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The purpose of this study is to analyze according participative method on the estimation of colleague in physical education class of student teacher in elementary school. The subjects were 260 juniors in D university of Education by convenience sampling methods participated in student teacher. The questionnaire was reconstructed 5 factors(class plan, management, estimate, interaction and curriculum) modified Lee's(2006) estimation of physical education class in elementary school. There are types of appraiser, which are teacher, classed student teacher, visited student teacher and classed teacher. The sorts of school are substitution 1, 2, attachment 1 and 2. The grades of class in physical education are 3 to 6. The themes of class are track and field, dance, gymnastics and ball game. The results by parameter factor analysis and one-way ANOVA(post-hoc is sheffe) with SPSS 14.0 are as follow; First, the student teacher think that teacher's class is higher than student teacher's on the class estimation. Second, he attachment elementary school in metropolitan city has influence on the class estimation. Third, the physical education class in elementary school is the easiest the third grade. Forth, the ball game class estimation is harder than the other class's.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elementary students' achievement goal orientations and internal motivation of the Vaulting Horse in Physical Education. The subjects were selected from the Y elementary school in Busan metropolitan city. The subjects were 5th - 6th elementary school students(Males, n=212). The measure instruments include Korea elementary student versions of the task and ego goal orientation in physical education classes, physical intrinsic motivation questionnaire. The used statistical methods for the data analysis were Two-way ANOVA, Regression Analysis and Correlation analysis. The conclusions obtained from this study: Fist, the task orientation and ego orientation had a significant effect on interest-effort and competence. Second, competence(lower/higher) had a significant effect on Vaulting Horse in Physical Education and higher competence performed significantly better than lower one. Third, the task orientation positively related to interest- effort and competence, and interest- effort and competence are positively related to Vaulting Horse in Physical Education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tasks when applying new sports to elementary P.E class on the basis of the elementary teachers' recognition and practice experience. Based on the results, teachers recognized the meaning of 'new' in 'new sports' as a 'alternative' or 'fresh' or 'anti' for conventional P.E class controlled by curriculum. Colleague teachers or supervisors were concerned that it's out of national curriculum range and refused to support sporting goods for the reason that the budget does not allow it. Teachers were aware of new sports while they teach school sports team, and recommend colleague teachers to apply. They put emphasis on efficiency of lesson, cheerful participation and improving quality of life, as an objective of lesson. Adopting new sports in 7th national curriculum, teachers considered compatibleness with conventional sports, and reorganized the lesson plan, then utilized it in optional activity period. Affective domain and progress of skills were essential in evaluation. Applying new sports to elementary P.E class, the problems to be solved is that preparation of equipments and facilities and institutional supports are required in hardware domain, publicity and change of public attitudes in software domain. It is suggested that further study on designing more organized and systematic field application program is required.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between sports training environment and training satisfaction, educational effectiveness of youth camp facilities. The 3 elementary schools which accomplished sports training in youth camp facilities were selected and total 210 elementary students were sampled by purposeful sampling. And except for 16 unfaithful answer sheets, 194 copies of collected data were used as data for this study. The data was analyzed by SPSS Win Ver. 12.0 and AMOS Ver. 16.0 program. The conclusions based on the analyzed results by SEM(structural equation modeling) were as follows; First, the positive recognition about program, leader, equipment and facility as sub-factor of sports experience environment of the training facilities affected positively on sports training satisfaction. Second, the positive recognition about sports experience environment of the training facilities affected positively on edification, friends relationship, environmental conservation, physical increase as sub-factor of educational effectiveness. But sports training satisfaction did not affect positively on educational effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the educational meanings of writing journals in the elementary physical educational lessons. to achieve the purpose of this study, the journal writing had been executed on the 32-students of S elementary school in Daegu from April 6 to July 4. we didn't impose any convert on students to write journal, so students could write the journals freely about their lives. The core contents of the results are as follows. First, the writing journals was 'the space of planning' to the students. the students themselves used to look at their future lives and set up the plans which was made not by simple survey but by concrete analysis of their acts. Second, the writing journals was 'the space of comprehension and appreciation' to the students. the students were finding out and expressing the principles of various activities and their feels in the physical education classes. and they used to express appreciations of their movements and others'. Third, the writing journals was 'the space of sharing' to the students. the students used to revealed the thoughts of themselves and their group, the relationship between themselves and others through journal writing. and the journal made a space of dialog. Forth, the writing journals was 'the space of reflection' to the students. the reflections were related to their activities and led to the efforts to build up concrete tactics and to detect their faults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physical fitness level on the physical education field preferences in the Elementary Students. The physical education field can be classified into track and field, gymnastics, games, expression activities, physical fitness, and health. The total of 480 of elementary school student who are the sixth grade at Mok-po city were surveyed. the data were processed and analyzed with SPSS for WINDOW 12.0. The findings from this study were as follows; First, physical education was the most interesting subject for the students of elementary school. Preference field was game, track and field, physical ability, gymnastics, health, and expression activities in order. Second, the students had a significant difference in the interest in gymnastics activities according to the levels of physical fitness. The preference field was influenced by the gender and physical fitness. Third, there were significant differences of gender and physical fitness in the interest, interesting factor and preference field in track and field activities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Sensory Integration Development Program on the elementary students' physical self-concept. The participants of the study were 197 third graders (103 boys, 94 girls) in H & S elementary school in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups, and only the experimental group participated in sensory integration program. Sensory integration development program was consists of tactile sense, vestibular sense, proprioceptive sense, body image, body schema, body concept, locomotor movement, manipulative movement, eye-hand coordination movement, and gross motor skill activities. The data for this study was collected through the self-concept survey questionnaires. The questionnaires of this study was a Korean version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire(Kim, 2001). Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure using SPSS 15.0 indicated that significant differences were found in the factors of physical self-concept. The results indicated that Sensory Integration Development Program in class period had positive effects on the elementary students' physical self-concept.

