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This research achieved by a purpose to examine the factor that can discriminate for primary , secondary department ssireum players focus on the sub - factor of perceptive sport enjoyment and school adaption in ssireum players in repeatedly experienced exercise life and to verity the difference of sport enjoyment and school adaptation according to grade. To solve this research purpose 155 youth ssireum players are collected and induced to a response about each sport enjoyment and school adaption standard . Also, it is executed a discriminant analysis that to find a sub factor for the most discriminational sport enjoyment and school adaption in grade and variance analysis to examine the difference of each grade. Analysis result , it is showed team atmosphere and parents support factor are the most discriminational factor to the grade of elementary and secondary in sport enjoyment analysis for grade discrimination and it is found the relationship of friend factor is the most discrimination for a high sub-factor in school adaptation. Finally , the analysis result for the difference of sport enjoyment in each grade , elementary department ssireum player shows high enjoyment level in team atmosphere and victory competition factor however, it is not found the meaning statistical difference in school adaption factor.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks jump rope exercise on plasma lipids and ghrelin in obese children. The twenty four elementary school children (% body fat higher than 30%) were volunteered for this study. They were randomly devided into jump rope exercise group (EXE n=12) and control group (CON n=12). The protocol of jump rope skipping exercise was 1000-3000 repetitions/5 days/12 weeks. The repetitions of jump rope were progressively increased for whole training period. Measured variables were body weight, VO2max, % body fat, ghrelin, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C. Each of the measured data was calculated by Mean±SD, and processed statistically through the repeated two-way ANOVA (α<.05). Results of this study were as follows, body weight and % body fat of the EXE were significantly decreased after 12 weeks aerobic exercise. Ghrelin and HDL-cholesterol of the EXE were significantly increased after 12 weeks jump rope exercise. However, blood lipids which were plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were not changed after 12-week training. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that 12-weeks jump rope exercise significantly affected both % body fat and ghrelin, but not blood lipids except for HDL-cholesterol in obese elementary children. Therefore, ghrelin increase in response to overweight reduction from an exercise intervention in obese children.

This study had a purpose which was to comparative analysis for corporeal of psychological skill and level in creation and developed game and practice situation in exercise life according to sex , grade and player with carrier in candidate of youth players who were in activity at team sport events such as volleyball, baseball softball and so on which managed at school, club and sport center in capital region At first , two assistance researchers , main researcher and ten youth players who have experience in psychological measurement participated in the revision of item and the process of conversion to survey the degree of difficulty of questionnaire which used in preceding research. 165's primary departments , middle departments players collected to secure response for the questionnaire of player's psychological skill which consisted of these method and enforced the statistical analysis which based on the date analysis procedure Each psychological skill factor indicated suitable correlation numerical value in multivariate of analysis as analysis result Therefore, man players showed high level more than women players in pride and the most suitable awakening factor on the multivariate of analysis of psychological skill according to sex and medium department player showed awakening condition of high level and attention concentration more than primary department player on the sub- factor multivariate of analysis of psychological skill according to grade

This study was for the analysis of EMG(electromyography) change of elementary school baseball players according to career. For the performance of this study, subject was done dividedly 5 trained group, 5 non-trained group and 5 control group. In that result, it was shown that EMG value at deltoid, latissimus dorsi & pectoralis major significantly increased control group rather than trained & non-trained groups, at extensor carpi radialis & flexor carpi ralialis significantly increased trained & non-trained groups rather than control group in arm-cocking phase. In arm acceleration phase, there was significantly increased at deltoid & biceps significantly increased control group rather than trained & non-trained groups and extensor carpi radialis & flexor carpi radialis was significantly increased trained & non-trained groups rather than control group. lastly, there was significantly increased control group rather than non-trained groups at deltoid in deceleration phase.

