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Can get off the following conclusion by a foundation to the results and a discussion to have become clear in this study. First. Appeared according to Population sociological characteristic competitive state anxiety fear dance forms so that there was a competitive state anxiety fear level, and significance level did not appear in school years. Career appeared so that a group of a career ideal 1 very felt competitive state anxiety fear more than 1 under career groups. Also, competitive state anxiety fear level appeared to high things the dance group which had the contest frequency of a No. 21. Second. Appeared so that somatic state anxiety appeared a Population sociological characteristic according to dance forms so that there was a somatic state anxiety level, and there was a somatic state anxiety level in school years, and upper grade appeared somatic state anxiety to high things than the lower. Career appeared to what very felt somatic state anxiety, more in groups of an useless career ideal 3.Also, somatic state anxiety level appeared to high things the dance group which had the contest frequency ideal 21 times. Third. Appeared so that state self-confidence appeared a Population sociological characteristic according to dance forms so that there was a state self-confidence level, and there was a state self-confidence level in school years, and state self-confidence, very appeared than the lower at upper grade. Also, career appeared to what a group of a career ideal 3 very felt state self-confidence, more than groups of a career useless 1 under. Also, ten times of dance groups having had the contest frequency ideal 21 times appeared state self-confidence to high things than the dance groups which had the under contest frequency.

This study examined an effect of educational thought on APE in Early modern history in order to determine development of thought formation on AEP throughout early modern history, in other words, from the Renaissance period up to the French Revolution. The Enlightenment period which was generally against the Middle Ages emphasized rights of individuals by looking into human beings themselves and searching through self-consciousness. This enabled the society to accept a new idea that handicaps are also human beings who have the right to claim his rights rather than existing as a subject of mere protection. Humanism, protestantism, and realism, illuminism helped establish the ideological background to treat the handicapped as equals. Accordingly, deaf schools were found in France, Germany, and England and deaf schools started to become beneficiary of education. However, education of modern history was supervised by the governmental policies and purposes, and the general attitude towards handicapped were inconceivably low. Therefore, inspite of such ideological backgrounds, treatment towards the handicapped were inhumane and primitive which made it impossible for them to receive proper treatment or education. Furthermore, physical education was an instrument to achieve military, moral, religious, social goals, and it was privately for the upper class. Physical exercise was only a means of mental exercise, and chauvinism was highly emphasized. Therefore physical education could not be suitable for the handicapped at all. However, through humanism, protestantism, and realism, the importance of sports, games, and recreation were stressed, and as health and enjoyment started to become recognized as the purpose of physical education, the disabled are finally able to participate in physical activities. Finally, the base of thought on AEP was formed in order to be emphasized sports, game, recreation, to be recognized the physical activities of exercise for health and pleasure by humanism, protestantism, and realism in Early Modern.

This study investigated the elementary school students perceptions and experiences of Taekwondo classes as a part of physical education in remote rural areas. The participants of this study were 6th graders in K elementary school located in jeonnam. The data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interview, student's class diary of Taekwondo classes. The data were transcribed and coded for inductive content analysis. Through descriptive, interpretive, and evaluative analyses of the data, four major themes emerged regarding the students perceptions in Taekwondo lessons. Major findings can be summarized as follows: (1) time which fostering courage, confidence, patience (2) fun time (3) unwilling time (4) time to need respect to each other. This four major themes comes from several factors such as diversity character in a Taekwondo classes, interaction with friends, and interaction with teachers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of isokinetic muscle strength and fitness in the taekwondo player of elementary school and poomsae player, Twenty four participants were assigned, 5~6 with elementary school of taekwondo player boys (n=12) and poomsae player (n=12). Subjects of this study were who lives in D metropolitan. Using the Cybex 770(cybex NormTM Test & Rehabilitation) isokinetic dynamometer and the measures were knee joint of both, trunk muscle of protractor muscle and flexor muscle from average power %BW. The data obtained from each measure were analyzed using Independent t-test, Mean, Standard Deviation from SPSS/PC 12.0 Version. The significance level set al α=.05. From the results of better in Comparison with isokinetic muscle It showed the shame where the taekwondo player is higher poomsae player than from maximum strength(60°/sec) and the musclar endurance(240°/sec), shame where taekwondo player is higher poomsae player than from muscular strength(60°/sec) and the muscle power(90°/sec) to trunk muscle. In addition to physical fitness(burpee test, side step, standing high jump, turn a skipping rope) did show significantly from Taekwondo Player of Elementary School and Poomsae Player(p<.001).

