Earticle

This study has intended to allot roles of stakeholders in accordance with development phases of a carbon-neutral innovation city, being constructed in Chungbuk-do. To reach this goal, this study has been composed of three steps. First, this study has described the development phases of carbon-neutral new city, set stakeholders of urban governance, and major governance activities according to development phases. Second, this study has performed a survey targeting twenty one professionals related to the topic based on several premises already set. Third, this study has employed an AHP (Analytical Hierarchic Process) to draw relative importance of stakeholders participants and to set priorities of roles of stakeholders by development phases. Based on the analysis, this study has shown the following results. First, the highest relative weights have been assigned to the public participants, especially central government. Second, as for roles of public participants, both central and metropolitan governments provide administrative and financial supports for participants, Third, companies to move-in draw up guidelines in planning phase, apply carbon-neutral techniques to their buildings in project promotion phase, and make operations and management policies in operations and management phase. Fourth, residents to move-in promote awareness of carbon neutrality in planning phase, monitor the promotion process in project promotion phase and the operations and management policies in operations and management phase. Finally, academias and experts advise techniques both in planning and project promotion phases and provide administrative and financial supports in operations and management phase.

The central government of Korea announced that it will extend its rate of NRE (new renewable energy) from 2% in 2004 to 5% by 2011 in the declaration of the first year of NRE. Three national master plans have been made to extend NRE by using various supporting policies since 1997. But there were speculations that this goals cannot be achieved by 2011. The reason of this failure is because the central government has ignored the regional characteristics of NRE. Local governments are more familiar to these kinds of natural resources than the central government. And they know how to develop these resources. It is important for local governments to cooperate with central governments having expertise and finance. So this paper analyzes the regional effectiveness of these NRE policies in the respective energies by using four logical steps of policy implementation: input, process, output, and outcome. As a result, it can discover that there are some differences between urban areas and rural areas. Also, it can show the differences of policies performances between respective energies. In conclusion, it suggests that the central government has to consider the characteristics of regional differences of NRE. Radically, it is necessary to change the structure of NRE policies from input oriented support system of central government to output oriented support system of local government.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of compact city characteristics suggested for the sustainable urban form on transportation energy consumptions at the regional level, and to find the important factors for reduction of energy consumptions. The important reason to investigate the regional-level characteristics is that the characteristics of each city have different impacts on the energy consumptions. These include social, economic, and physical environments. To analyze the different factors affecting regional transportation energy consumptions, this study divides the 79 sample cities into two regional groups: Sudokwon and Non-Sudokwon areas. The correlation analysis at the regional level and the multiple regression analysis are typically used. The results show that the impacts of compact city characteristics on the energy consumptions are different between two groups. Specifically, compactness of job and mixed land use have strong relationship with the energy consumptions in the Sudokwon area, while size of population is the only factor for Non-Sudokwon area. The policy implications in this study are twofold: First, it is necessary to focus on different aspects of urban development and management for each city or regional district. Second, in case of the area with higher residential density, such as Sudokwon area, mixed land use should be more appropriate for the reduction of energy consumptions.

The present study divided the village forests in Chungju city into a total of 4 types, presenting type-specific ecological structures, local residents' perceptions and ecological management methods. The extant major distribution tree species in the forests were the deciduous broad-leaved trees, led by Zelkova serrata, and the Pinus densiflora. Used without systematic managment or left unattended, the forests were under soil compaction or had the understory vegetation destroyed and the ecological structures of vegetation disturbed by the continuous use of artificial planting, etc. Accordingly, this study put forward the ecological management methods, such as the restoration of understory vegetation, soil improvement and the restoration of vegetation to native plants, but a gradual restoration model rather than a radical one by introducing a passive one oriented to succession promotion. In terms of local residents' perceptions, the forests in Judeok-eup, formed and managed by the residents themselves, showed the very high levels of management satisfaction and perception, but required the support and management by the government. The forests in Suanbo showed the extraordinary levels of satisfaction, but the problems in facilities and management at the same time. The forests in Dongrang-myeon showed the far lower levels of use and satisfaction than those in other villages. This seems ascribable to the poor vegetation and the negligence of management by poor financial support. The forests in Gageum-myeon showed the high levels of satisfaction and use, but the low accessibility led to the poor vegetation despite continuous management.

