Earticle

The purpose of this study, which is based on the two examples of typical Innovative Clusters in Korea, the Innovative Cluster in Gumi and the Changwon National Industrial Complexes, is to compare and to contrast the construction levels and the impacts on the structure with each other. The main three results of this study are:First, the construction levels of both innovative clusters are quite good in agglomeration economies, labor market, network, and embeddness. While the one in Changwon gets best evaluations for agglomeration economies, labor market, network, and collective learning, there is no difference in regard to embeddness and governance. Second, in regard to achievement of innovation, the innovative cluster in Changwon shows a higher achievement than the one in Gumi. There is no difference in establishing corporations and enhancing the openness and innovation, which are the most important factors for achievement, but it differs in the ability of technical development and taking advantage of new chances.Third, according to the analysis of impacts on the structure, six components in Gumi work properly, but in Changwon, only five components (all components except for labor market) work well. Moreover, the pattern of impacts on the structure in Gumi displays very densely, while the one of Changwon does not. One of the reasons for these differences is the lack of linkage ability between labor market and network in Changwon. To make the situation worse, collective learning is not enough to affect the achievement of innovation. The results show that the most powerful elements for the achievement of innovation are collective learning and embeddness in Gumi, and embeddness and network in Changwon.

As South Korea's economic and urban growth have been continued, the development has been concentrated in Southern Seoul Metropolitan area. As a result, a demand for development has been growing in Northern Seoul Metropolitan area where the development has been relatively neglected. The purpose of this study is to find the necessity and desirable direction of Newtown Development in Northern Seoul Metropolitan Area, so this paper indicates 1) the balanced development in Seoul Metropolitan Area to solve the severe imbalance between Southern and Northern area, 2) solutions of housing problems, 3) the growth management, 4) a high-tech industrial complex development in Northern GyeongGi- Do area, and 5) a developing key position city for Inter-Korean cooperation programs in terms of the future growth potentialities in Northern Seoul Metropolitan area. In addition, this study also suggests three different kinds of urban development which can help newtown in Northern Seoul Metropolitan Area to be a distinctive and competitive city in the future. First of all, we need to develop an attractive city through reflecting consumer preferences, for example, the insurance of an accessibility to relieve the concentration phenomenon in Seoul area, building the excellent educational and residential environment, and the waterfront development. Secondly, the newtown development needs to be linked with neighbor cities to build a key position having the sufficient population (over one million people) to be the driving force of urban growth in Northern Seoul Metropolitan Area. Finally, including Hallyu-wood which is a project to make a Korean cultural tourism cluster in GyeongGi-Do, culture-oriented urban development linked with the accumulated infrastructures of cultural production in Northern Seoul Metropolitan Area is suggested.

Activity schedules are based on what kinds of activities are persued and how much time is spent for them within the given time. For trip purpose to meet individual's needs, his activity schedule and travel behavior depend on the significant elements such as the kind of activities pursued and the amount of time spent for them. The study examines relationship between social-economic characteristics and weekend travel behavior, and analyzes the factors affecting on activity duration time under the concept of activity-based analysis. Hazard rate models are applied for analysis on activity duration times. Not for simple activity time, duration time considering the sequence of activities is studied by the competing risk model, indicating that the choice and time of current activities depend on the nature and duration of the activities performed previously. The study shows the potential that the competing risk model is one of methods for activity-based analysis, which can inquire into characteristics of individual's activity duration and timing sequence. Also, the study allows to assess the assumed effects of socio-demographic variables on the timing and choice of activities. In future, methodologies for predicting the impact of individual attributes on daily activity-pattern and for analyzing sensitivity on activity transition should be developed.

Local business enabling environment of Busan metropolitan area has been evaluated in four different areas including production factors, local economic condition, policy factors and local living environment. Research outcomes of the time-series analysis indicate that overall business environment of Busan metropolitan area has improved gradually for last ten years. Looking in more details, fields of local policy factors and local living environment show much improvement, whereas deteriorating economic condition gave negative impact on local business environment. Condition of local finance and human resources indicate small improvement.Summarizing our research findings, we provide some policy implications for Busan metropolitan government to improve its local business enabling environment. First, they need to attract large firms to build a growing market for small-and medium-sized firms. In addition, improvement of local business service industry can help local economy more efficient and profitable.