The purpose of this study was to examine the plan for efficient management of elementary school sports clubs. For accomplishing this purpose of the study, the survey questionnaires were used to collect data by instructers who instruct students for soccer, basketball, volleyball, athletics, gymnastics, and swimming. From the analysis of this study, the following conclusions were obtained. There were significant differences between popular items(soccer, basketball, volleyball) and unpopular items(athletics, gymnastics, swimming) about conditions of athletes’ school life of elementary school, organizational conditions of sports clubs, conditions of player selection and schooling guidance, administrative conditions regarding players’ prize winning, budgets and their execution of sports clubs.

The purpose of this research was to provide basic information for improving physical education. This was done by surveying and analyzing elementary school pupil's recognition for objectives of physical education. In order to attain these results, I have conducted an inquiry to the 1171 pupils in 6th grade of 17 schools from 4 provinces, The class is thaught by physical education specialists and classroom teachers. On the basis of analyzed results, the conclusions were drawn as follows; In the understanding of objectives of physical education class, the students from physical education specialists were affirmatively high in the part of physical strength promotion, improvement in the area of exercise, health promotion, understanding of sports and rules through physical class.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the initiative spirit enhancing method through applying the sport education curriculum model on the gymnastics unit of elementary school. In the actual scenes of schools, the gymnastics is instructed carelessly because of the insufficient facilities and equipments, teacher's lacks of practical technique abilities. This circumstances are resulting in distorting or reducing of the educational meanings of gymnastics such as learning of diverse movements, enhancing of body control and community spirit, responsibility. To overcome these problems, it can have educational meanings that looking for ways to give students skill-acquirement, understanding of tactical game and promotion of voluntary participation in sports, cultivating creativity through applying of the sport education curriculum model on the gymnastics unit. The application of the sport education curriculum model on the gymnastics unit can be accomplished by a series of procedures as follows; first, making understand students the characteristics of management of physical education class, Second, exercising the basic and applied skills, third, expressing cultural creative movement in composing applied skills and playing, fourth, making understand students game management method, fifth, helding mini-olympic and having reflecting time on the participant experience and present opinions of strength and weakness of groups.

The results evaluate the attributes of ideal camp facilities by optimal combination, curriculum subdivision, and the level of importance of each classification group. The optimal combination of attributes that were examined include: teacher’s gender, education experience, homeroom teaching experience and non-teaching responsibilities, as well as class size, school size and school location. The results indicate that teachers prefer safe camp facilities under 50,000 won, and professional leaders(Type: camp and culture; Fee: under 50,000 won; Program: student preference; Leader: professional; Facilities: safe).