The purpose of this study is to find the factors of elementary school children's stress and to compare of stress factors of elementary school children due to participation of physical activities after class. The subjects were 1,016 elementary children who live in Gwangju city and Chonnam province. The scale was used stress scale for elementary children which was made by this researcher. The results were as follows; 1. In analysis contents of elementary school children's stress, First factor was stress related their play, the Second factor was stress related their learning, the third factor was stress related their friends, and final factor was stress related their physical activities. 2. In analysis between sex and grade, boys shows higher stress related play, friends than those of girls, but girls shows higher stress related learning than that of boys. The grade had not effect to their stress. 3. The group more like physical activities shows lower stress related their friends than lower of that, and the group who recognized their ability of physical activities as high shows lower stress related physical activities than that as lower. 4. In analysis compare between group which participated in physical activities after class and group which had participated in those, participation group shows lower stress related their play and physical activities than the group didn't have participated in those. The factors of frequency and periods of physical activities participation influenced elementary school children's stress.

The present study was carried out with 5th‐graders with the object of examining the effects of elementary students’ sports participation with their peer status. For this purpose, a survey was conducted with 100 male and 94 female 5th‐graders, so a total of 194 elementary students using a questionnaire composed of 6 questions on the degree of sports participation. In addition, peer status was surveyed by providing the children with a list of classmates of the same gender and an answer sheet, asking them to choose ‘the best friends,’ ‘the classmates I want most to sit together,’ ‘the classmates I want most to invite to my birthday party’ and ‘the classmates I hate to be together,’ 3 for each. By analyzing the answers, we divided the students into 6 groups according to peer status. Those whose peer status was ambiguous and those who were unclassified were excluded, and sports participation was analyzed with 142 students in the popular group, the ordinary group, the rejected group and the neglected group. According to the result, statistically significant difference was observed among the groups of different peer status in whether to participate in sports, sports participation period, and subjective athletic ability, but no statistically significant difference was observed among them in sports participation type, sports participation frequency and activeness of sports participation. These results suggest that, through sports participation, elementary students can enhance their sociality and play a leading role in peer relation based on high athletic abilities. Accordingly, elementary students’ sports participation had positive effect on their peer status.

The purpose of this study was to examine The Influence of leisure sports participation of primary school skating player on psychological stability. Accordingly, the study hypothesis and models were set based on the preceding study and theory, and as for variables, the individual character was set as a background variable, the motive for leisure sports participation of primary school elite skating player as the independent variable and the psychological stability as the dependent variable. This study selected primary school elite skating player enrolled in leisure participation institutes in korea skating union. and as for the method for sampling, a total of 135 were surveyed using cluster random sampling. A question an naire was used as a survey tool of this study, and t-test and one way ANOVA were used to verify the study hypothesis. And multiple regression analysis was used to check the effect of the motive for skating player's participation in Leisure on the psychological stability. The conclusion drawn through the above study method and procedure is as follows: First, as for the difference in the motive for leisure sports participation depending on the individual character, male was proven to be higher than female in Participation intensity, a school a high class with parents of students and a significant difference was found to exist between the two class. Second, as for the psychological stability depending on the individual character, there was no significant difference in autonomy and the factor for happiness between the two sexes and class, career, Third, as for the effect of the motive for leisure sports participation on the psychological stability, participation motive, participation expenses, participation intensity, participation period of statistically significance influence psychological stability.

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rope-skipping training on physical fitness(arm, leg and back strength, power, muscular endurance, flexibility) and cardiorespiratory function(HRrest, VEmax, VO2max/kg) in male(n=7) and female(n=7) elementary students. The rope-skipping trained 50 minutes per session, 5day a week for 8week. The results of this study are as follows: Arm strength, leg strength, back strength, power and trunk flexion were found to have the significant increase of each group. HRrest were significantly decrease, whereas VEmax and VO2max/kg were significantly increase of each group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that rope-skipping training can contribute to the better benefit physical fitness and cardiorespiratory function in elemental school boys and girls.