The primary objective of this study is to analyze the economic impact of Free Economic Zone(FEZ) development project while at the same time to study the appropriateness of the existing development strategies as well as industries being induced by using Input-Output analysis. Specifically the tables of IRIO(Inter-Regional Input-Output) analysis of 2003, 2005 were used to reflect regional distinctiveness regarding the whole Free Economic Zones and as being a supplementary the National Input-Output analysis of 1998, 2008 were referred. Based on the result of analysis, the economic impact of the Free Economic Zone development project of all 6 regions found out to be lower than publicly announced data at the time it was designated. In addition, no significance could be noticed in the comparison of inducement coefficient between national Input-Output table and IRIO table. Finally, based on the result of analysis of forward-backward linkage effect and Location Quotients(LQ) analysis of 6 FEZ regions, GFEZ in the 1st phase IFEZ, GFEZ and YESFEZ in the 2nd FEZ reflected well the development strategies as well as regional specialized industries.

It has traditionally been presumed that economic growth reduces poverty mainly through trickling-down effect, but it also has a deleterious effect on the level of inequality in a society. So there have been growing disputes of social equity issues for regional development. This paper attempts to explain the concept of just growth, and discusses that it represents a linkage between economic growth and social equity at local level. It then goes on to develop an index of economic growth and social equity that are evaluated to the just growth level in 33 local government. The paper concludes with some suggestions to facilitate the use of the proposed index.

An increasing number of advanced cities are establishing museums or museum cluster to stimulate economic development and local revitalization. Today, the museum in modern society has obtained a notably broader public role than its predecessors. Facing this new trend, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the urban development strategies promoted by museum or museum cluster. The paper examines how the museum's functions have changed in modern society, from the traditional view as partner in public education to more broad view as catalyst for urban development. The analysis concentrates on location factors of museum for promoting local economic development. The research suggests some policy implications for improving city brand and competitiveness in Korean cities by museum-led development.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impacts of household's characteristics and residential environment on remodeling preference. The results of analysis in this study revealed that; First, the Cross-tabulation Analysis is conducted to study whether there is difference in housing preference according to household's characteristics. In the result, there are no differences in it's favor except for distinction of sex. Second, this study calculated the satisfaction about residential environment as to internal residential environment or external one and housing preference groups(remodeling preference group and new-housing one). Through the result of analysis, the group having a high satisfaction about residential environment prefer to remodeling housing. And the group of remodeling preference has a high satisfaction on the infrastructure. On the other hand, the group of new-housing chosen is contented with non-physical environment. After the analyzing of the difference of housing preference as to residential environment's satisfaction, it is found that the favor of remodeling is relative to not only internal residential environment but also external one. At the end, the Discriminant Analysis is executed to find out the factors affecting to housing preference. The result is that impacts of external residential factors such as 'convenience facilities' and 'road & parking' are larger than that of internal residential factors. According to the upper results, it is necessary to make a profound study of 'remodeling' in the aspect of urban planning as well as that of architectural and inner-housing design.

This paper explores the determinants of industrial land values classified by location types by means of Hedonic Price Model. Major findings from the empirical analysis can be summarized as follows: In all the models, the results commonly show that workforce in the surrounding area have a strongly positive influence on industrial land values, and that, contrary to expectations, the amount of added value of local manufacturing companies has a negative relationship with them. It is also found that there exists a distinct difference between the planned and footloose location models in terms of the effects of the parcel size and the width of the road on industrial land values. Lastly, this paper is considered significant in that it might be the first step toward a series of domestic research to break down industrial land values into its different attributes.

With the maturity of department stores and discount stores, many Korean retail companies have an interest in developing outlet shopping centers such as Yeoju Premium Outlet. To develop a successful outlet shopping center, developers should understand general characteristics of market area for outlet shopping center. Market area is the geographic area from which a retail property consistently draws most of its customers. The boundaries of the market areas are determined by a number of factors including the type and size of the shopping center, automobile and transit access, physical barriers, location of competing retail scheme, and population concentration. This study tries to analyze the general characteristics of market area for outlet shopping center from the perspective of time, because shoppers tend to choose shopping center based on the time they have to travel to shopping center. This study analyzes market area for outlet shopping center by using time sensitivity measurement(TSM). With empirical research, this study finds out the expected travel time for outlet shopping center is 52.2 minutes and the average time considered to be too long is 129.98 minutes. The indifference point(percentage of respondents who thought it was short was equal to the percentage who thought it was long) is 66.7 minutes. The optimal point(percentage of respondents who thought it was too short was equal to the percentage of respondents who thought it was too long) is 67.3 minutes. Furthermore, this study explores whether various characteristics of respondents have an impact on time preference.