Earticle

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the impact of perception of politics in franchise coffee brands on organizational cynicism and job performance and the mediating effect of psychological strains. The survey was collected from April 30 to May 27 in Starbuks, Twosomeplace, Coffeebean, and Ediya. The results from this empirical study with 356 samples of franchise coffee brands in Seoul show that 1)H1, H2, and H3: perception of politics affect organizational cynicism and job performance as adopted. 2)H4, H5, H6, and H7: the moderating effect of psychological strains is strongly significant. The meaning of this research and practical implications include the following. First, The influence of perception of organizational politics on organizational cynicism has theoretical and empirical implications in franchise coffee brands which is growing industry. Also, psychological strains as a new variable was introduced and reestablished in the study of franchise coffee shops. Third, there is difference from job involvement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions according to level of work, education, duration of work. The limitations of this study are as follows1)scale development of perception of organizational politics in coffee brands 2)comparative studies from hotel and franchise coffee brands.

This study was intended to provide implication to company managers and people in charge of company internal events by analyzing the effect of participation satisfaction of employees by corporate event, and to verify the effect of components of internal event on participation satisfaction of organizing members. The results and implications of this study are as follows. First, as a result of investigating the influential relationship between corporate event and participation satisfaction, program, operation, and MC among facility, program, place, operation, and MC made positive effect on public contribution, and public contribution had close correlation with in the order of program, MC, and operation. Secondly, as a result of investigating a influencing relationship between participation satisfaction of employees and organizational identification, public contribution and social acknowledgement made positive effect on social organizational identification. On the other hand, it was analyzed that personal achievement does not make effect on organizational identification. Thirdly, as a result of investigating a influential relationship between company internal event and organizational identification, MC, facility, and operation among subfactors of company internal event showed significantly positive relationship with organizational identification, and MC among 3 factors as facility, operation, and MC showed highest influencing power on organizational identification. However, it was identified that place and program do not make effect on organizational identification.

The purpose of this study was to Provides important basic data on the development of a service training system for human resource management of cabin crew with the influence of service education for flight crew on job satisfaction and customer orientation. This paper chose flight crews as a population of this study who had experience in service training using convenience sampling. For the analysis of data, 282 questionnaires were used using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 20.0. For the analysis of the data, frequency analysis were utilized to examine respondents demographics characteristics and reliability analysis were processed. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted. Finally, path analysis was conducted for the verification of model suitability and hypothesis verification. The results of this research is presented as follows: First, the service education on job satisfaction showed that service inclination had a significant effect on flight crews' job satisfaction. Second, the service education on customer orientation showed that service inclination had a significant effect on flight crews' customer orientation. Third, job satisfaction had a significant effect on flight crews' customer orientation.

This study aim to analyse financial management performance indicators focusing on regional differentials. This empirical study design a research with 14 standard financial ratios of the 25 five star hotels in domestic regions(Seoul and Jeju), and analyse by T-test for hypothesis testing. As results of testing, all the 5 star hotel's mean value between Seoul and Jeju hotels is statistical significance that affected by 'operating profit growth rate,' ‘total asset growth rate’, ‘net earning rate to sales’, ‘net earning rate to total assets’, ‘net earning rate to stockholders’ equity’, ‘debt ratio’. Meanwhile, there is no regional differentials between Seoul and Jeju hotels because there is no statistical significance meaning when analyzing indicators which are ‘net sales growth rate’, ‘current income growth rate’, ‘return on net sales’, ‘interest coverage rate’, ‘current ratio’, ‘total borrowings to total assets’, ‘asset turnover ratio’, and ‘total assets to operating cash flow’.