The purpose of study is to apply the basic data for effective instruction of Taekwando instructor by analyzing the recognition of disposition of trainee and the characteristic of trainee aimed at trainees of Taekwando. To achieve the study purpose, questionnaire related with this study, was made by the meeting of expertise and preliminary study together with questionnaire of Yang, Hyun-Suk(1999) and Lee, Sik(1999) and Yu, Seung-Kwan(2001) and Shin, Byeong-Hyun(2002) Lim, Tai-Hee(2006) used in previous study. And the questionnaires were distributed to trainees of 10 Taekwando halls registered in Taekwando association of Kyeonggi-do aimed at 727 people among total 750 trainees except for improper number of trainee. According to the purpose of study, x² examination was carried out by SPSS statistics program. The conclusion is as below. According to the purpose of study, x² examination is carried out by SPSS statistics program. The conclusion is as below. Instructor scolds severely for trainee's fault and mistake but coaches them with great interest. In the other hand, very seasoned trainee shows contrastive reaction such as partiality And most trainee shows positive reaction for the reliability of instructor and self training of instructor. The trainees recognize that the propriety is the most important part of instructor and they look forward to the appearance of instructor. In conclusion, Instructor shall need the continual self-examination and effort to satisfy the trainee for systemic instructor method and revitalization of Taekwando hall. And Instructor shall try to be more active and responsible instructor with continuos concern and affection toward trainee when instructing trainee.

Is leaving a purpose grasp the influence that Ball sports program education is mad to physical strength to development anger Developmental Coordination Disorders Children of 7～9 years old. and is systematic, and develop in desirable educational programs, and improve Developmental Coordination Disorders of development anger Developmental Coordination Disorders children, and bring up confidence regarding sports, and to form basic physical strength and physical own concept. The object of study executed three grade of (age 7～9) jung Movement Assessment Battery for Children(M-ABC) inspection in case of Jenllabuk-do K, and did man schoolchild 12 people admitted to development anger Developmental Coordination Disorders(six experiment group, six control group) to the study objects. Data process of study executed t-test, and reliability verification of a physical strength factors test item used Pearson correlation count. As a result of having watched about the influences that Ball sports program education had on to physical strength of a development anger Developmental Coordination Disorders child, experiment group appeared so that there was the difference that noted to a power elevation(p<.05), group liver so that there was the statistical difference that noted(p<.05). Difference that noted in lightness anger between experiment group and control group, groups did not appear

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of accomplishment motivation degree on physical self-description, physical interest and physical motor performance of elementary school students. To this end, questionnaire was distributed to 248 students sampled from S elementary schools in B metropolitan city, to collect data for the accomplishment motivation degree of physical self-description, physical interest and physical motor performance and its analysis. And for the statistical analysis of the data, SPSS/PC+ Win 15.0 statistical programs was employed and the findings ar follows: 1) As for the physical self-description by accomplishment motivation groups, high motivation groups(boys and girls) appeared to have higher level of awareness than low motivation groups(boys and girls) in the facts of fat/slim, physical appearance, physical activity facts. 2) As for the physical interest by accomplishment motivation groups, high motivation girl groups appeared to have higher level of awareness than boy groups in the facts of interest, satisfaction, participation facts. 3) As for the physical motor performance by accomplishment motivation groups, high motivation groups(boys and girls) appeared to have higher level of results than low motivation groups(boys and girls) in the facts of 50m track, sit-ups, fitness level facts.

The major purpose of this investigation was to test the effects of achievement goal orientation and participation motivation on the physical education attitude in elementary school physical education classes. The participants were 647 elementary school children(boys 319, girls 328) in the Jeonnam Province and Gwangju Metropolitan City. The measure instruments include Korea elementary student versions of the task and ego goal orientation in physical education classes, physical education participation motivation, physical education attitude questionnaire. The analysis of data were executed descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, univariate ANOVA, pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. The conclusions obtained from this study: 1. In the analysis of gender different on all measurement variables, there are significant different in task goal orientation, intrinsic motivation, health and fitness improvement. 2. The finding revealed that task goal orientation and intrinsic motivation predicted positive physical activity experiences. 3. The finding revealed that task and ego goal orientation, extrinsic motivation predicted health and fitness improvement. 4. The finding revealed that ego goal orientation, extrinsic motivation predicted low-confidence and low-participation. 5. The finding revealed that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation predicted negative emotion.