The purpose of this study was to inspect the cognition of parents who are participating in children basketball academy of O professional basketball team and D university of education. To achieve this purpose, the eight parents of the academy were selected as participants. The data were collected by opened-questionnaires and in-depth interviews. As results of opened-questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the educational meanings and cognitions of the participants were categorized with 3 categories. These categories were participant motives, children's variations followed by participating in the academy, change of their families. The participants were looking for a good sports can serve their children's growth and development. The participants were cognizing that their children are taking pleasure and experiencing various physical, mental, social variations with participating in the D children basketball academy. They said that these pleasure and variations are coming from the teacher's devotion, well-ordered program and good facilities of D children basketball academy. And the participants said that the participation in the basketball academy induced the change of their families.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical fitness levels(sit-ups, stand long jump, 50m dash, 1000m running-walking, sit and reach, body mass index;BMI) of elementary school students academic achievement(Korean, mathematics, total achievement). The participants were 328 elementary school children(Chonbuk 166, Chonnam 162; boys 176, girls 154) in the Chonbuk and Chonnam Province. The participants are measured physical fitness characteristics and academic achievement by elementary school teachers. The analysis of data were executed descriptive statistics, pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The conclusions obtained from this study: 1. In the analysis of effect of physical fitness characteristics on Korean achievement, there are significant relationship between 1000m running-walking, sit-ups, body mass index(BMI) and Korean achievement. 2. In the analysis of effect of physical fitness characteristics on mathematics achievement, there are significant relationship between 1000m running-walking, body mass index(BMI) and Korean achievement. 3. In the analysis of effect of physical fitness characteristics on total achievement, there are significant relationship between 1000m running-walking, body mass index(BMI) and Korean achievement.

For this research, I selected 10 autistic children attending a special school or an elementary school and had them take the dance movement therapy at the Daegu N Community Center. The 60 minute session program went on once a week for a year from February, 12 2006. There was a test to measure the difference before and after the dance movement program with no control group to know how the dance movement therapy program had affected the children's social ability and expression of affect. The data were analyzed with sum of the scores and the used statistic method was One-way RM ANOVA. Statistical significance was analyzed using comparisons made by repeated measures as Post-Hoc and P<0.05 was considered significance. The conclusions I have come to are as follows. First, there was no statistically significant difference for the autistic children. Second, there was statistic significance on the test of expression of effect for the autistic children.

This study aims to analysis the illustrations on physical education textbook for 3rd to 6th grade students on the 7th Educational curriculum and to present the consistent extend between illustrations and gender equality. This study is based on two standards - rarity and fixed gender roles among six standards of Sadker, Sadker and Long(1997) to estimate teaching-learning materials in the aspect of gender equality. As for the aspect of rarity, illustrations on physical education textbooks were classified into different sections(illustrations on 3th and 4th grades' textbooks into gymnastics, games, expression, and health; illustrations on 5th and 6th grades' textbooks into gymnastics, athletics, games, expression, health, and physical fitness) to understand how role models for each sexes are distributed. Then, the number of boys and girls in the illustrations on each section was counted to prepare a checklist and derive frequency and percentage. As for the aspect of fixed gender roles, the meaning of actions each character on the illustration was analyzed to examine whether characters show actions that reflect fixed ideas of femininity or masculinity and to evaluate the actions' suitability for gender equality. Analysis showed that the behavioral characteristics of the male and female role model appeared on illustrations of the physical education textbooks mostly reflected the perspective of equal education between both sexes. As a result of the study, there are some suggestions about new textbook. First, the illustrations on physical education textbook should reflect that they are in progress to gender equality. Also, for inspiring truly gender equality consciousness, students and teachers have to try changing their consciousness.

