Earticle

The graph theory method which is developed by Nystuen & Dacey(1961) has been widely applied for nodal regionalization by using interaction O-D matrices. One desirable property of the Nystuen & Dacey model is the inclusion of indirect flows in addition to direct flows. But there are some problems in this model, its names, the interpretation and magnitude of indirect flows.The results of this study are as follows: ① there are no indirect flows by way of direct flows concerning flows such as passengers, commodities, and money itself. Thus, it is not necessary to consider indirect flows. Indirect flows is interpreted as transfer of information through passengers, commodities, and money among regions; ②The proper adjacency matrix is. The Nysten & Dacey model and the new model to the trips of commuters in Jejs Prefecture was applied in this study. By comparison, the new model proved to be more appropriate to the information transfer by direct commuters. Therefore, the new model was found to be more useful.

This study was performed to analyze the distribution characteristics of facilities located in the central business district of Daejeon metropolitan city. This research analyzed the agglomeration and dispersion, and the contiguity for 36 facilities in the region. This study estimated the average spatial distances of the 36 facilities. In addition, the 36 facilities were classified into similar types using a statistical analysis method, MDS (Multidimentional Scaling).The results of this study are summarized as follows;The facilities for shopping goods such as bedclothes, precious metals, cosmetics, and accessories, showed the accumulative distribution pattern while those for convenience goods such as coffee shops, drugstores, convenience stores, laundries and beauty salons, exhibited the dispersive distribution pattern. From the contiguity analysis, the facilities for shopping goods such as precious metals, cosmetics, and accessories were found to have the spatial similarity, representing that the average spatial distance from one facility to another is close. In addition, food and beverage facilities such as coffee shops, bars, and restaurants and convenience facilities such as beauty salons, convenience stores, and laundries, were analyzed to have higher contiguity relative to other types of facilities.

The drastic increase of housing prices over the last five years has caused public conflict as condominiums have became unaffordable for many people. Some NGOs have claimed that following the Korean government's alleviation of price-ceiling measures in 1999, newly-built condominiums have been overpriced by construction companies resulting in rapid rises in existing housing prices. This study aims at analyzing whether the sale price of acquisition rights of new condominiums has influenced existing housing prices and the relationship between the pre-construction price of new condominiums and profit margin of construction companies by applying a Granger model. The findings indicate that pre- construction prices of new condominiums do not have a consistent effect on existing housing prices. In addition, there is no likelihood regarding the causality between the profit of construction companies and the pre-construction price of new condominiums.

Urban area consists of compact facilities and functions and people, which are main cause of urban disaster. If we use the high technique, using computer skills, the risk of urban disaster can be reduced. For the these purposes, Busan Metropolitan Government invested 13.3 billion won to construct disaster prevention system for year of 2001~2004.This paper aims to calculate regional economic effect by construction of urban disaster prevention system using impact evaluation analysis model and etc.The results of the investment to construct the system as follows. Production effect by the construction is estimated about 31 billion, and employment effect is 230 persons, value add effect is 13.4 billion.

The Purposes of this study are to identify the structural and whole features which the non-growing type cities are currently faced with and provide the positive data which can promote them to be changed into the growing cities.Most of Non-Growing Type Cities are the small towns which are not more than hundreds of thousands in populations and have the features including (1) continuous decrease in population (especially for young ages) and aging phenomena, (2) changing into nuclear family and a-few-children family, (3) concentration of lower residing class, (4) urban industrial lag and fiscal and budgetary shortage due to it, (5) weak educational and cultural base, (6) poor urban infrastructure, (7) sudden decline of downtown and 7) alienation of development opportunity according to the unbalanced development strategy by the government. Therefore the additional outflow of population should be prevented, and the strong polities are followed against the influx of the overcetralized population in the metropolitan area. In order for this, the development of industries, the growth in income through increased employment rate, improvement of educational and cultural service as a central function, created culture or tourism utilizing the cultural resources, fiscal and budgetary improvement and maintenance of urban infrastructure, centralized support by the central government are necessary. Thus the population settlement foundation of the non-growing cities will be established firmly, and ultimately will perform their roles as the small towns which are required in the urban system and be born as growing cities through getting the foothold for growth.