This study aims to examine the relationship between club activity satisfaction and university life satisfaction according to participation of university club activities of educational university students. For the this sturdy, survey method was conducted to educational university students in Busan who were sampled by purposive sampling for the achievement of objective, the results statistically processed of 392 valid sample are as follows. Firstly, it is shown that clubs of physical activity, exhibition have most higher than other clubs, subsequently, club of performance, religious, and clubs of academic, service have lowest in social satisfaction among sub-factors of club activities satisfaction. Next, club of physical activity have most higher than other clubs, subsequently, clubs of religious, exhibition, performance, and club of service, academic have lowest in physical satisfaction. And clubs of physical activity have higher than clubs of performance, religious, and exhibition, service in value of University. Secondly, it also found that groups of 2-3 times participation and over 4 times participation have higher than the group of less 1 times participation in social satisfaction, educational satisfaction, physical satisfaction, self-development among sub-factors of club activities satisfaction. And groups of 2-3 times participation and over 4 times participation have higher than the group of less 1 times participation in personal relationship among sub-factors of university life satisfaction. Lastly, the results showed that social satisfaction, educational satisfaction, relaxation satisfaction didn't influence on value of University, but physical satisfaction, self-development influenced positively on value of University. Subsequently, relaxation satisfaction, and physical satisfaction didn't influence on personal relationship, but social satisfaction, educational satisfaction, and self-development influenced positively on personal relationship. And social satisfaction, educational satisfaction, physical satisfaction, and self- development didn't influence on satisfaction of University, but relaxation satisfaction influenced positively on satisfaction of University.

This study aimed at providing a fundamental material for the normal operation of physical education curriculum and the qualitative improvement of physical education class. In order to achieve such aims, the study identified the factors of physical education class that generated specific problems of physical education class through the analysis of the actual state of physical education class and analyzed differences caused by the teacher's experience and marital status, and teachers' recognition of the ideal method for a normal operation. The subjects of this study included 200 female teachers from 10 elementary schools in D metropolitan city. The research instrument employed in this study was the questionnaire composed of 28 questions on the actual state of physical education class and the ideal method for a normal operation. The collected data were subjected to frequency analysis and descriptive analysis. The mean and standard deviation were calculated using SPSS 12.0 program, and t-test and one-way analysis of variance were conducted. The following results were obtained in the study. First, with regard to the actual state of physical education class, teachers recognized the goal of physical education class the most, followed by instruction on the physical education environment and the operation of physical education. The instruction state of physical education class ranked the lowest. Although the higher proportion of teachers recognized that physical activities is helpful for the balanced growth of children, they thought physical classes were being delivered inefficiently at schools. Second, with regard to the differences of the actual state of physical education class according to teachers' experience and marital status, married teachers with more than 10 years experience turned out to operate physical education class more efficiently in all sectors. Overall, it is highly considered that teachers with more experience have confidence in delivering classes, regardless of their preference for class, and operate classes more efficiently. Third, as for the ideal method for the normal operation of physical education, teachers preferred exclusive physical education teachers most among teacher types. The higher proportion of teachers wanted the expansion of physical education facility equipments and the expansion of the system which requires physical education classes to be delivered by exclusive physical education teachers. As for the amount of physical education class, three hours per week, the same amount delivered under the current curriculum, was preferred the most.