The throwing motion is considered as simple projectile motion, the horizontal distance is determined by the initial state of pitcher's motion which include the projectile velocity, projectile angle, angular momentum at the moment of ball realease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the throwing motion of baseball for the elementary school children. It was considered that a common movement pattern as well as distinctive movement patterns between athletes might be identified. Four male baseball athletes who achieved at least 8th in the Korea Regional Baseball Game Meetings during 2006 and 2007 were selected as subjects. The Direct Linear Transformation technique was adopted from the beginning of filming to the final stage of data extraction. This study was conducted to investigate the kinematic relationship between the throwing motion and horizontal distance performed by elite baseball athletes. This investigation examined the kinematic parameters of the upper and lower extremities and the contribution of body segments to the ball velocity. It was found that: The mean projectile velocity of the subjects at the instant of ball release was 22.83±2.12m/s, and the mean height of the center of gravity at the instant of release was equivalent to 51.02±6.09% normalized height of the subjects. The mean ball projectile angle at the instant of release was 24.03±3.19°. By throwing the motion, multiple regression equation of horizontal distance prediction was Y = 4.77PV(velocity at the instant ball release) + 4.21HH((C.O.G height at the instant ball release) - 0.99WAV(waist angular velocity at the instant ball release+ 1.45BA(body lean angle at the instant ball release)2 - 0.12BA + 4.50 (R2 = 0.76, p<0.000). Within the limitations of this study it is concluded: In order to increase base-ball horizontal distance, several conditions must be fullfilled at the instant of ball release. First, the projectile velocity should be fast at the instant of ball release from the hand. Second, the body normalized height(%height) should be raised at the instant of ball release from the hand. Third, the total forward angular velocity with respect to a transverse axis through the center of gravity should be increased during ball release from the hand. Fourth, the contribution of the upper arm and fore-arm to the hand tip velocity with respect to a transverse axis through the center of gravity should be raised at the instant of ball release from the hand.

So far, elementary physical education has been made, focusing on the integration of psychomotor and cognitive areas. Consequently, it is true that practice of affective areas has been marginalized to some extent. However, elementary education for the future should move toward integration, in order to realize whole person education in which physical strength, knowledge and virtue are in harmony, and along with psychomotor and cognitive goals, affective goal must be achieved. To this end, narrative integration method is proposed, which is an approach to put into practice integration education integrating these three areas, and thereby to achieve the goals of elementary physical education in an integrated way, through narrative activities as well as physical activities. Therefore, this study discusses the reason why such a narrative approach is necessary for elementary physical education at a theoretic level, which is expected to serve as a basis and background for the practice of narrative physical education at schools.

Shin, Sun-Young(Seoul Hyehwa Elementary School)․Lee, Dong-Kyu(Seoul National University of Education) The real situation of Korean elementary schools is that they have to execute physical education of 1 class as 3 or 4 classes due to the narrow playground and along with this there is no gym almost which is the most essential facility with playground. It is a very serious situation that there are only 5.05% elementary schools where there are regular gyms in Seoul. Therefore, I would like to see the effects of Music Rope-Jumping Exercise which makes lots of exercise effect within short time and helps us to have an enjoyable exercise with various movements according to the music for the Physical Power and Self efficacy of elementary school students on this study. First, the Music Rope-Jumping Program affected the Physical Strength of elementary school students (p<.05). There are Power and Cardio respiratory Endurance as subordinate primary factors of the Physical Strength. And the result of Music Rope-Jumping Program execution is like this. The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the