of 2.9%(10million dollars) in our export. In the future, We can expect 2% decrease in America, 4.7% decrease in Japan, 1.8% decrease in EU in the field of Korea` export. And of we predict the commodity, we can expect the decrease of export in fiber products, iron manufacture, steel, autos, cement, paper products, chemicals, and so on.

The system of commercial education department has veen maintained since it was introduced in the form of the Fourth National Curriculum to commercial high schools in 1984. However, the system has never been proved effective for the years. The purpose of this study was to find the problems on the present commercial education department system by examining and analyzing the data obtained from 200 commercial high school teachers and to suggest an alternative way of operating the system to normalize the commercial high school education, based on their responses to the given questionaires. 1. The department system should be reconsidered with a view to opening the courses diversely and operatimg it to fulfill the specialization and differentiation, considering the social need and school requirements. 2. The prescribed course objectives should be clarified to manifest the specialization and differentiation of the courses. 3. The required subjects of each course should be increased and the electives should be decreased in order to strenghthen and enhance the specialization and differentiation of the courses. 4. The content and standard of the specialized subjects should be reorganized in order to meet the usefulness and practicality required by industrial society. 5. The school principal should realize the aim and objectives of the department system and reform the rigid abtainment of grades and conventional system of commercial education. 6. The department system shoule be taken into consideration according to the specialization of the course and the quality of teachers should be heightened by strenghthening the in-service training and workshop. 7. The admission system should be no longer for middle school graduates with unsatisfactory school record and some incentives such as reformation of commercial of high school systen into 5-year course should be taken into consideration. 8. The on-the-job training in industry should be emphasized in order to improve the specialized skills amd the necessary teaching aids should be obtained into schools in order to achieve the specialized education. 9. The public relations with industry should be promoted because the present classified course system of commercial high school is not fully appreciated by the industry. The range of information gathering should be wide ehough to make the most of the characterizatuon of the clasified system.

Generally, small traders face relatively higher costs in complying with the obligations imposed under the VAT than do general taxpayers, and the tax administration has to incur relatively higher costs in enforcing the tax on them. For these and other reasons, most countries with a VAT exclude small-scale traders and producers with an annual turnover below a specified amount from the obligation. Under the Korean VAT system the small firms( called special taxpayers ) have to be granted special treatment because of their inability to cope with the requirements to register, furnish returns, and pay tax, or to keep prescribed records. But the existing Special Taxation System still retain many defects despite the several statutory amendments thus far made. In the public at large the most debated issue centers on the inequity in the tax burden between qeneral taxpayers and special taxpayers. It is an open secret that in Korea taxpayers cheat on their sales not to evade the VAT but to evade personal and corporate income taxes. For this reason, this study proposes the abolition of Special Taxtion System in lieu of an adjustments. Thus the small-firm exemption have to change from the deduction of tax amount to the basis of sales amount. In addition, or in lieu of the turnover exemption, small firms have alternative schemes for simplifying the calculation of the VAT liability or reducing that liability.

Marketing is an evolving discipline subject to continued reassessment,redirection,and restructuring. The focus of this study is upon green marketing. Green marketing in this study is recognized as human welfare marketing that enhances the quality of life and the society`s well-being. The objectives of this study are to: 1. delineate the change of marketing environment that led to a call for a new concept to revise or replace the marketing concept. 2. construct theoretical framework for green marketing. 3. discuss main tasks concerning to the evolution of green marketing. Finding from the observations indicate that green marketing can bear fruit only when the cooperative system is set up through cooperative action among business circles, consumers, learned circles, and goverment authorities.

Researchers collect field data for the purpose to describe precisely the actual facts. If the field data did not describe precisely the fact, it would cause errors in the generalization and application of research outcome. Therefore, it is very important for researcher to select research mothods to describe precisely the facts. This paper aims at indicating the risk of errors in generalizing and applying the results of research dependending upon primary data collection methods-natural setting and contrived setting. The one is applicable to mail survey among communication methods while the other is applicable to the one-group pretest and posttest design among quasi-experimental designs. By comparing two studies Howing the relationships between ad-involvement motives and ad responses as their subject, this paper investigated whether there are differences or not according to settings at an answer. The findings are that there are substantial differences between natural settings and contrived setting. Furthermore, they indicate that researcher should take errors-possibility into consideration for generalizing or applying the results of research.