The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of conventionally practiced, volleyball activities on organizational climate and effectiveness in elementary schools, so as to suggest a theoretical foundation that volleyball support to establish social roles in school organization. The study represents elementary school teachers in G city of 2008. Among elementary schools in five districts(B, N, D, S, G), the schools with over 18 classrooms and more than 30 employees were taken as a sampling frame. A total of 20 schools, 4 from each district, were selected through stratified cluster random sampling. After the questionnaires were completed, the data from 381 of subjects were analyzed. The results of the study and the conclusion of the discussion are as follows; First, degree of male teachers' participation in volleyball activities affects the organizational climate. As for school managers' behaviors, male teachers' affective participation in volleyball activities has an effect on a school manager's bureaucracy-oriented leadership, while all three of cognitive, affective and psycho-motor participation have an effect on goal-oriented leadership. When it comes to human-oriented leadership, it is affected by cognitive and affective participation. As for teachers' behaviors, their activeness is affected by psycho-motor participation, and their friendliness and commitment to an organization are affected by cognitive and affective aspects in the activities. As to female teachers, affective participation in volleyball activities has an effect on a school principal's bureaucracy-oriented leadership. All of cognitive, affective and psycho-motor participation have an effect on their goal-oriented leadership while human-oriented leadership is affected by affective participation in the activities. When it comes to teachers' behaviors, activeness is affected by cognitive and affective participation, and both friendliness and commitment to an organization are affected by affective participation. Second, when it comes to the effect of teachers' extent of participation in volleyball activities on organizational effectiveness, male teachers' organizational commitments varied with their affective participation. While their organizational adaptabilities showed difference according to degree of their psycho-motor participation, their job satisfactions were affected by the affective participation. In case of female teachers, organizational commitments, organizational adaptabilitites, and job satisfactions all were affected by the affective aspect of participation in volleyball activities. Third, both male and female teachers' degree of participation in volleyball activities directly affected their school's organizational climate, and organizational climate had a direct effect on organizational effectiveness as well. However, it did not appear that degree of participation in volleyball activities directly affected organizational effectiveness among either male or female subjects.

The effects of Jazz dance program makes lots of exercise effect within short time and helps us to have an enjoyable exercise with various movements according to the music for the physical power and self efficacy of elementary school students on this study. First, the Jazz dance program affected the physical strength of elementary school students. There are power, muscular endurance, cardio respiratory endurance and flexibility as subordinate primary factors of the physical strength. And the result of Jazz dance program execution is like this. The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the Jazz dance exercise experiment (p<.05). The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the muscular endurance exercise experiment (p<.01). The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the flexibility exercise experiment (p<.01). But the experiment group didn't show the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the cardio respiratory endurance exercise experiment. Second, the Jazz dance program affected the elementary school students' self Efficacy. The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the physical self efficacy experiment (p<.05). The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the general self efficacy experiment (p<.01). The experiment group showed the a similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after of the social self efficacy experiment (p<.01). These results indicate that the Jazz dance program developed in this study were effective in improving physical strength and self efficacy of the elementary school students. Therefore, the current study validates the need for the further development of the systematic Jazz dance program.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors of job stressors and organizational efficiency of the sports instructor in elementary education system. For the purpose the hypotheoretical structure model was established by attaching importance to two factors of job stressors and the organizational efficiency in sports instructor. The statistical methods used for testing hypotheses were exploratory factor analysis and structural equation model. Results obtained through this procedure were as following. The job stressors of the sports instructors affects the job satisfaction and organizational commitment through the cohesiveness. It shows that the job stressors of optimum level like the confidence with colleagues and superiors. the exchange views can enhance the cohesiveness. With the strong cohesiveness, it can also enhance the organizational efficiency such as the job satisfaction and the organizational commitment.

