Earticle

Mokpo city government(木浦府) was confronted with the urban problems caused by the urban growth, similarly with other cities in Colonial Korea under Japanese rule. While Mokpo city government submitted the Mokpo city street improvement(市區改 正) and the sanitary sewer infrastructure development, the Japanese Government General also decided the Mokpo urban plan to solve the urban problem. Despite of the historical importance of these plans, the plans made by Mokpo city government and the Mokpo urban plan by Japanese Government General have received limited scholarly attention. Therefore, the object of this study is to investigate the plans for Mokpo in Colonial Korea with the historical planning perspective. This study presents the decision making process of these plans for Mokpo and investigates the contents and the characteristics of them. According to the planning agents, contexts and characteristics of the plans was completely different. Mokpo city government designed the city street improvement for the outskirts of the town in 1928 and made the sewer plan for the whole city. Because of the lack of the finance, the city street improvement was not implemented. And the sewer plan was only executed to the area of the town. Meanwhile, the Japanese Government General decided the Mokpo urban plan that was the first legal urban plan in 1937. It was different from the Mokpo’s plan including the construction of Mokpo port, the diversion of the railroad, etc. in the national land plan. The planning area was set up the range that exceeded the administrative district. Interestingly it tended to parade the orderly appearance and the richness to the outside. As the study was restricted to the urban plans for Mokpo city at the stages of decision making process in the Japanese colonial era, it has limitations to explain influence after implementing them. Nonetheless this study has a meaningful importance that demonstrates the substance of the urban planning during the Japanese Colonial Rule for Mokpo city.

The unequal distribution of regional income in Korea has been apparent since early 1960s. The regional income inequality has been considered as an important factor not only fostering conflicts between regions, but also impeding social harmony. Per capital income, which is measured as 'GRDP/population', is one of the most frequently used indices to measure the degree of regional income inequality in the previous literature. However,there have been criticisms on the use of this measure because in general there is a mismatch between the residents and employees in the regions. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of economic inequalities between four major metropolitan areas outside the capital region of Korea (Seoul Metropolitan Area) using both GRDP/population and GRDP/employees indices. The Gini index of overall income inequality was decomposed in the between-region and within-region components. The empirical findings of the analysis show that the overall incomes of Busan and Daejun are higher than those of Gwangju and Daegu over the period bewteen 2005 and 2009. Moreover, The widening income gap has been identified among the metropolitan areas outside the capital region of Korea.

The main target of urban regeneration program is to revitalize declined old downtown in a city. However, there have been analytical problems, in particular,implementation programs in order to attain the ultimate goals as experienced in advanced countries, Japan, Europe, U.S.A. etc. In order to tackle this problems, it is essential that local governance and partnerships for cooperation between public-private sectors and citizens as wells as stake-holders should be considered creating social capitals based on many ideas and techniques. Here, the local governance components are merchant committee,inhabitants committee, NGO, specialists, and civil servants. This paper aims to analyze the influence of local governance on social capital, focused on the urban regeneration projects/programs of old downtown in Masan Hapo District of Changwon City. For the study, we collected 501 questionnaires, but 15 unfulfilled questionnaires were discarded, and,finally 486 collected questionnaires were analyzed by factor analysis. The results of this paper are as follows: The degrees of cooperative decision, solidarity, and recognition are positive effects on the trust for civil servants, NGO, and religious groups. Especially, to increase the trust in society, we need to enhance the degree of cooperative decision. In conclusion, we expect the cooperative decision among the local governance components related in urban regeneration programs, the offering in opportunity to recognize local governance, to contact NGO will be an essential device to increase the trusts, participations,networks, and social tolerance as social capitals.

This paper aims to analyze the main legal issues of cash settlement on redevelopment projects and to elicit policy implications considering the housing market conditions have been changed. There are few articles regarding cash settlement on the 'Act on the Maintenance and Improvement of Urban Areas and Dwelling Conditions for Residents' and the articles are insufficient and incomplete to deal with conflicts. As a result, it is inevitable to be arbitrated by the court judgement for an each lawsuit. The results based on the analysis of 26 legal cases regarding cash settlement are as follows. The main legal issues can be classified to 5 categories: 1)qualified subjects for cash settlement, 2)estimation guidelines, 3)the relation between cash settlement and ownership transfer or deprivation of member's qualification, 4)the duties of implementor, and 5)the etc. Among 26 cases, 50 percents(the 13 cases) are related to the 3rd category issue. It means that the absence of the article ruled the relation between cash settlement and ownership transfer or deprivation of member's qualification is the most important background of conflicts. The point of the 2nd category issue are the date of estimation, the inclusion of residential compensation, and the deduction of the project cost. It needs to provide additional articles on the Act and to reform the institutions for coping with cash settlement process.