Focused on the development of corporate culture, this study aims at finding out the degree of the developmental activities of corporate culture, its direction and the desirable method of the development. This study has applied two methods ; theoretical and empirical sides. The theoretical one has reviewed and analyzed the previous studies on the development of corporate culture, and made the theoretical framework for this study. The empirical one has set up an analytical task from the theoretical one. It has done the research for demelopmental model through questionnaire from the Korean listed firms, and tried to solve the analytical task. This study shows that corporate culture should be managed by strategic planning, and its implications are as follows : ① Generally, the developmental degree of corporate culture has not been progressed in higher level. Thus management must find out more systematic and intensive developmental activities of corporate culture and they should perform them effectively. ② The progressive direction from the development of corporate culture has the most positive influence on the various sides. Management should research and develop the progressive value of culture to get the effective development of corporate culture more intensively. ③ The shared power approach among the developmental approaches of corporate culture is most desirable. Thus, it should be necessary to have more familiar and cooperative relations between management and organizational members. From the above-mentioned, the developmental activities of corporate culture should be progressed desirely based on the comprehensive view and the concrete insight for the development phenomena of corporate culture.

Recently, there has been an increasingly strong trends in enterprises toward information society. So, the role of information in enterprises has been recognized as one of important management resources. Particularly, the construction of information systems in small and medium sized enterprises is being estimated as the key to success of business for solving various problems which are the change of management environment, the improvement policy for management systems, the confrontation policy for raising of labor cost, the increasing of distribution cost, and the policy for necessity of competitive information. To solve these problems, we should construct the information systems in small and medium sezed enterprises. Therefore, this study has the aim to find the concrete factors having effects on information systems and to analyze the organizational performance for constructing information systems in small and medium sized enterprises of Korea. Also, this study has suggested the empirical model of information systems in small and medium sized enterprises based on the method of theoretical investigation analysis with preceding researches. The analytical tasks of the empirical model of information systems are as follows ; 1) the level analysis of effectiveness and efficiency for information systems in small and medium sized enterprises of Korea. 2) the analysis of influences which affects on organizational performance of information systems. The results empirical analysis indicate that the overall level of information systems of small and medium sized enterprises in Korea has been estimated as a middle. But, planning for computerization, the degree of system understanding, the level of technology, and the accuracy of information got a high score. Also, in the second analysis, the difference of organizational performance by level of information systems shows significances in statistics. Also, the difference among the clusters of level of information systems was significant.

The purpose of this study are to examine abnormal stock returns associated with announcement of convertible bond issuance. The empirical study has selected as final sample 75 domestic convertible bond issues for the periods from 1985 to 1992. In oreder to examine the abnormal stock returns of announcement periods from 1988 to 1992, and 32 oversea convertible bond issues for the period and various intervals of concern, the market model and the mean adjusted model have been employed. The test window covers before and after 11 days(D-5~D+5). The findings of information content can be summarized as follows: First, the result of domestic convertible bond shows that announcement of convertible bond issuance reduce stock prices significantly. this finding is consistent both with the hypothesis that equity issues are viewed by investers as negative signals and with the hypothesis that there is downward sloping demand for firm`s shares. Second, on the basis of an cumulative average abnormal returns for oversea convertible bond, the announcement of issuance convey positive signal. This result is consistent with information signalling model that higher debt ratios are binding constraints on the firm and thus signal positive management expectations concerning future cash flows. This study provides a further evidence regarding the usefulness of convertible bond issuance to investors` decisionmaking. It is, however, required clarify the difference of information contents between domestic and overseas convertible bond issuance. Various methodological refinements are also necessary.

The purpose of this study is to find such determinants as economic factors and management`s motivation which affect on the choice of accounting method. The depreciation method consists of declining-balance and straight-line mathod. The constant percetage of declining-balance and straight-line mathod are considered as income decreasing and income increasing depreciation method. The explanatory variables for accounting methods choice are selected sales, debt ratio, manager`s equity ratio, average income of increasing ratio, tax burden ratio, and a type of industry. The dependant variables is used to dummy variables, which 1 for the income increasing method and 0 for the income decreasing method. This study is conducts in two manners. The first tested the choice of accounting to economic factors. The second tested the difference according to a typr of industry. After logit analysis is conducted to test research model, t-test is also conducted additionally. The model of this analysis is as follows ; Y_i = α_i + β_1SALES_i + β_2DEBT_i + β_3MANAGE_i + β_4ΔPROBIT_i + β_5TAX_i + β_6UPJONG_i + e_i where, Depreciation : Yi = 1 for the income increasing method 0 for the income decreasing method. SALES = sales in 1993 DEBT = debt / capital MANAGE = manager`s equity ratio ΔPROBIT = average income of increasing ratio for 1990-1993 TAX = tax burden ratio UPJONG = a type of industry The results of this analysis are as follows; The choice of accounting method is affected by sales and debt ratio. They appeared to significant at 1% level, respectely. The other variables are not significant. In the difference of types of industry, the significant variables are of sales, debt ratio, and average income of increasing ratio, respectely, which has 1% and 10% of significant level, Conclusionaly, this study is the same to preceding study.