The purpose of this investigation was to test the ability of the theory of planned behavior to predict elementary school children's current and future physical activity. Secondary goals were to provide important descriptive data(behavior attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control) on elementary school children's behavior intention and to examine for gender differences. The participants were 557 elementary school children(boys 270, girls 287) in the Jeonnam Province and Gwangju Metropolitan City. The participants are completed questionnaires assessing the planned behavior theory constructs as well as current and future physical activity scale. The analysis of data were executed descriptive statistics, MANOVA, pearson correlation, and multiple regression. The conclusions obtained from this study: 1. In the analysis of gender different on all measurement variables, there are significant different in emotional behavior attitude, current and future physical activity. 2. The finding revealed that three measurement variables(behavior attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control) predicted behavior intention. 3. The finding revealed that behavior intention and gender predicted current and future physical activity.

The purpose of this study is to examine how Achievement orientation and Participation motivation affect school life satisfaction through sports service satisfaction. Through CFA and SEM, the purpose of the study is achieved. The survey was carried out with 243 participants, students of Seoul area primary school. The data was analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.9. The result of the study is summarized as follows: Firstly, Participation motivation and Achievement orientation influence each other interactively. Secondly, Achievement orientation influences Sports Service Satisfaction. Thirdly, Sports Service satisfaction influences School life satisfaction. Finally, Achievement orientation influences School life satisfaction indirectly through Sports Service satisfaction.

The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of SECI model applying learning on studying motive and pleasure in elementary physical education class. To achieve this purpose, the 69 S elementary school students in DaeGu were participated and devided as experimental group(n=34) and controlled group(n=35). The effects were verified by using Goudas's motive questionnaire(1994). Independent sample T-test were executed to verify the consubstantiality between two groups. and paired sample t-test were carried out verify the effects of SECI model applying learning between two groups. The results are as follows. First, SECI model applying learning had a positive effect on studying motive when compared with general PE class. Second, Students didn't show other-oriented participation. Third, there were no differences in pleasure between SECI model applying learning and general PE class.

This study aims to examine the effect of 12 weeks jazz dance program on physical fitness in preschool children. 14 children(5～7 years) were divided into exercise group and control group. Exercise group participated in jazz dance program by 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The program was composed of total 50 minutes including warm-down, cool-down. The preliminary test was conducted by measurement of physical fitness before application to the jazz dance program, and same measurement was conducted after 12 weeks. The test items of physical fitness were running long time with one foot(muscular endurance), standing long jump(power), shuttle run(agility), standing on one foot(balance), trunk-hip forward flection(flexibility). Jazz dance program significantly increased records of muscular endurance and power(P<.01). At the muscular endurance, exercise group appeared more higher record than control group. And there is increased in the record of agility(P<.001) and flexibility(P<.01) after 12 weeks, but there is no significant increase in the record of balance. In conclusion, 12 weeks jazz dance program positively influenced the muscular endurance, power, flexibility of preschool children.

The purpose of the study was to identify the emotion of the preschools through a consecutive dance sports education as special extra-curriculum. A total 34 elementary students were randomly assigned in the dance sports group(17) and control group(17). Subjects selected in this study participation in dance sports in 2 time/week for 12 weeks. Exercise emotion were collected two pre-assessment (bottom line) and post-assessment (week 12) with same assessment tools and methods. We used of experimental design, which consists of test group and control group and 2×3 factorial design with repeated-measures which is composed of time in measurement. The analyzed data were obtained through comparative analysis of preceding studies that are similar to this study and the result was as follows: Consecutive participation in preschoolers' dance sports education is helpful for positive improvement of emotion such as positive achievement, recovery of energy, physical fatigue, tranquility. A series of this result is a very meaningful one to preschoolers' education and physical activity area and may be utilized as a basic data for whole-man development that is the final target of the education of preschoolers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concepts of enjoyment of Korean and American children in participating physical activities. To achieve this purpose, the 36 Korean and 34 American elementary students were selected as participants. American elementary students were third, fourth and fifth grade students go to in the New Haven area. Korean students were fourth and fifth grade students of D elementary school, estimated possible to collect the data for performing this research, in Dae Gu, Korea. The data were collected by opened-questionnaire and in-depth interviews. and The students' opened-questionnaire and interviews were analyzed via the concept of enjoyment by SoonYee, Park(2001). As a result of this study, Korean and American elementary students were experiencing various enjoyments in participating physical activities. The concepts of enjoyment were classed as 4 categories. The categories were 'self confidence', 'amusement', 'physical health and getting rid of stress', 'team spirit'.