This study was based on the seriousness of the problem of history distortion of Chinese tourist guide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Chinese language tourist guide's awareness of Korean history and academic motivation on capacity building and job satisfaction. For the purpose of this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey of tourist guide such as Chinese, Hong Kong, Taiwanese, and Southeast Asian Chinese. The survey period was from November 15, 2015 to February 21, 2015. An analysis of 131 questionnaires was used. The results showed that the necessity of Korean history education influenced academic motivation. The integrated factors of Korean academic motivation influenced the capacity enhancement, but the required and instrumental factors did not affect the capacity building. capacity building was found to affect job satisfaction. Based on the results of the study, the following implications are suggested. We need a unified management department to deal with the distortion of history. A regular education program is needed. It is necessary to create an environment in which tourist interpreters can adapt to Korea

In the modern society, as occupations have been diversified and professionalized due to a large amount of information, knowledge, and development of science technology, it is very difficult to select and prepare the future career. The purpose of this study was, targeting university students majoring in aviation tourism, to examine the effects of their professor support and career decision-making self-efficacy on career preparation behavior. As a result of the analysis, first, emotional support, informational support, material support, and evaluation support of professor support had significant effects on career decision-making self-efficacy. Second, establishment of plan, occupational information, and self-evaluation of career decision-making self-efficacy had significant effects on exploratory behavior and preparation behavior of career preparation behavior, and problem-solving had significant effects only on exploratory behavior. Third, emotional support, informational support, and evaluation support of professor support, excluding material support, had significant effects on career preparation behavior. These results indicate that the role of professors as social supporters is important to improve career exploration and career preparation behavior of university students majoring in aviation tourism. In addition, university students should try to grasp their own abilities and values, have much interest in career exploration, and collect corporate information. It is also necessary to develop and manage career programs to promote their related activities.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors for corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceived by customers visiting food-service businesses, see how they affected the customers’ brand asset, brand attitude, and purchase intentions, develop a plan necessary to help food-service businesses activate marketing, and make suggestions as to an improvement in the management of food-service businesses. The factor analysis found that CSR had four factors―economic responsibility, consumer protection responsibility, philanthropic responsibility, and environmental protection responsibility―with such single factors as brand equity, brand attitude, and purchase intentions. The empirical analysis obtained the following results: First, as for the effects of food-service businesses’ CSR activities on brand equity, environmental protection responsibility activities had the most significant effects, followed by philanthropic responsibility and economic responsibility activities. Second, as for the effects of food-service businesses’ CSR activities on brand attitude, environmental protection responsibility activities also had the most significant effects, followed by economic responsibility and philanthropic responsibility activities. Lastly, as for the effects of food-service businesses’ brand equity and brand attitude on purchase intentions, brand equity had the most significant effects, followed by brand attitude. On the basis of these results, food-service businesses’ CSR activities are expected to be strategically useful to improve brand equity, brand attitude, and purchase intentions because they can change customers’ awareness.

This thesis is studied on the meaning of Kwan-Kwang(觀光) concept as seen by Prajna(般若). The term of “tourism(觀光)” originating from Kwankukjikwang(觀國之光) is used as a means of suppressing the opponent or the forestallment, as in the case of ‘kwankwangbonaeda(get rid of him)’, ‘gae-kwankwang’, ‘youk-kwankwang’. Touristification has been an issue for a long time. As such, the term “tourism(觀光)” is used in a variety of ways, from traditional meaning to netizens' slang. Considering the meaning of ‘sightseeing(觀光)’ consisting of ‘seeing(觀)’ and ‘light(光)’, it seems to be a natural consequence, but the use of the sight is merely focused on the business and economic meaning, the socio-cultural meaning is fading. Therefore, this paper attempted to recall the true meaning of ‘tourism(觀光)’ in the wisdom of ‘Prajna(般若)’. There are huge research papers all over the world in one year, but there is no one about absolute eternal life. People always seek the object of love, and the person with great minds does not stay in the opponent's world, but has to go to the world to have Jinsunmi(眞善美). ‘觀(seeing)’ has the metaphysical means, and ‘光(light)’ means ‘light without number’. Not everyone can do it, but anyone can think it.

This study analyzed the team leader's spiritual leadership as perceived by the airline cabin crew and its impact on the calling and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior of the crew. This study also examined the mediating effect of calling in the relationship between the spiritual leadership and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Through this, practical implications for manning the airline cabin crew and enhancing the competitiveness of the airlines were acquired. For this purpose, I surveyed 319 flights of cabin crews working for domestic airlines. As a result of the analysis, First, the team leader's spiritual leadership has a positive impact on the calling and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior of the cabin crew. Second, between the spiritual leadership and service-oriented organizational citizenship behavior, the sense of calling was found to have a mediating effect. The purpose of this study is to clarify the necessity of the team leader's spiritual leadership in the domestic airline management environment. In addition, since the profit generation and survival of the service companies are related to satisfying the customers, the voluntary service staff's efforts are required for this. The facts that “the leader’s spiritual leadership provided practical implication that it would work as a powerful motivation to satisfy employees' spiritual needs and to act on their own" were presented as practical meaning.