Power Rope-Jumping Exercise experiment (p<.05). Second, the Music Rope-Jumping Program affected the elementary school students' Self Efficacy (p<.01). The experiment group showed the similar difference in the comparison inside the group before and after the Self Control Efficacy Exercise experiment (p<.01). In conclusion, this study showed that the Music Rope-Jumping Program affected the elementary school students' Self efficacy and Physical Strength positively. If we examine this specifically, the Music Rope-Jumping Program affected the Power, Muscular Endurance, Cardio respiratory Endurance and the Flexibility as subordinate factors of the Physical Strength, and also it showed the effects of the Self confidence, Self Control Efficacy and Preference of Subject Difficulty Degree which are the subordinate factors of Self Efficacy. On the other hand, this study showed the differences of Rope-Jumping Levels of children, it was impossible to find out the Rope-Jumping composition considering the different levels. Accordingly, it is considered that Music-Rope Jumping Program that has the Exercise Frequency and Powerfulness adequate for the feature of a group so that the Music-Jump Program can be applied to the various groups is needed to be developed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of the effect on a physical expression ability and an affective characteristics for elementary school children. The object of this study was 66 children in "M"elementary school which is located in Daejeon metropolitan city. These children were divided into 33 test group and 33 comparison group. The program is composed of 40minute teaching, 11lessons. The contents and method of this study were planned with investigated content validity by Motif Writing specialist. The results analyzed by test data are as follows. First, the test program has an effect on improvement of physical expression ability for the elementary school children. When an analysis of covariance was executed with a preliminary examination score, it showed statistically meaningful difference from each factor, such as bodily application, space application, communication, emotional express- ion and total score. Second, the test program has not an effect on improvement of affective characteristic for the elementary school children. When an analysis of covariance was executed with a preliminary examination score, it showed no statistically meaningful difference from each factor such as self-confidence, enthusiasm, cooperative spirit and total score.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a peer assessment during physical education by measuring and analyzing the characteristic of the brain functions through the electroencephalogram(EEG). The sixth grade elementary school students were (n=24) participated in the EEG measurement after a physical education including a peer assessment. The EEG was recorded from eight scalp locations(Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, P3, P4, O1, O2) with a linked ears reference during resting eye closed, watching best performance and a peer assessment activity. Independent Component analysis(ICA) was carried out for the obtained EEG data, and then calculated theta, alpha, and beta relative power spectrum and correlation coefficient between electrodes. The EEG data measured and analyzed was implemented the matched pair t-test. As a result of relative power spectrum, the mean value of the theta waves' activation in a peer assessment showed higher than that of watching the best performance. And there was a significant difference at F3. The mean value of the alpha waves' activation in watching the best performance showed higher than that of a peer assessment. There was a significant difference at P3, P4, and O1. The mean value of the beta waves' activation in a peer assessment showed higher than that of watching the best performance. And there was a significant difference at Fp1. As a result of relative power spectrum of left and right brain, the mean value of theta waves' activation showed a dominance at left frontal, F3. The mean value of the alpha waves' activation showed a dominance at right frontal pole Fp2 and right occipital O2. The mean value of the beta waves' activation did not show a significant difference between left and right brains. As a result of correlation analysis between electrodes, the mean value of correlation in a peer assessment showed lower than that of watching the best performance. And there was a significant difference at P3-P4, P3-O2, and P4-O2.