The purpose of this study was to improve elementary physical education instruction through analyzing the teaching behaviors of the elementary physical education specialist utilizing the peer instructional supervision model(peis). To achieve the purpose of this study, 2 man teacher selected for participants and accomplished a case study on the basis of naturalistic inquiry method during 1 year. The data of this study were collected by the participant observation and in-depth interview. Spradley's(1979) case and taxonomy, inductive content analysis were used to interpret the data. The trustworthiness of data was checked through member checks, peer debrief and triangulation. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. First, negative class atmosphere solution leads it reduces ill educational tendency of physical education teaching behaviors. Second, re-composition of subject contents and observational experience of physical education teaching behaviors it led overcame the dilemma of teaching. Third, reduce off-task behavior by definite presentation of task behavior such as definite cue offer about learning task. Fourth, through the high class execution ratio and reflective conference, removed negative effect element to get in physical education class.

In these days, There is an insist that we have to deal with the factors in physical education culture as an way to pursue the extrinsic and intrinsic values. This is the role of elementary physical education to be guided students to physical education culture. Then, What will we teach students to be entered physical education culture? There is no reference about it concretely. So, To find out the factors of physical education culture is prior to others. For this, I search the common points of 'The social practice' by Maclntyre and the factors of physical education culture. At the same context, I look out 'the factors that is consist of social practice' by Meyer and on the basis of this, I seize the factors of elementary physical education in cultural side. Here is about soccer as one of examples. In the cultural side of physical education, I analyze the curriculum that is based on the factors of elementary physical education in cultural side and rearrange it systematically to lead students to the cultural side of elementary physical education.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyzed perception of physical education objective of the students in national university of education, and to evaluate concern on physical education subject, and provide basic data for researching of the physical education so that we can make efficiency of physical education learning. The subjects were collected 1268 students in Gwangju, Gongju, Geongju, Jinju national university of education. The scale for the study was PPCF(Purpose Process Curriculum Framework) that Laplante(1973) evolved, and Jewett and Mullan(1977) systematized, and Cho, Mi-Hye changed. The results were as follows; First, male students in national university of education showed higher than that of the female students in national university of education in perception of physical education objective of physical efficiency, psychological stability, space sense, object operation, communication, group interaction, cultural participation. Second, there were difference by grade in perception of physical education objective. There were no difference in perception of physical education objective in group interaction, and showed it higher, the grade higher. Third, the students of the physical education showed higher than that of art and music, human, science department in perception of physical education objective of physical efficiency, psychological stability, space sense, object operation, communication, group interaction, cultural participation. Fourth, the students have motor skill showed higher than that of the students have not motor skill in perception of physical education objective of physical efficiency, psychological stability, space sense, object operation, communication, group interaction, cultural participation. Fifth, the students like subject of the physical education showed higher than that of the students didn't like subject of the physical education in perception of physical education objective of physical efficiency, psychological stability, space sense, object operation, communication, group interaction, cultural participation. Sixth, the students recognized the importance of the subject of the physical education showed higher than that of the students didn't recognized the importance of subject of the physical education in perception of physical education objective of physical efficiency, psychological stability, space sense, object operation, communication, group interaction, cultural participation. When putting these findings together, It's judged that students in national university of education must improve motor skill and recognized the importance of subject of the physical education and like it, and especially, must guide female students to concern subject of the physical education and actively participate in physical education.