The purpose of this study is, concerning the introduction of the sports instructor system into elementary school, to look into its operating reality, and the to suggest an desirable operating way of the sports instructor system. The research was performed in two areas; First of all, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey of 219 sports instructors to grasp the real condition regarding sports instructor system operation. Second, on the basis of the survey results on the responded questionnaires, the researcher, as a first step, selected 3 respondents(instructors) who were expected to give a concrete information, and then conducted twice interview with them. The results of study had shown that a temporary expedient method has been take; 91.8% instructors among them surveyed have been in charge of class in direct, and 41.1% ones have undertaken to coach school athletic club. Therefore, it's suggested that the sports instructor system should be continuously operated, for that, the persons(parties) concerned would have to make en effort to make a given circumstance in which they(instructors) feel pride in what they are doing.

The purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity, factorial validity, and discriminant validity of perceived belonging scale in physical education class for elementary school children. This research was to use two original the perceived belonging in sport scale which was examined by Allen(2006) and the other one which was examined Cox and Williams(2008). The subjects were 654(boys: 321, girls: 333) elementary school children and they have lived in G city and J province now. In analysis explanatory factor analysis, 3 factors which were relatedness(8 items), teachers' support(5 items), and alienation(3 items) and this scale had a good internal consistence. Explanatory factor analysis and confirmed factor analysis in this research provided evidence to support the construct validity. In confirmatory factor analysis there were significance GFI, CFI, RMR. In discriminant validity, there were difference relatedness and alienation between groups by sex, there were difference relatedness and teachers' support between groups according to children's cognitive athletic abilities.

This study is to analyze the factor relevant getting score and the process of getting score that have been main factor of getting score in elementary school boy`s single badminton game. For this research, I tried to do 3-D video analyzing in a set of 6th grades boy`s single game in elementary school formal badminton competition and analyze plyer`s movement of cental point by coordinated of both the tip of the toes. The final score was 17 to 10, I analyzed 26 out of 27 scores from the beginning and compared the differences by t-test using SPSS program. The results follow according to research conclusion. 1) The player who won the game uesd more offensive technique than player who lose the game. 2) The distance before and behind moved by player effected to score. 3) When comparing path of moving both players, the more separate from home position relatively, the lower score showed. 4) The point of view in moving distribution of player, the player who sent shuttlecock close to the other player`s endline way of back hand direction was getting more score. 5) To get a score effectively, it is useful that there should be constantly separated distance among powerful smash, a point where shuttlecock is down, and defensive player.

As the people who have various cultural background; international marriage, foreign worker, north korea defector; is increasing these days, Korea is undergoing a complete change from homogeneous society to multicultural society. In this situation, The 2007 revised curriculum has increased interesting and discussion about multicultural education with putting forward importance and direction of that. Multicultural family's students were experiencing many difficult things when they study in the school. Among others, the most biggest difficult thing was poor progress in learning. On the other hand, It makes physical education(P.E.) worthy that multicultural family's students like best and are interested in P.E. In this respect, research intended to search the role of school P.E for multicultural education. For example, It presented direction of P.E and of education in the Multicultural education. It also proposed the role of school P.E and teacher for multicultural education with basing on practice task of elementary school P.E. It needs for teachers to try to recognize unconcern as concern, criticism as self-improvement.

This purpose of study was to examine into the physical education class recognition, physical class education satisfaction, and school life adjustment in elementary school. The objects for the research were 5grade and 6grade of elementary school samples of 275 questionnaires by convenience sampling was used as final research materials. The results by using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, simple regression analysis with SPSSWIN 15.0 are as follow; First, the physical education class recognition in elementary school had influence on the physical education satisfaction. Second, the physical education class recognition in elementary school had influence on the school life adjustment. Third, the physical education class satisfaction in elementary school had influence on the school life adjustment.

This study was to define effect of sport participant of elementary school on the sport value and attitude. The subjects were 857(boys: 550, girls: 307) who have lied in G city, J and K province. This study used three kinds which were sport participant scale(frequence, time, and periods), sport value scale and attitude scale which were used in Cox and Williams(2008) research. The results as follows; 1. Boys showed higher moral value, commitment, cheating, and gamesmanship than those of girls. 2. The children of sport participants showed higher all sub-factors of sport value and all sub-factors of attitudes than those of non-participant. 3. In analysis regression, frequence of sport of children participation significantly effected all sub-factors of sport values, conventions, cheating, and gamesmanship. Time of sport participation of children significantly effected all sub-factors of sport values, and all sub-factors of attitudes. Periods of sport participation of children significantly effected competence value and conventions. 4. In analysis regression between sport values and attitudes, competence and moral value significantly affected prosocial attitude, and moral and status value significantly affected antisocial attitude.