The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the effect pre-physical education class emotion on elementary school students of class satisfaction. In order to achieve this purpose, 346 subjects were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method among elementary student. The survey questionnaires were 1) the pre-physical education class emotion developed by Yoo & Kim(2002) 2) the questionnaire for class satisfaction used by Kim(2007), Ryu & Pyo(2006). The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and standard multiple regression analysis from the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: First, pre-physical education class emotion and class satisfaction of elementary student differ statistically and significantly according to socio-demographic variable. Second, pre-physical education class negative emotion influence class satisfaction of elementary student. Third, pre-physical education class positive emotion influence class satisfaction of elementary student.

The purpose of this study is to look over the perceptions and reform options, if any, in Taekwondo class, on the basis of the opinions from D education university students who attended the lecture in the first term of 2007 and to suggest any desirable operation options in Taekwondo class of elementary school, and the subjects of questionnaire survey were total 182 students(48 male and 134 female). The results of analysis can be summarized as follows: First, it's found that an interest degree in Taekwondo class was higher for female students than that for male ones, and also higher for students who had a training experience in Taekwondo hall than that of students no having a training experience. Second, in a active participating degree in class, the students who had a training experience in Taekwondo hall were more positive and active in Taekwondo class than students no having a training experience. Third, it's found from students' response that a component ratio of theory and practical skill class, that they judge to be a desirable, was mostly 30% to 70% respectively for both of male and female students, which shows that they have given more importance relatively to practical skill class than to theory one. Fourth, main area of interest in Taekwondo class was mostly Changjak pumsae(creative motions) for male students who had a training experience, while it was mainly basic pumsae(motions) for female students and the students no having a training experience, which shows that there is a difference by sex and whether or not they have a training experience. Fifth, non-interest area in class was theory area for students having a training experience, while it was basic motions or Pumsae area for students no having a training experience. Sixth, students responded that major purpose of Taekwondo education in elementary physical education subject is succession & cultivation of national martial arts, regardless of their having or not Taekwondo class experience for physical education class hour. Seventh, it's found that all of female and male students have depended their theory class in elementary physical education subject mostly on, in order of use frequency, video & CD materials, announcement class based on students' inquiry, use of Taekwondo textbook, printed material of teacher, which shows that video and CD material are effective for theory education on Taekwondo. Finally, as some reform items for the normalization of elementary school physical education, which were found from students' response, there were, in order of response frequency, the improvement of teachers' skill and capacity, the expansion of facility and place(circumstances) and the extension of educational material and training. On the basis of these results, the researcher would like to propose as a form of suggestion: it's needed, as an urgent matter, to establish an educational training program of Taekwondo for elementary school teachers and in normalizing the Taekwondo education more, to expand the physical education class hour. Especially, the university of education, as an educational institute for reserve teachers, should offer various programs for effective and efficient Taekwondo education in addition to the development of various teaching · learning methods and materials.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the physique and physical fitness of urban 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade male and female elementary school Japanese and Korean students. The total number of subjects was 384 students (Korean=183: Japanese = 201), who applied for the test in each group. In this study, 3 factors in the physical aspect and 7 factors in physical fitness were measured and analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 12.0 software, and statistical processes were all performed at the significant level of .05. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Characteristics of the Physique The height showed higher in Korean males and females aging 1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade students than the Japanese. The weight showed higher in Koreans than the Japanese except male 2nd and female 3rd graders. The sitting height showed higher in Koreans than the Japanese except female 3rd graders. 2. Characteristics of physical fitness The grip strength showed higher in Koreans than the Japanese except 3rd graders. The sit and reach showed higher in Korean than the Japanese except 2nd and 3rd female graders. The 50m dash showed higher in Japanese than the Korean except 2nd and 3rd graders. The side step, standing long jump and ball throw showed higher in Japanese than the Korean. In conclusion, this study proves that, unlike Japanese students, Korean elementary school students in lower classes are superior in physique but inferior in physical fitness including agility, speed and power. The result shows poor circumstances of Korean physical education which lacks in supporting facilities. In addition, too much emphasis on test-based education system has caused that physical activities were ignored more or less. In Japan, however, students enjoy variety of facilities like gymnasiums, swimming pools and etc.. This study, therefore, suggests that new excercise programs like dumbbells excercise, band training and swiss ball training should be adapted to school curriculum or post-class physical programs. Also, improvement in agility, speed, power can be expected by adapting traditional games which are friendly to students in lower classes.

The purpose of this study is to understand the elementary school teachers' ski mania from the perspective of life history. Collected data by methods of participant observation, in-depth interview, documents collection and domain analysis, taxonomic analysis done by analyze and interpret those collected data. When the life of an elementary school teachers' ski mania is divided by period, his life process was revealed as follows: first, the life of a potential ski mania before enrolling in University of Education(UE); the life of a germination-based ski mania while he is in UE; the life of a dynamic ski mania. The life of a potential ski mania before enrolling in UE means his life process during the elementary, junior & senior high school days. Basically, on the basis of concern and desires for sports, he participated in a variety of sports activities. But he did not participate in ski activities due to economic conditions. However, he had nondescript yearnings and curiosity for ski activities. The life of a germination-based ski mania while in UE means the life process of his UE days. At the time of a freshman, he contacted his first ski activities through a university-conducted ski camp, and his ski activities continued until he was graduated from UE through a ski camp with joy and enthusiasm. Then, he was designing his dream on ski activities in the future. The life of a dynamic ski mania after graduation from UE means the life process in link with ski activities during his teacher's life after graduation from UE. Even after graduation from UE, he continued ski activities because of his steady concern about ski activities. In addition, he was beginning voluntary ski activities and managed to pass by trying qualifying certificate test for an associate ski leadership which he had aspire to during his UE days. Also, with concrete aspirations and plans for his own ski activities in the future, he was looking into continuous transition and advancement; further, he reflected on him as an elementary school teacher and made efforts to look for the more advanced teacher's appearance.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among teacher's image of elementary school, physical education class enjoyment and learning motivation of elementary student. To achieve the purpose, 276 subjects were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method among elementary student. The survey questionnaires were 1) the teacher image developed by Cho(2003), Kim(2002) and Lim(2000); 2) the questionnaire for physical education class enjoyment development by Lee & Nam(2003); 3) learning motivation developed by Son(2003). The statistical methods utilized in the study for analyzing the collected data were factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlate analysis and covariance structure analysis using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. The following results were obtained: The relationship among physical education class enjoyment, learning motivation of student and teacher's image of elementary school were the causal relation. First, teacher image of elementary school statistically and significantly influences physical education class enjoyment of student. Second, teacher image of elementary school statistically and significantly influences learning motivation of student. Third, physical education class enjoyment of elementary student statistically and significantly influences learning motivation of student.