The purpose of this study was to understand the forming and activities of the elementary school teachers-initiated research organization. For this purpose, a qualitative case study was conducted on Hansung Teachers' Research Organization for Physical Education(H-TROPE) and four members who participated in that research organization. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interview, and documentation, then were analyzed by inductive categorized analysis. We found that according to the major affairs happened, forming process of H-TROPE was devided into three periods: the quickening period, growing period, and transition period. And the aims members participate in H-TROPE were revealed as developing own profession, activating physical education, and making personal network. The major activities of H-TROPE included training program and workshop for teachers, consulting, publication of bulletin, managing homepage, and so on. The cultural characteristics of H-TROPE are discussed in terms of apprenticeship and purposeful collaborative group.

The purpose of this paper was to provide basic data which might contribute to practice the right value and meaning of Taekwondo in the education field and standardized Taekwondo classes by investigating the current conditions of Taekwondo classes and finding a solution for them. For that purpose, a survey was done among 306 teachers including teachers who participated in the job training and regular in-service training, teachers at many elementary schools in C city, Gangwon-do and Y city, Gyeongsangnam-do, and elementary school teachers in the graduate school at H University. The results of this study were as follows: First, male teachers were at better understanding of Taekwondo classes than female teachers and also teachers who directly or indirectly experienced Taekwondo understood it better than the teachers who had only little interest in Taekwondo. The teachers with little interest understood Taekwondo sperficially and had only fragmentary knowledge and little understanding of practical knowledge concerning Taekwondo and its classes. Furthermore, the actual classes had been disturbed by a number of restrictions and problems due to the teachers' poor awareness of Taekwondo. Second, only when the reform of university entrance examination and employment system, expansion of Taekwondo education through in-service training for teachers, revitalization of developing physical education teachers exclusively, employment of external instructors and active support for administrative agencies related to Taekwondo happen, the Taekwondo classes will be back on the right track.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between types of leisure activity and leisure satisfaction of college students for elementary education. The subjects were sampled 163 college students from Cheongju National University of Education, which was selected according to purposive random sampling method. The questionnaire was leisure satisfaction scale developed by Beard and Ragheb(1980) which was revised by Lee(1992) into Korean. It was consisted of the psychological, educational, social, physiological, relaxational and environmental satisfaction. Responses were made on 5-point scale. The method of statistics used to analyze the collected data was frequency analysis, crosstabs, one-way ANOVA. The results of the analysis was as follows : First, The types of sports leisure activity was the most highest in the types of leisure activity. Second, The types of sports leisure activity was the most highest in the leisure satisfaction. The types of sports leisure activity among collegiate for the elementary education has influence on the psychological, educational, social, physiological satisfaction.

The purpose of this study is after analyzing how the folk game parts in the 7th curriculum of elementary school are composed and then, on the basis of the results, to look over the perceptions of the national university of education students, the pre-teachers, on the folk game class. The participants of research were 4 students(1 male and 3 females) who had expressed their will to participate in this study, among fresh students of the department of physical education, D national university of education, in the second semester of 2006. The collection of research material(data) was done first of all by collecting physical education subject-related materials in 7th curriculum of elementary school in addition to an in-depth interview, and the analyzed material & methods include the contents of physical education subject course of the 7th curriculum in elementary school, the case-recording methods, an inductive category analysis, and a tri-angulation method to secure the truth of material(data). The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, it's found that folk game contents in the 7th curriculum of elementary school were composed of total 29th hours including 17th hours of compulsory activities, 12th hours of elective activities. Second, the object category in students' perception survey on folk game class includes their overall perceptions on the class, a perception on the contents of folk game, and on the teaching methods, and on the class evaluation. Third, it's found from their overall perceptions survey that they have perceived folk games as a valuable thing due to being proper to our country and a folk game giving the joys of life. Fourth, it's found from their perception survey on the class contents that the contents have included the parts needed to correct, they are of superficial knowledge, and are composed of fragmentary knowledges. Fifth, students have perceived that the types of teaching methods were of play-focused class, theory acquirement through practice, and cooperative learning model. Finally, it's found in the perception evaluation of students on the folk game class that the evaluation is focused on its origin and tradition, cooperative spirit and harmony.

