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The aims of this paper are twofold: one is to examine the key concepts and ideas of Luhmann's systems theory as relevant to planning and public policy, and the other is to induce from Luhmann's theory some fresh thoughts and insights for planning. From Luhmann's systems-theoretic perspective, planning can be seen as a form of steering aimed to coordinate processes of spatial organization as determined by the interplay of the multiple number of operationally closed social systems. Luhmann's understanding of modern society as being functionally differentiated into self-referentially operating autopoietic social systems suggests that, under the improbability of transparent translation of communication between social systems, direct steering like rational planning and consensus-oriented deliberative planning necessarily fails to deal with the complexity of planning and policy issues in modern society. They are at most amount to the generation of superficial meta-languages or a blurring of the system boundaries. Then, the indirect forms of steering are, according to Luhmann's perspective, claimed to be compatible with the planning environment composed of multiple autopoietic systems with differentiated communications. It is then argued that indirect steering could be operationalized by establishing structural coupling between social systems or by steering at the level of programs.

Problems of management disposal plan on law cases and improvements are analyzed. And the final decision of the suit, including the target documents, such as documents related to legal issue through literature, reason and action lawsuit results were analyzed by 38 cases. which is into five categories. 1) Management Disposal plan are canceled(nullity) :13cases 2) general meeting resolution is nullity : 3 cases 3)transfer of property and building demolition :5cases 4) purchase payment and residential migration expenses : 8cases 5)capital gain tax and others : 9cases. Plaintiffs were unionists(28 cases) and union(6 cases), others(4 cases). And the results of suit were favorable judgment(4 cases) and partially favorable judgment(12 cases), a losing suit(including dismissal and others)(22 cases). Policy Implication suggest that abolished Multi Housing Owner transfer tax heavy taxation system and reduced permanent acquisition tax. In addition, date of the payment of liquidation money and residential migration expenses are fixed by articles of association. In conclusion, it knows that unionist of maintenance business field make it a rule to have responsibility education from the cases. Because the subject of lawsuit was that mostly unionist sued union. It shows that revised ordinance of local government to making obliged education helped reducing effect of dispute and promoting projects.

The purpose of this article is to identify what community practitioner's role would influence the empowerment of permanent rental apartment's resident positively. To do this, using data collected from the residents in a permanent rental apartment who participated various programs of the community welfare center with a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using factor reduction analysis and moderating regression method. Findings include that First, the practitioner's roles were classified into five roles like a professional resource manager, solidarity-driven social activist, intermediary integrator, enabler. Secondly, both a intermediary integrator and enabler affected to the empowerment positively. Thirdly, sex don't hold a moderating effect the relationship between practitioner's role and empowerment. Based on these results, practical implications and the improvement strategies were suggested.

The fundamental purpose of this paper is to examine the trade-off effects of the greenbelt restrictions. By removing development restrictions in the greenbelt lands, positive and negative effects can be expected in social point of view. The positive effect is the increase in efficiency of land, and the negative effect is the decrease in environmental value of the land. This paper compares the positive effect measured by land price increase with the negative effect measured by the loss of vegetation value. The main findings are follows. First, the greenbelt restrictions have been released for public-led development in many times and in many areas by public sector. Second, the land prices of various use after releasing from the greenbelt restriction have increased sharply. Among many land uses, the land of residential use revealed the highest price increase. Third, the environmental values of the released lands, measured by vegetation index(NDVI), have deeply been degraded. Among land uses, the lands for manufacturing and commercial uses showed the worst degradation. By summing up above findings, this paper concludes that there exists a strong trade-off between land price and vegetation value of the lands released from the greenbelt restriction.

This study aimed to analyse the average path length of the wind power industry network in the Honam Economic Region using the 2005 Input-Output Tables presented by Bank of Korea(2009). For this purpose, the study analysed the degree of industry specialization and the social networks needed to understand the structure of the production chains in industry specialization. As a result of analysing the average path length, it was discovered that primary industries such as iron and steel, chemical products, and motors tended to use products of other industries as intermediate materials in Honam. As a result of analysing the networks of the wind power industry in Honam, networks became connected at a higher rate than they were separated. This means that industries related to the wind power industry were well-connected with other industries. Political suggestions for the development of the wind power industry in Honam are the following. First, metal products and mechanical components for general use in the wind power industry had a high connection rate with specific industries and the structure of the networks was dispersed. Second, within Honam there exists 80% of the components used in the wind power and generator industries, and 20% of the installation and development services. In particular, the local installation and development services were weak. The third, the weight of the wind power industry in Honam was weaker than that of other industries when compared to companies dealing in plastic, metal products, components for general use, electric appliances and other devices which were not in a central location as seen in a network spring map.

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affects the decision on the consent to the redevelopment project and resettlement, targeting to dwellers and businesses in semi-industrial district. First, it is intended to composite industrial facilities and housings for businesses and residents. Providing new jobs and housings will stabilize the housing for elders and low-income householders and generating income. Second, it is a proposal to grant priority leasehold to low income consumers of housing and micro-businesses who wish to continue to reside and carry their businesses in the district for economic reasons. Third, it is necessary to provide the installation criteria of long-term lease of industrial facilities for micro-enterprises and supplying plans of customized factories according to the characteristics of individual industries and small businesses. Direction of the semi-industrial district development must be converted in order to foster the economic strength of the semi-industrial district of Seoul that is getting reduced.