The purpose of this study was investigate the effect of perceived body image on stress of physical education class and emotion of elementary school students. The data were collected through a questionnaire written by a sample of 419 elementary school students in Daegu province. The scales used in this study were body image scale by Yoon & Cho(2001), stress in the physical education class scale by Lyu, Pyo, Pyo, & Kim(2004), Emotion scale by Jung(1997). The results of this study were as follows; First, among the subscales of body image, grils was higher overall appearance evaluation than boys. And boys was higher positive emotion than girls. Second, among the subscales of body image, fatness evaluation and overall appearance evaluation positively influenced stress from motor skill performance. but fatness evaluation and overall appearance evaluation negatively influenced health/fitness evaluation. And fatness evaluation positively influenced stress from the contents of the physical education class. and health/fitness evaluation negatively influenced stress from the contents of the physical education class. And among subscale of body image, fatness evaluation negatively influenced positive emotion, health/fitness evaluation and investment in ideals positively influenced positive emotion. and fatness evaluation positively influenced negative emotion but health/fitness evaluation negatively influenced negative emotion. Third, among subscales of stress in physical education class, stress from motor skill performance positively influenced negative emotion. and the stress from the contents of the physical education negatively influenced positive emotion and positively influenced negative emotion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relationships of student stress, intrinsic motivation, and satisfaction in elementary physical education class. The participants consisted of 526 5th and 6th grade students from eight elementary schools located in D city(male:264, female:262). Data were collected by using survey. Instruments were composed of students' stress(18 items), intrinsic motivation(13 items), and classroom satisfaction(13 items). The data were analyzed by using SPSS 14.0 for exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis and by using AMOS 7.0 for confirmatory factor analysis and structure equation model analysis. The results indicated that physical education stress had statistically negative effect on intrinsic motivation and satisfaction, and intrinsic motivation had statistically positive effect on satisfaction. Intrinsic motivation showed moderate effect partially between physical education stress and satisfaction. Also, the explanatory power of all sub-factors on the physical education stress is found instruction contents appears to cause the biggest effect on it, followed by friends, teacher, preparation, environment, and punishment in order.

The purpose of this study was to the effects of elementary school tennis coaches' leadership style on organizational commitment. In order to achieve this purpose three research questions were established. Participants for this study were 260 elementary school tennis players. Of participations valid data were 210. They completed a modified inventory of servant leadership , organizational commitment. Results were analysed in quantitative approaches. Data were collected through self-administered survey. The followings are conclusive results: First, The servant leadership statistically and significantly influences normal commitment of organizational commitment. Second, The servant leadership statistically and significantly influences rational commitment of organizational commitment. Third, The servant leadership statistically and significantly influences maintain commitment of organizational commitment.

The present studies to have researched the difference of factors related physical fitness of local area were proceeded, which had the limitation that these results could not represent the a population. Therefore, The purpose of this study was to research the relationship between obesity and health-related physical fitness of whole country teenagers. For the purpose, we choose the 18 elementary schools 820 students including which were located in 6 city. With the students' PAPS(physical activity promotion system) records, we analyzed the relationship between obesity and health-related physical fitness according areas. We used SPSS 12.0 program for data management. To analyze the difference of %fat mass according to the level of health-related physical fitness and to research the difference of health-related physical fitness according to the valuations(NYC & ACSM), one-way ANOVA was used and for the relation between obesity and health-related physical fitness logistic regression was used. The results were followed as below : On the %fat mass according the level of health with two valuations(NYC & ACSM), it showed that %fat mass of distribution from 1 to 3 magnitudes were belonged to normal group or overweight group, which indicated that students who were not obesity had more health-related physical fitness than obese group. On the health-related physical fitness according to the valuations(NYC & ACSM), There was some different %fat mass patten on factors of health related physical fitness. Test of hypothesis result about statistical significance about relation by body condition and health & fitness factor. On the relation between obesity and health-related physical fitness, there was model which might indicate health-related physical fitness with obesity in male students, but not females. However, obese group of cardiorespiratory endurance in elementary school had lower health level than normal students, which showed that obesity might affect the health-related physical fitness in schoolchild.