Aviation transport industry is a labor-intensive industry based on human resources that offers intangible services to customers. Therefore, it is essential for Airline Service Department to foster potential candidates and deploy them well in the airline service field. Recognizing the importance of quality education in fostering potential people for the aviation service industry, this study planes to examine the relationship between Self-Efficacy and Career Maturity, Career Exploration Behavior of the Students in the Department related of Airline Service. In order to assist the curriculum planning and operation of Airline Service departments training and educating potential cabin crew, this study undertook a theoretical approach followed by a statistical analysis. The self-Communication method was adopted to collect the data during November and December in 2017. The proposed research model is tested via a survey of 438 students majoring in Airline Service. The results of those study confirmed that Self-Efficacy has a positive influence on both factors of Career Exploration Behavior, which are Environmental and Self Exploration. Also Self-Efficacy has a negative influence on the negative factors of Career Maturity. Based on the results, this study suggests airline service department to reinforce curriculum and extra curricular activities together with developing concrete questionaries for the university entrance interview in order to examine potential candidates who have an aptitude for airline service job.

This paper investigates how customer involvement influence purchase intention and purchase behavior from King Power duty-free shops in Thailand. Based on planning behavior theory, we examine the structural relationships customer involvement, purchase intention and purchase behavior. The results indicate that advertisement involvement, product involvement and affective involvement have positive influence on customer purchase intention. Advertisement involvement and product involvement have positively impact on purchase behavior, but affective involvement has no significant impact on customer purchase behavior. Our results also show that customer purchase intention is significantly positive relation to purchase behavior. More results and implications are discussed toward the end.

The purpose of this study, We would like to present a tourist attraction image and spot attachment to improve the loyalty of tourist spots by empirically validating these relationships. The following are the implications of the empirical study of structural models and hypothesis verification. First, a tourist attraction image appeared to be a spot attachment, satisfaction and loyalty, and the influence of a positive. Second, the attachment of tourist spots appeared to have a positive impact on satisfaction and loyalty. However, the magnitude of its influence showed a more impact on satisfaction than loyalty. Third, the most important variable to form a good tourist image is the attraction. Fourth, the most important variable to form a strong tourist attachment is the emotional attachment. Fifth, the configuration parameters of the image of the tourist attraction, the accessibility of spot dependency, place identity, social bond has the greatest influence. Sixth, the composition of the image of the tourist attractions, the environment has the greatest influence on the emotional attachment of a spot attachment. Seventh, the composition of the sights and images of the variables showed that the appeal has the greatest impact on satisfaction and loyalty. Eighth, the composition of a spot attachment, the emotional attachment has the greatest impact on satisfaction and loyalty.

In the middle of recent changing business environment,it is more important than anything else for each company to secure and manage human resources equipped with core competencies in order to sustain its competitiveness and achieve high business performance. Particularly in the hospitality industry including hotels where human services are the foundation of the business, dependency on human resources is quite high. Therefore, research is required on emotional intelligence emphasizing effectiveness in the affective aspect of human resource management as one of strategies to secure and manage highly competent human resources. This study is focused on the relationship between emotional intelligence perceived by hotel employees and job performance. After a close review on moderating effects of leader's emotional intelligence, the variable that manages effect relationship between emotional intelligence and job performance. Empirical analysis to achieve the purpose of this study has concluded the following results: First, the higher the perception of emotional intelligence, the higher the job performance. Secondly, leader's emotional intelligence is found to have moderating effects on influence of emotional intelligence perceived by hotel employees on job performance.

This study was to identify the effect of educational environment of airline service majors in college on satisfaction, self-efficacy, and job preparation activities. The survey participants were student enrolled in airline services first and second year at 2-year or 4-year colleges in the Seoul·Gyeonggi and Choongcheong areas. The collected questionnaires were to conduct its reliability and regression analysis using the SPSS v. 18.0 statistical package program. A summary of the result from empirical analysis is as follows: First, the educational environment provided by airline service majors in colleges had significant influence on educational satisfaction. Second, among the educational environment variables, the curriculum had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy, and thus proved to be an important factors. Third, self-efficacy had significant positive effect preparation activities for employment, and higher self-efficacy led to increased preparation activities. Fourth, educational satisfaction completely mediated the relationship between the educational environment and preparation activities for employment. Fifth, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between the educational environment and preparation activities for employment.