This study deals with regional specialization and the creative industries in domestic metropolitan cities of Korea in terms of creative employees and further drawing some policy implications of structural adjustment based on the theory of Richard Florida arguing that fast-growing city-regions are those that manage to attract and keep creative works. His view implies that the workers in creative industries as one of the super-creative core in his classification may be the most decisive factor among others for their development in each region. The policy implemented since 1999 in Korea to set creative industry clusters in the metropolitan areas has been criticized in that it has not so much been effective in economic sense. An aim of this study is to investigate the growth of creative industry workers in domestic metropolitan areas from 1999 to 2005 using location quotients and shift-share analysis. The results show that some structural adjustment may be needed to develop existing creative industries in terms of competitive advantage. Also the Florida's theory implies that the regional policy makers may need to develop infrastructure to meet the needs for the creative worker to keep and attract them in future growth of the regions in the short run at least. This article has some limitations in that other important factors including employees to affect the economic growth of creative industries in the cities and the implications of this paper would be different with more adequate data and including other factors.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of an artificial urban ecological stream on apartment price through multiple regression method. The case studied is "Citizens' River" in Sang-Dong, Bucheon-Si.The facts found through various models of multiple regression are summed up as follows; First, the scale of an apartment is the most influencing factor on price. Second, generally, whether an apartment is beside Citizens' River or not is the secondly influencing factor. These two facts imply that urban ecological streams greatly contribute to enhancing the amenity of urban residential districts and suggest that the construction of artificial streams or the ecological restoration of deformed urban streams need to be considered as an essential element in city planning or real estate development.

The discussion on the construction of Korea-Japan undersea tunnel in main projects of UNESCAP is hot issue through activating of a transcontinental railway and an Asian highway projects. This study analyzed the influence effects such as production-induced effect, value added-induced effect, employee-induced effect in each industry according to the construction investment amount of Korea-Japan undersea tunnel using I-O, and mostly consulted materials of 2000's industrial connection analysis and authorized data that reported in the most recent.In analysis results for the effect through Asia international I-O, the production-induced amount that affected in Korea and Japan were about 41.3 and 77.5 trillion respectively. In the effect related between both countries among these results, effect that induced from Korea to Japan was around 1,000 hundred million, and Japan to Korea was around 22,000 hundred million. The amount from Japan to Korea was over 20 times.In results analyzed through domestic I-O, the production-induced amount that affected in Korea and Japan were about 54.5 and 84.6 trillion, and value added-induced amount was 19.8 and 39.6 trillion respectively. From both analysis, Japan was higher than Korea in total industry-induced money, and the reason is because of high investment construction amount of Japan. But, in case of effectuation against construction investment amount, Korea was higher than Japan in the effect that extended to other industry.From high extended-effects against construction investment amount, both Korea and Japan's industries can develop based on the project. In future, we need deep studies with other effects such as data limitation, increasing of tourist, and effects that affect to other means of transportation.

The purposes of this article are to analyze the motives and effects of vertical disintegration of the housing construction industry in Daegu metropolitan city. In particular this article examines the effects of vertical disintegration on the apartment selling price of the housing construction company. It is argued that the vertical disintegration of the housing industry has been primarily triggered by the development of upstream land market and caused by rising internal transaction costs of land in the housing construction firms. Also, the study demonstrates that the vertical disintegration increases the initial apartment selling price of the housing construction firms in terms of theoretical and empirical aspects. This study indicates that the main factor of the high apartment selling price is the double marginalization of the imperfect competitive housing market. On the other hand the excessive demand for land in the upstream market is argued to be a secondary factor. In the context of welfare issue the study indicates that the vertical disintegration of the housing market may decrease welfare of consumers as well as producers. Thus, it is argued that the vertical integration policy may be recommended by reducing internal transaction costs in the housing industry. However, the present disintegrated housing production market may be a supplementary system in which some unfavorable problems should be remedied.

Recently, numerous local governments in Korea get involved in a fierce competition with each other to lure more Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) firms in their territory because they believe that the attraction of more FDI firms would guarantee the economic well-being of their localities. Therefore, it is necessary to explain exactly what locational characteristics are important to attract FDI firms. The purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of spatial distribution of foreign direct investment firms in service sector located in Seoul Metropolitan City.Through the analysis of data collected from the Ministry of Industry and Resources, KOTRA, and the questionnaire survey, the study found that service sector FDI firms in Seoul tend to cluster according to types of business. Within the same local government, those firms tend to locate at a specific Dong-area by the types of business. The study also found that there were significant changes in the location of those firms during the period between 1997 and 2006. The survey result also indicates that the majority of FDI firms in Seoul are not satisfied with the business and living environments of their location. These findings suggest that even in the same city, the locational characteristics and factors are different among sub-regions, and therefore the city needs to reevaluate the effectiveness of the strategies for attracting FDI firms.