Earticle

This study has three goals: ① to explain the regional disparity from the viewpoint of the diffusion of innovation, which has been known to cause the economic tides, ② to analyze locational behaviour of private enterprise from the viewpoint of production organization, production system and locational stratum, and ③ to visualize those constraints which private enterprises are to face when selecting sites. Regional disparity in economic results can be considered as the equation of time, because economic innovation diffuses from large cities to smaller ones, bringing about distance decay economic growth.On the other hand, regional disparity can be considered as the outcome made by the flow of production factors such as labour force, capital, information, decision making etc. These factors prefer spatial innovative environment, which tends to be accumulated by agglomeration effects. Even though an enterprise feels dis-agglomeration economies with growing population in its site, it will not move to other cities without compensating for the loss of external economies. It's the reason why the Capital Region of Korea continues to outgrow. Locational stratum of each industry in Korea can be figured out depending on its production organization and system. Especially locational stratum calculated by linkage patterns between firms including vertical integration or horizontal networking, shows that the accumulation of localized economies will be more efficient to realize balanced regional development.

This study is purposed to contribute to the evaluation of each urban planning element by surveying specialists and professionals and to the proposal of appropriate urban management measures.For the analysis of this study, the author plotted a subjective variables and analysis model based on urban-compact-related references and reports, tested the analysis model through the first interview on professionals to prevent any efforts in the objectivity and calculation of the variables, and proposed qualitative urban-planning elements. The summary of the analysis results of the professionals' evaluation of the urban- planning elements is as follows. Firstly, in the upper standards of the Analytic Hierarchy Process Model, the weight of the property usage is over 44%. Therefore, it is approximately 1.6 times more important than transportation/telecommunication and 3.5 times than ecological environment/energy -saving or education and culture/welfare services. Secondly, the prioritized lists to consider the evaluation of urban-planning elements were accessibility of public transportation in transportation/telecommunication, minimization of commuting distance in property usage, population density and density of housing in property usage, and accessibility of green spaces in ecology environment/energy-saving.Thirdly, among the seven accessibility subcategories, four subcategories excluding the accessibility of public transportation and education facilities had weights below 0.023, and were evaluated insignificant.

This study has three goals: ① to explain the regional disparity from the viewpoint of the diffusion of innovation, which has been known to cause the economic tides, ② to analyze locational behaviour of private enterprise from the viewpoint of production organization, production system and locational stratum, and ③ to visualize those constraints which private enterprises are to face when selecting sites. Regional disparity in economic results can be considered as the equation of time, because economic innovation diffuses from large cities to smaller ones, bringing about distance decay economic growth.On the other hand, regional disparity can be considered as the outcome made by the flow of production factors such as labour force, capital, information, decision making etc. These factors prefer spatial innovative environment, which tends to be accumulated by agglomeration effects. Even though an enterprise feels dis-agglomeration economies with growing population in its site, it will not move to other cities without compensating for the loss of external economies. It's the reason why the Capital Region of Korea continues to outgrow. Locational stratum of each industry in Korea can be figured out depending on its production organization and system. Especially locational stratum calculated by linkage patterns between firms including vertical integration or horizontal networking, shows that the accumulation of localized economies will be more efficient to realize balanced regional development.

Residents desire comfortable and nice cities because living environment is getting worse. The city environment is poor in Korea and raise the quality of Korean city environment is the most important task of city policies in the twenty-first century. To raise the quality of Korean city environment, we have to consider ecologic factor that can have a dramatic effect on the development of the city. An interest in an ecological dwelling site is getting higher recently. An ecological dwelling site appears the sustainable development is a means of settling the trouble of UN Conference on Environment and Development. We have to consider ecologic factor that is suitable for us to think of eco-friendly city make residents’ lives happy. Applied to example, three places adopted as an ecological residential site in Korea and three places made up as an eco-friendly city in Japan were evaluated. As a result of evaluation, in Korea, it was mentioned that reflection of a plan factor on a social basis and an economic basis was extremely weak, whereas plan factors on an environmental basis, put topography and natural environment in good order, were main points. However, in Japan, people could confirm that there was a realistic development of community featuring, picked up the concept of “ecology.” In conclusion, for the ecological residential siteguaranteed durability, we, under the government, should make the ecological residential siteset as example. In order for it, in a private field making an investigation into the example of the community featuring advanced, we need to set up a proper standard of a study and a development scale, select a plan location which could reflect nineteen plan factors on a social, economic, and environmental basis, and set up the purpose of development and direction of this project.

This study critically reviews some opinions that New Urbanism is a part of Neo-Conservative campaign in the socio-political point of view. This study looks into characteristics and orientation of New Urbanism in terms of family value, communitarian consciousness and self-help communities. What to follow is the findings of this study. First, the linkage between New Urbanism and family value inadequately has the logical causation between two concepts. Second, it is difficult to regard New Urbanism in the same light as a communitarian approach, although we can find some conservative communitarian consciousness in New Urbanism. This study debunks that conservative groups exaggerate some superficial characteristics of the movement in favor of their logic. Third, New Urbanism as a self-help community development project is mostly based on a fictitious image.

This study aims to show a model which is designed to serve(supply) more proper houses for the elderly, by remodeling small and medium-sized hospitals that have become needed to change it's own use on the cause of the declining profitability. The two facilities - small and medium-sized hospitals and retirement houses for the elderly - have various similarities in the aspects like location, physical shape, space structure, and so on. This paper analyzed the profitability of the business by focusing on remodeling case study and then examined the technical and institutional plan for the transformation, searching for a supply method of changing hospitals with financial difficulties into houses for the elderly. In conclusion, this study found that small and medium-sized hospitals have strong potentials which may lead the hospitals to transform it's own use into retirement houses and that the project has the feasibility when it gets started.

In this study, an economic model of an urban transport system is developed to estimate the optimal bus service level considering substitution effects between car and bus. In textbook case, the service level of bus, i.e., frequency or mileage, at the first-best optimum should be set so that the marginal cost per unit bus-km is equal to the difference between the time savings generated by the marginal bus-km, and the delay due to the increase in bus mileage. However, in general, it is believed that the road congestion effect by increased bus mileage is relatively small compare with that of other road transport modes, such as private cars and trucks. Therefore, the road congestion effects are usually considered to be negligible in the analyses. On the other hand, the service level of bus considering substitution effects between car and bus should be set so that the cost of marginal bus service is equal to the difference between the time savings by the marginal bus and the total congestion effects upon road traffic due to the increase in bus mileage, i.e., upon car traffic plus upon bus traffic by itself at the first-best optimum. Hence, when the government wants to improve the service level of bus by increasing the frequency or the mileage of the bus, the trade-offs between waiting time savings of bus users and the increase in road traffic congestion should be carefully measured beforehand.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of the main and growth of the total number of floors, the use, and the total floor area of buildings in YoungDong New Town from 1970 to 2004. Research revealed that since 1970, housing use and commercial use had high levels of continued development for 15 and 25 years, respectively. However, business use was found to have developed highly much later in 1990 to the present, and only after housing and commercial uses were well underway. In other words, the latter two were highly developing in the first half of the period of advancement, whereas the former began to highly develop in the latter half.These patterns were found to be similar to those in other countries. Therefore, it is possible to apply this research to the development of other new towns.