In these days, emotional labor's problem is well known over the society. Emotional labors are couldn't protected by labor industry and it is cause from low-customer recognition and manpower shortage. As a result, emotional labors are often change there jobs and company can not hire well-mastered employees. In this study, researcher try to find out relationship among emotional labor's job image, job preference and job choice for help company to stabilizing there employment. To figure out casual relationship, 192 data are collected from related major students and job applicants for empirical analysis. Result of empirical study is that emotional labor's job image has positive effect on job preference and job preference has positive effect on job choice. And also result show us that job image which is 'service providing' has more possitive effect on job preference. Base on this results, researcher provide a managerial implications for labor stabilizing of company.

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of LCC's perceived service quality and perceived sacrifice on perceived value and customer loyalty. A total of 205 valid responses were used for Statistical analysis. The results of structural equation analyses which were developed to derive accurate casual relationships showed the evidence for a reasonable level of validity and reliability of this model. The results are as follows. First, LCC's perceived service quality exerted a positive impact on perceived value, indicating significant coefficients of tangibles. On the other hand, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy didn't exert a positive impact on perceived value. Second, perceived sacrifice exerted a negative impact on perceived value. Third, evaluation of perceived value turned out to affect customer loyalty positively. Fourth, perceived value played a role in mediating the relationship between evaluation of tangibles and customer loyalty, perceived sacrifice and customer loyalty. The study suggests marketing strategies are needed to manage perceived value and improve customer loyalty in the airline industry. There must be continuous efforts to meet service quality factors as well.

This study identifies the relationship between the participation motive and satisfaction level of religious tourism, and identifies differences in participation motivation and satisfaction depending on the characteristics of religious tourism’s participants. The hypothesis test results of this study are summarized as follows. First, among the reasons for participating in religious tourism, it has been revealed that the enhancement of religious beliefs and visits to the holy sites affect satisfaction levels in the direction of friendship. And rest of mind and body affects satisfaction in the opposite direction. Second, we analyzed differences in demographic characteristics, motivation to participate in religious tourism (enhancing faith, relaxation of mind and mind, visit to the Holy Land), and satisfaction level. As a result, there were significant demographic traits in terms of gender, marriage, academic background, and baptism. These empirical analyses can provide the following implications. First, When promoting and organizing religious tourism products, one should look back and repent at places where people can access traffic, adults who can be universally recognized, and places where people can attend. Second, The target market for religious tourism participants is married women who graduated from a specialized university or higher, and those who are professional, technical and religious, are eligible for marketing for 1-5 and 20 years.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of motivations for participating in marine sports tourism on tourism satisfaction and leisure satisfaction. The research was conducted with a sample of 376 participants in marine sports tourism and the results are as follows; First, there are significant differences in leisure satisfaction depending on individual characteristics such as age, the number of times each participated and the type of sports while no significant difference depending on gender. The older group has a higher level of leisure satisfaction than the younger group. The group who participated more times has a higher level of leisure satisfaction than the group who participated less times. Skin & scuba diving gives the highest level of leisure satisfaction, and then comes surfing, windsurfing, yachting and waterskiing in that order. Second, it is found that motivations for participating have significant effects on tourism satisfaction. As for the predictive value of motivations for participating on tourism satisfaction, the level of satisfaction is 26%, the intention to re-participate 22% and the intention to recommend 23%. Third, it is found that motivations for participating have significant effects on leisure satisfaction. As for the predictive value of motivations for participating on leisure satisfaction, physiological satisfaction is 24%, psychological satisfaction 27%, educational satisfaction 17%, social satisfaction 17%, rest satisfaction 23% and environmental satisfaction 12%. Consequently, marine sports tourism authorities and sports instructors should make constant efforts to improve tourism satisfaction and leisure satisfaction of the participants in marine sports tourism by boosting their positive motivations for participating.