Recently many researches on implementing TIF system are introduced. The TIF system is a financing or funding method for the smooth process of housing redevelopment and reconstruction projects on security of tax revenue of the local government. However in case of excessive use it can lay a burden on the local government budget. So the TIF system is supposed to be controlled as the last shift for regenerating underdeveloped areas. In this aspect this study tries to establish the appropriate criteria for the implementation of TIF prearranged zone. Methodologically the criteria for the implementation of TIF prearranged zone are fixed by the evaluation process of AHP method, which can quantify the qualitative or intuitive indicators such as decision makers' experiences to residence redevelopment policy and secure the objectivity of finding weighted value. In the process of structuring AHP hierarchy 9 indicators are chosen by experts' brainstorming. Based on these 9 indicators questionnaire survey was carried out targeting 3 groups: public officers, planners and professors, who are engaged in the field of urban and residence planning. The result of questionnaire survey made clear basically the stance of each group on the criteria of TIF prearranged zone and ultimately led to their priority decision on the 9 indicators. The priority of the indicators based on the criteria of TIF prearranged zone is presented in the following order: housing accessibility to roads, spatial proximity to the CBD, the rate of deserted houses, housing density, houses over 20 years, the number of parks, schools, the rate of land price change, and the rate of unlicensed houses. Accordingly the TIF prearranged zone for the residence redevelopment and reconstruction projects is supposed to be preferentially applied for the location oriented indicators and then the ones of physical condition.

In this study, I have tried to find out how the Korean office market have changed since the 2008 financial crisis and what has been the determining factors in deciding the price of offices. The analysis of impulse response analysis showed that the vacancy rate had been the positive effect on the price of office prior to the financial crisis but it has been the negative effect on the price of office after the financial crisis. The rent has positively affected the price of offices both after and before the financial crisis. But the analysis showed that its effect has been reduced after the financial crisis. According to the variance decomposition analysis, the change in the price of office came from the vacancy rate and the rent prior to the financial crisis. However, that has been less affected by them than its own price determining structure after the financial crisis. In addition, the impulse response analysis showed the followings; the economic growth rate has positively affected the price of office but its effect has been reduced after the financial crisis. The interest rate negatively affected the price of office before the financial crisis but its effect has positively affected the price of office after the financial crisis if it was a little bit. The variance decomposition analysis showed that the change in price of offices between periods before and after the financial crisis is affected by the price of office itself.

The purpose of this study is to understand the population and employment decentralization and the urban spatial structure of Incheon, focusing on the land use LQ by administrative diistrict 'Dong'. This study will help to suggest urban policy alternatives for inducing desirable urban spatial structure of Incheon. For this purpose, firstly the process of population and employment decentralization is analyzed through population and employment density distribution by Dong. Second, the land use LQ by Dong is calculated, using the land uses from building management registration, which are categorized into urban uses and non-urban uses. Third, The influence of the population and employment decentralization to the urban spatial structure of Incheon by regression analysis. The results of regression analysis are as follows. Firstly, population and employment decentralization is highly correlated process. Secondly. population service industry employment influence land use LQ in the opposite directions. Thirdly, sales and residential are the most prominent land uses in the process of population and employment decentralization and the change of the urban spatial structure of Incheon

This study aims at finding what factors residents pursue and are satisfied for improving their housing environments. Satisfaction and improvement surveys of housing environmental factors were conducted in the city of Daejeon and analyzed through an analytic hierarchy process. Additionally, the method of an Importance- Performance Analysis(IPA) was conducted for finding priorities of housing improvement. Results are as follows: first, it shows that a factor of 'housing maintenance costs' is the highest in importance of respondents in housing conditions improvement project and next is a factor of 'job location and demand' to improve the economic conditions. Second, in difference of improvement demand by types of respondents, it shows that a factor of 'security facilities' for women is high in demand and a factor of 'friendship with neighbors' for men and married people is high. For high earners, more highly educated graduates and younger people than 40, a factor of infrastructure like open spaces and parking lots is high in demand. Third, a result of importance-satisfaction shows that factors of 'housing maintenance costs' and 'Job location and demand' belong to section of 'Concentrate Here' and 'security facilities' belongs to section of 'Keep Up the Good Work' in IPA quadrant graph. The results objectively show conditions of housing environment in the city of Daejon from a view of residents. Therefore, it is expected that the results would be useful in determining priorities when improving housing environment.

This study aims at identifying the factors of cultural community building project that could help form the sense of community in a city. The cases of Seongnam city’s project were selected for the study. This paper employs a case study research method to examine the factors of cultural community building project that effect to form the sense of community. After reviewing the literature on the sense of community, the study focuses on the three factors that help form the sense of community; residents factor, program factor, and physical environmental factor of a community. Major findings of the study are as follows: Firstly, while some residents’ characteristics such as marital status, children’s age of a family and length of living in a community have positive effects on the formation of the sense of community, and some physical factors such as proximity and pleasant environment also have positive effects on the sense of community, these two factors seem to work for the formation of the sense of community when the program factors are designed to tailor both the residents’ characteristics and the physical environmental factors together. In other words, the program factor seems to be the most influential to bring about a sense of community while to a certain extent the other two factors have some effects on the formation of the sense of community. Secondly, the program factors also provide residents with a place for residents to get together, to talk about issues of their community, and thus to have chances of sharing a sense of community by participating in various activities of cultural programs. Thirdly, easy access to cultural program sites and a variety of cultural programs seem to induce residents’ participation too. Finally, as many stakeholders are invited from the beginning to a planing period of the cultural program, it seems also helpful for program factor to bring about a positive effect on the formation of the sense of community.