Sensory experiences include touch, movement, body position, vision, smell, taste, sound and the pull of gravity. The process of the brain organizing and interpreting this information is called sensory integration. All other skills are complex processes based on a strong foundation of sensory integration. Also, Sensory integration provides a crucial foundation for later, more complex learning and behaviour. For most children sensory integration develops in the course of ordinary childhood activities. But for some children, sensory integration does not develop as efficiently as it should. Slow learning and poor behavior in children are often caused by inadequate sensory integration within the child's brain. The concept and theory of sensory integration comes from a body of work developed by Dr A. Jean Ayres. Sensory integration focuses primarily on three basic senses--tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive. Their interconnections start forming before birth and continue to develop as the person matures and interacts with his/her environment. The three senses are not only interconnected but are also connected with other systems in the brain. Although these three sensory systems are less familiar than vision and audition, they are critical to our basic survival. The inter-relationship among these three senses is complex. Sensory integration is an unconscious process of the brain, organizes information detected by our senses, allows us to act or respond to the situation we are experiencing in a purposeful manner, forms the underlying foundation for academic learning and social behavior. Sensory integration is a good model to allow integration of other sensory based approaches in order to form a comprehensive approach to the children. A theory should be a dynamic paradigm evolving with new knowledge. An important step in promoting sensory integration in children is to recognize that it exists and that it plays a vital role in their development.

After it was analyzed to the influence cyber sports game participation exerts on a sports activity and school physical education class participation targeted for 599 located elementary school students in the Jeju, the results from this study are as follows; First, Social demographic(the gender, the grade and academic performance), the special quality has an influence on cognitive, affective, and behavirol aspects by cyber sport games. Second, it became clear that the cyber sports game has an influence on cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects. Third, it seems possible to get the effect which participates with the school physical education class and sports activity aggressively for a cyber sports game.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of regular stretching program upon the development of physical flexibility and power of elementary school students with mental retardation in a special school and to provide the fundamental data as an warming up during the physical education class in the field. 30 students in a special school who composed of 14 special school students and 16 inclusive class in regular school students, who are mainly identificated as metal retardation and emotional disorder, participated in the program. Experiment procedures were taken pre-test, implementation of the program and post-test, each session lasted for 20 minutes per every weeks and 30 sessions in total were conducted at the environment of a special school. To verify effects between the experimental group and the control group, the pretest scores of two groups was used with SPSS/PC as a covariate variable. The difference of pre and post-test scores regarding two group were verified using MANOVA. This study found that below. Firstly, there was a significant positive effects of the regular stretching program upon the development of physical flexibility and power of experimental group and especially inclusive class student group was much more than special school student group. Secondly, according as gender, there was significant effect both gender especially male students' development of basic training of Standing Long Jump. Thirdly, according as kinds of disability, there was positive effects of mental retardation and emotional disorders group students