The purpose of this study was to analyze how the dance activities affect the body image of elementary school students by group(participation, non participation of dance activity). This study was carried out through the administration of individual self-response questionnaires. The subjects were girls of elementary school students by 3, 4, 5, 6 grades. The questionnaires were divided into three factors(body attractive, body condition, body intensity) from 18 items for measuring the satisfaction at each part of a body and body abilities. The results were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and were subjected to the ANCOVA( analysis of covariance). As a result of analyzing the data obtained, several conclusions were reached. In general, students of particularly interested in dance activity and very satisfaction of participating the dance activity were more satisfied with their body image. Whereas girls of the elementary school students in this study exhibited broadly similar characteristics in terms of the major of dance, and the career, the frequencies, the intensity of participating the dance activity. These results point to the possibilities of using the dance activity for the development of the self-confidence of body, and the positive thought in elementary school students.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the athletic activity contents in the physical education curriculum & the textbook of elementary schools, focusing on giving an information for systematic teaching of athletic activities. The object of analysis in attaining this purpose was the athletic activity contents in the physical education subject course of the 7th curriculum & textbook of elementary school, the analysis contents items included the total lesson hours and compulsory & selective activity contents of third, fourth, fifth & sixth grade athletic activity parts in the 7th curriculum of elementary school, the suitability of unit's title, the property of contents composition, and in addition, the learning objectives and the concrete contents of physical education subject textbooks of third, fourth, fifth & sixth grade were analyzed. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, it's found that the athletic activity sections in the physical education subject course of elementary school's 7th curriculum were composed of total 9th hours of 6th hours compulsory activity and 3th hours selective one in case of third grade, total 9th hours of 6th hours compulsory activity and 3th hours selective one in case of fourth grade, total 15th hours of 9th hours compulsory activity and 6th hours selective one in case of fifth grade, and total 15th hours of 9th hours compulsory activity and 6th hours selective one in case of sixth grade. Second, it's found that there were duplicate or similar contents in a unit's title and in contents-composition respect, and some parts unsuitable for each grade were needed to correct. Third, since the objectives of learning according to each grade in textbook sometimes were abstract so that students were under a hard in understanding them, therefore it's needed to be more concrete. Finally, the specific contents in textbooks should be composed of with the ones suitable for each units or activities, illustrations or pictures are also needed to be more faithful to the contents of the textbook.

The purpose of this research is to verify the relationships between elementary schoolers' Perceived Motivational Climate and Achievement Goal Orientations in Physical Education class. I measured Perceived Motivational Climate and Achievement Goal Orientations of 363 elementary schoolers. (185 boys and 178 girls) I analyzed the result through exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. All the subordinate factors were either highly or lowly correlated, except for the relation between achievement goal and teachers' learning tendency and the relation between achievement goal and goal orientation without efforts. Also, it was proved that students' learning tendencies and competitive traits meaningfully predict achievement goals and performance-approach goals, whereas teachers' learning tendencies and students' concerns of making mistakes meaningfully predict students' task-avoidance goal.

In educational accountability and physical education, the first educational accountability for the elementary physical education is to convey various meaning and values to learners having elementary physical education curriculums. In addition, it means to communicate and encourage learners to accept and understand those kinds of meaning and values. We should make the accountability of physical education to be recognized performance of important roles as a course of elementary physical education as we correctly convey educational values and meaning of learning physical education. It could be explained that external accountability is for the accountability about the evaluation including visible and formal aspects, while internal duty is for internalization through understanding, acceptance, and enforcement about curriculums.

The purpose of this study was to put the data necessary for searching the scheme to develop the certification system of the teachers in early childhood physical education, by understanding the present status of the training system of the system. For the study, we selected the major ones among the institutions issuing the Certification of the Teachers in Early Childhood Physical Education. We examined the subject, the curriculum, the object, the time, the verification method. As a result of the examination, the institutions issuing the Certification of the Teachers in Early Childhood Physical Education appeared to be operated beyond control without special regulation and assessment for the training process. Thus, the conclusion of this study is that the improvement of the certification system is required urgently. And, as the improvement method, we suggest that should offer the authorized programs, institutionalize the strict qualification rules for the teachers in early childhood physical education and make the conditions that they can be acknowledged in the society.