In this study, fixed effect model in the one-way error component regression model has been determined. Analyzing price of apartment of reconstruction of Gangnam-gu and Secho-gu in Seoul, over a 60 period point(2002. 7.29-2007. 6.29).Case of Gangnam-gu region, this study provides empirical evidences of significance positive relationships between the price of redeveloping apartments, a numerical index of apartment price, a numerical index of deposit money for the lease of a house and approval project. The number of pyeong, the unemployment rate and consumer price index, foundation of an association, disposition of management.Case of Secho-gu region, this study provides empirical evidences of significance positive relationships between the price of redeveloping apartments, the number of pyeong, a numerical index of apartment price, a numerical index of deposit money for the lease of a house, foundation of an association, approval project, disposition of management. However, this study provides empirical evidences of significance negative relationships between a rate of interest, a numerical index of house price. The unemployment rate and consumer price index using independent variables are non- significance variables. Implication of these findings are discussed for content research and practices

It is widely recognized that the interregional cooperation is important for promoting mutual economic growth. The interregional cooperation should be implemented with the fundamental understanding for the interregional trade and industrial linkage among regions. However, the literature shows that there have been relatively few empirical attempts to analyze this issue. This study attempts to construct a multi-region input-output table for analyzing the interregional trade and industrial linkage in Chungcheong region which is consisted of Chungnam Province, Deajeon metropolitan city, and Chungbok Province. The analysis of interregional trade shows that Chungcheong region is strongly interrelated with each others. These mean that the possibility of the interregional cooperation exists. In addition, this study suggests interregional cooperation fields based on the result. Finally, the industrial linkage among regions is analyzed in terms of interregional forward linkage and interregional backward linkage.

This study explores various definitions of sprawl to derive proper indices to measure the level of sprawl in Korea. To perform this task, four indices are selected -- population-urbanized area growth ratio, population-road ratio, residential sprawl, and commuting time. The main findings are follows.First, since the main characteristics of residential development in Korea is high-density development, the American concept of sprawl represented by the single family low-density dispersed housing development does not fit in Korean case. Therefore, the density standard alone cannot be a proper sprawl index in Korea. Second, the Korean concept of sprawl is well fit with population-road ratio (infrastructure), urbanized area and commuting time standard of sprawl indices.Third, the sprawl areas spread over neighborhood cities and towns as time passes in the Capital region and the northern parts of Chungcheong region, along with other major metropolitan cities.

This study was performed to make a comparative study on facilities distribution of new and old urban central district in Daejeon. The results are summarized as follows.First, the facilities such as food and beverage, private service, business had a high distribution ratio, so that it was supposed that those were frequent facilities in urban central district.Secondly, correlation analysis was executed to examine the similarity of facilities distribution between the old urban central district and the new one. Analysis showed that a correlation coefficient was 0.866. And regression analysis was performed to derive a trend line of facilities distribution between two urban central districts.Thirdly, the facilities such as printing and publishing, clothing and accessory, lodging, retail and miscellaneous goods, furniture and industrial arts, electric machine, building materials had characteristics of concentrating in new urban central district, while the facilities as study and training, business, hospital, liquor store had characteristics of converging into old urban central district.And Finally, the facilities such as study and training, business, hospital, liquor store were major facilities of new urban central district. And the facilities as printing and publishing, clothing and accessory, lodging, retail and miscellaneous goods were major facilities of old urban central district.The results of this study expected to clue on revitalization of old urban central district and decentralization of city.

The Joseon Dynasty experienced the devastation of forests in the 18th and 19th centuries. This study insists that it resulted from the pre-modern socio-economic system of the dynasty. The social system of Joseon lacked the capacity to handle the structural problem. In the retarded social system, all the forests in the country became virtually common resources. People fought each other to get more private profits from the common resources. The people of the lower classes suffered from double and triple distress in the situation. We can consider the following three alternatives to resolve the problem: strict administrative regulation; agreement between interested parties; and authorization of ownership. Economics teaches that the last one is most effective. However, this study points out all the alternatives useless in those days because the social system itself of the country was totally corrupted, outmoded and incompetent.