The introduction of semi-agricultural zoning system in 1994 is regarded as one of the primary causes of promoting haphazard land uses at the urban fringe, which created negative externality(e.g., the water pollution due to the illegal discharge of waste material). Especially, the spatially clustered footloose locations of individual manufacturers aggravated the problems. For this reason, there is a general consensus about the need for institutionally collectivizing those individually established factories by designating semi- industrial complex. To make the policy efforts effective, it is helpful to monitor the clustering patterns over time to find out when and where to concentrate the limited public resources for policy actions before the problems worsen. The objective of this paper is to build a spatial statistical analysis framework for monitoring the haphazard land use tendency attributed to the clustering of footloose locations of manufacturing firms at the urban fringe. The analysis framework comprises of two processes. One is to apply Bernoulli model for estimating the degree of spatial clustering and the other is to join Shewart chart method to the spatial clustering measures to monitor how spatial clustering tendency had changed over time. The monitoring framework was applied to the City of Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Province, Korea. It was discussed that the proposed framework made it possible for timely policy actions(e.g., the designation of semi- industrial complex) to be taken by identifying the time signaling alarms when the overall tendency of spatial clustering reaches some statistical thresholds and indicating any associated potential problems. Additionally, the factory locations contributed significantly to alarming the signal can be visually pinpointed, where the policy priority is to be put in allocating limited public resources.

This study is based on the possible problematic situations that may arise when pursuing publicly contested PF businesses and conducts an empirical analysis on value assessment that can cope with the future uncertainty. A random variable was identified for the process of evaluating the current value, and by utilizing it in the Monte-Carlo Simulation Method, a value assessment by the dynamic DCF method, which considers uncertainties in the real flow, was carried out. Next, by applying various real options to cope appropriately with possible scenarios, an empirical analysis on value assessment through binominal option pricing model was performed. It can be inferred that, although until now uncertainty was a subject of avoidance or elimination, by applying the dynamic DCF method, a more varied and flexible value assessment of the cash flow against future uncertainties can be ensured. In addition, applying the real option valuation to various risk factors can increase the business value.

This study aims at projecting the tourist demand and suggesting several counteraction methods of Jeju-do through the construction of industrial foundation and tourism industry. The methods of study include both qualitative analysis of regions and statistical prediction analysis by time series from the past. The projection is based on the projection by linear model rather than some specific model, and assumes that the population of Jeju-do and the number of tourists will follow a growing trend of logistic curve. This study refers to the population distribution, GRDP, and the tourist demand in Jeju-do, and then analyses several counteraction methods in its regions. The results of this study are as follows. The first is that the population of Jeju-do is projected to gradually reach 0.70～0.72 millions and its tourist demand will increase from 9.69 in 2012 to 19.80 in 2020, to 25.80 millions in 2030. The second is that the airport facilities need to be enlarged because of the tourist's increase of future and that Jeju's naval base & tourism harbor is needed to satisfy the rising demand of local resident and tourists in Seogwipo-city. The third is that Jeju-do needs the characteristics of both the tourist & family hotel and the lodging facilities, and Seogwipo needs to build the tourism & recreation complex housing. The fourth is that tourist spots have to be established by considering the fostering of tourism industry, the development of the Myth and History Theme Park, and the fostering of Olle in seaside.

It is generally recognized that the needs for the sense of community in apartment housing is of great importance. Therefore, various projects for community activation have been implemented by public and private sector. However the literatures show that there have been relatively few empirical research efforts to investigate the impact of the project for community activation in apartment housing on residents' satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the impact of the project on residents' satisfaction through the survey of residents consciousness and to suggest the policy directions for community vitalization based on the result. The impact of the project is investigated in terms of two aspects. One is to examine the change of residents' consciousness concerned to the sense of community prior and posterior to the project. The other is to compare the degree of the sense of community between residents affected or not by the project. The results are as follows. First, the project improved residents' the sense of the community regardless of the resident's demographic factors. Second, the project encouraged the degree of the residential satisfaction, participation in community activities, and activation of community programs, which means that the more activation of the sense of community, the more satisfaction of residents. Finally, the demand for community programs such as development of community-shared space, improvement of residential environment, and economic cooperative activities are highly recognized by the most of residents.