최근 국내 많은 지자체들이 구도심의 재생을 목적으로 빈곤 또는 낙후 지역을 관 광매력물로 개발하는데 앞장서고 있다. 정부주도 관광개발은 통상적으로 빈곤지역의 경제 활성화에 중점을 둔다. 그러나 일반적인 관광유형과는 달리 슬럼관광의 핵심적 인 관광자원은 지역주민의 삶과 인권에 직접적으로 관여된 빈곤이다. 본 연구는 탈산 업화시대에 도래한 선진국이 채택하는 도시재생수단인 슬럼관광의 개념을 이해하고, 슬럼관광의 주요 이해관계자인 지역정부, 지역주민, 잠재적 관광객의 관점에서 도심 재개발의 유형 중 하나인 슬럼관광의 특성과 효과성에 대해 논의하며, 마지막으로 대 안을 제시하였다. 이를 위해 국내 대표적인 쪽방촌인 인천 동구 만석동의 괭이부리마 을에서 시행된 「인천시 동구 옛 생활 체험관 설치 및 운영 조례(안)」을 사례로 연구 를 실시하였으며, 다음과 같은 제언을 도출하였다. 첫째, 지역정부는 빈곤지역의 재생 을 위한 도구로 슬럼관광 사업을 채택하기 이전에 해당 지역이 주민들의 거주공간임 을 인식하고, 거주환경, 복지, 기타 주민 영향요인을 고려한 다각화된 관점의 면밀한 조사를 선행해야 한다. 둘째, 지역주민은 슬럼관광 사업에 대한 반대를 위한 반대가 아닌 자신들이 삶에 미치는 영향과 결과에 대해 논리적인 이유에 근거한 권리와 의견 을 주장할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 잠재적 관광객들은 여가활동으로 슬럼관광을 선택하기 이전에 도덕적이고 윤리적인 행동을 실천해야 하며, 자신의 행동에 대한 책임감을 가져야 한다.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of China LiuYang International Firework Festival, how the difference of each influence factor and residents perception. Based on the results of the study, LiuYang International Firework Festival is a night type festival that needs to be developed not only by night firework but also by night tours and courses. Local specialty shopping areas should be created so the tourists can increase their shopping opportunities to improve their volume. Also, it should expand the contents of programs that can be directly experienced by tourists, not just by looking at them and simply watching them. Various marketing strategies should be adopted from promotional tools to help establish the firework city brand faster, and festival promotion will be carried out through the Internet with broadcasting media such as TV and advertising. Last, The resident groups near the event site have the lowest awareness than the other groups and should be able to raise awareness of the firework.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of tourism in the field of tourism, especially the outbound tourism system of the Joseon Dynasty, and to compare it with the current system of overseas travel. In addition, among the terms related to tourism in the Joseon Dynasty, which were used in various terms, I searched for the contents marked as 'tourism' in the diary and why the interpretation was merely 'sightseeing'. In the previous researches, we did not carry out the task of analyzing the details in detail, so the author tries to deal more closely with the field of outbound tourism based on the contents of the diary. It was not the only plan of the outbound tourism of the Joseon Dynasty that was planned and executed by the general public on the scale or companion. It was found that there was a strict system like the present immigration system when the “sahangdan” who was a visit between country and country crossed the border and went to China.

This study is to verify the effect of Consumption Value and Consumption Propensity of Cruise Tourist's on Behavior Intention. Consumption Values set the five components of functional, social, emotional, rarity and situational values. Consumer Propensity of Cruise Tourist's set three components of practical, impulsive, conspicuous and other people conscious tendencies. And Behavior Intention is consist 4 items of a factor. A concent validity and a convergent validity of variables confirmed, also their reliabilities confirmed. It is summarized as follows that the result of hypothesis examined about impact relationship between Consumption Value, Consumption Propensity and Behavior Intention. Firstly, Consumption Value of Cruise Tourist has a positive effect on three factors of Consumption Propensity(H1-1, H1-2, H1-3). Secondly, Consumption Value and Consumption Propensity have a positive effect on Behavior Intention(H2, H3). Through this study, Travel agencies and Criuse Companies will provide a more marketing strategies for the needs of Cruise Consumers to set the direction of development for the planning Cruise Tourism Products.