The propose of the study is to behavior analyse for sustainable development policies on the East Sea in the Province of Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea according to its planning, usefulness, preservation, ecological environment and administrative management. The results as followingFirst, as for its planning aspects, the Provincial Government of Gyeongsangbukdo and related cities and counties around the East Sea have more answered which is not established planning. Moreover, currently, execution of program under planning were average 3.4 and in near future 3.6 respectively. Second, current resource use status is average 3.2. Later it will move to 3.4 point in usefulness aspect. Marine resources taking up the highest portion among resources are the sea level, seashore, fisheries and deep sea water. Third, ecological environment regarding restoration has average 3.4 while future ecological environment expectation is 3.2. The most crucial problem we faced in marine ecosystem is severe desertification of sea. Fourth, preservation status in current is 3.1 and future 3.4 in the sector of preservation. The biggest problems in the present are the desertification of the sea, sea corrosion, environment pollution. Fifth, administrative management function is evaluated 3.1 and incoming 3.6 respectively. The most important parts in administrative management functions are budge, human resources, and organizations in order of its importance

This paper explores the issue of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED) and its application into Korea. During the past several decades, the crime rate and the level of fear of crime in urban area have been increased. The advanced countries keep conducting researches on CPTED so that they adopt SBD, urban policy and others in order to decrease the crime rate as well as increase the sense of safety. On the other hand, there are few concerns and researches regarding such issues from the urban planning perspective in Korea. This study aims to review the concept of CPTED, finding out the current efforts on CPTED both in Korea and the advanced countries and examining the cases. Finally, this study suggests some recommendations to make urban places more safe.

This paper analyzed the tendencies of regional income disparities as well as their relationship with economic growth. This study found evidence of convergence of regional incomes for the sample period 1965 to 1990 while regional incomes diverged for the sample period 1991 to 2005. The Granger causality test showed one-directional causality from the economic growth to the regional income disparities for the whole sample period 1965 to 2005. It was also found that the economic growth caused the convergence of regional incomes while regional income differential did not influence the economic growth. However, there was no evidence of causality between the economic growth and regional income disparities for the sample period 1991 to 2005. It was concluded that the knowledge-intensive economic activities partly explain the recent renewed tendency of the regional incomes to diverge.

The purpose of this paper is to find determinants and region-specific difference of preference for present residential area. An empirical analysis is applied to the survey data in which households are clustered into 21 regions in Seoul metropolitan area. First, preference for residential area is analysed by O-D type table and the reason of preference is analysed by ranking table and chart. Second, random intercept logit model, a basic form of multi-level model is applied to the survey data. First, Yongsan-gu, Yangcheon-gu, Gangnam-gu and Seocho- gu in Seoul and Seongnam-si and Yongin-si in Gyeonggi-do are highly preferred by residents. Second, among the independent variables of random intercept logit model, the variables of personal and household characteristics, such as woman, values having to own a house, married daughters and sons living close to the present house, living in apartment and the amount of asset are statistically significant and positive but the amount of income is negative. The variables of regional characteristics, such as the amount of local taxes and the increasing rate of housing price are statistically significant and positive. Third, the region-specific difference of preference for present residential area is empirically verified by the variance of random intercept logit model.

It has generally been considered that the level of regional interaction can be measured by the number of commuters who regularly travel between home and work place. The origin-destination matrix has a very useful information about the regional interaction in terms of the supply and demand for labor.The purpose of this paper is to develope the interesting idea that the logic used in the input-output analysis can be applied to the origin-destination matrix to examine the regional spatial interactions in a relatively large region. Where workers live and work can be categorized in the origin-destination matrix that can then be linked to an input output matrix that contains the information on inter-regional flows. This method is used to identify the linkages or interrelation between the regions, in terms of regional labour market area, and thus can be useful in developing better labour market forecasts.The empirical analysis has been applied to the Seoul Metropolitan area to show the changes of the regional interaction over the last ten years. The use of three time periods (1995, 2000, and 2005) makes us possible to analyse the change of commuting areas and to visualize them.