Earticle

Korea has lots of castles to protect its territory from Japan and Chain in Joseon Dynasty. However, most of castles have been destroyed with physical, historical, and cultural heritage which are important assets to create the symbol of city. This study aims to suggest the directions of urban development to the cities of town- fortress based on analyzing those of urban spatial structure. The urban spatial structure is consisted of 5 different fields structure of wall, roads, residental area, public facilities and green space. This study finds out that town-fortress enables castle cities to specialize those of culture, history, and art for inducing the people and industries out of cities. Thus, Gaeksa, the central facility of town-fortress, as well as government facilities of town-fortress should be rebuild or preserve to make the city of historical heritage and to enrich the self-conceit of residents. Furthermore, the beautiful scenery of river and mountain near castles should be taken advantage of connecting to the historial relics, traditional culture, and locational art for making sound environment of living and business.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of Premium Outlet Malls. We examine the Shinsegae Chelsea Premium Outlet at Paju City, Gyeonggi-do, while placing them against the development of the outlet mall industry. Outlet malls are an important part of the new retail landscape. This study analyze the Element of the premium outlet across demographics. It explores seven critical factors which significantly influence customers’ perceptions of premium outlet. The summary of 7 components is classified as the visual, location, shopping backing up, human traces, mood, transit expedience, and tenant. Outlet shopping satisfaction on the relative influence of individual factors you look at, outlet malls, the locational component variables, human, visual, Tenant, outlet mall shopping satisfaction in order to support static (+) was identified as a significant influence. but, Convenience outlet mall component variables satisfaction with the passage of the negative (-) were analyzed a significant influence. The implications of this paper, pedestrian walkway, fatigue T structure, sign systems, and in position for the visitors confirmed that there is room for improvement.

As the urban management strategies focused on the public transportation system have been discussed in recent years frequently, the concerns for ‘subway station area’ have been growing. Subway is one of the major public transportations. And the subway station area has been perceived as a place that a lot of city activities take place and has a high potential in development. The purpose of this study is to review of the change of building use and to draw the factors influencing to building use at the three subway stations - Jungangno, Yongmun and Banseock - in Daejeon metropolitan area. The results are summarized as followed. Firstly, the 'retail & service' and the 'business' are the primary building use and the portion of those building use in frequency and area occupied about half of total building use at the three subway station areas. Secondly, it was revealed that the provability of the change of building use was high as the width of road was wide. Thirdly, the improve in accessibility had a great effect on the subway station area in downtown as compared with that in out -of-town. And finally, it was analyzed that the impact of subway opening was stronger at the secondary building use such as medical care, etc than the primary building use such as retail & service and business. The study considering not only physical factors but also social and economy factors at subway station area is needed in future.

The purpose of study is to see relative efficiency of companies resident in Gwangyang port-hinterland by analysing DEA first, and to elicit competitive assessment from previous studies second, and to recognize, in the end, the competitive assessment of port-hinterland by AHP model. This study aims to seek development goals and strategic activations for Gwangyang Port which plans to be the Northeast Asian leading logistics hub in a severe era of port competition as well as the changing environment of the port and logistics through the results. As a result, Dongbu Complex Logistics co., Ltd, Korea International Logistics Co., Ltd, Sebang Gwagyang International Logistics Co., Ltd, and K&K Co., Ltd are highly positioned in CCR and BCC model in terms of relative efficiency of Gwangyang port -hinterland. Logistics cost(38%) is considered the most important factor among the competitive assessments. All of those efficient companies also get costs factor important. It seems that efficient of port-hinterland regularly affects the competitive assessment by AHP. Based on the analysis results, development strategy of port- hinterland and comprehensive competitiveness measures to build the suitable port -hinterland for changes of the industrial society should be sought.

With the introduction of block grant system in South-Korea, the importance of autonomy and responsibility of local governments are being emphasized. The demand for the development of rural area, which accords with regional characteristics, is increasing rather than uniform type development, which ignores the regional characteristics. Because territorial characteristics are, in general, different among territories even within a local government, differentiated rural development strategies among territories need to be established. For this purpose, firstly theoretical background of territory-specialized rural development is reviewed and indicators for measuring the regional characteristics are developed. With this thesis, territorial characteristics in case of the County Jangseong in South-Korea has been reviewed and suggested basic guidelines, strategies and projects of territory-specialized rural developments of this County.

There has been a rapid increase in the number of knowledge industry centers (also called apartment-type factories) in Korea over the last 20 years. One of the main purposes of provisions of centers is that they could benefit from the advantages of agglomeration economies by locating near each other. However, some of the recent literature cast doubt on such advantageous effects of knowledge industry center. The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether there have been close industrial linkages among manufacturers, using the case study of three different major metropolitan cities outside Non-Seoul metropolitan area. The empirical findings of this study show that there have been very weak industrial networks among manufacturers situated in the same knowledge industry center. However, it is found that most manufactures maintain close relationships with other businesses in the same metropolitan areas, and these relationships are more strengthened when the related area has specialized industries near the knowledge industry centers.

When there is always outside risk factor opening of agricultural products market, wider application of environment-friendly agriculture which is proposed as alternative to restore competitiveness of the agriculture of the nation is a very important issue in the nation. In particular, since the number of farming households practicing environment-friendly agriculture and production amount are decreasing, it is necessary to deduce policy measures to induce sustainable conversion of general farming households to environment-friendly agriculture. Hence, in this study, based on the results of theoretical examination of the factors for selection of environment-friendly agriculture, selection probability model was configured using binomial logit model, and environment-friendly agriculture selection probabilities on vegetable culturing households in the municipalities nationwide were analyzed. Analysis results indicated that the variable of whether the households participate in producers organization has high validity and effects in all regions, and on this basis, policy effects were verified through analysis of environment-friendly agriculture selection probability by the change in the rate of participation in producers organization. In particular, analysis results were presented by being illustrated with the use of GIS so local differences may be identified. Based on such analysis results, direction for development of policy for conversion to environment-friendly agriculture in association with producers organizations like farmers group, agricultural cooperation and agricultural companies etc was proposed

At the time of shifting urban paradigm change from auto-oriented environment to pedestrian friendly environment, reinventing public friendly space have currently received great attentions in spite of losing its space since industrialization. This paper aims at identifying urban design attributes associated with urban plaza, analyzing their hierarchy and importance-performance, and proposing implications. To do this, it conducts literature review and interview with professionals in order to induce urban design criteria. Second, it analyzes the hierarchy of identified criteria between professionals and the public. Last, IPA is introduced to propose a few recommendations to make Gwanghwamun Plaza sustainable. Research findings show that 5 domains for public-ness include 'openness, accessibility, connection, amenity, and convenience' and 21 urban design criteria are unpacked. AHP discloses that 'amenity' becomes a mostly weighted domain but 'convenience' and ‘openness’ are selected different weight between groups. Finally, IPA reveals that it is imperative to amend the following facilities such as 'planting, facilities considering micro-climate, safety facilities, rest facilities, convenient facilities, and barrier-free facilities'.

This paper aims to explore the disaster characteristics in modern history of Seoul. Seoul has experienced two extreme changes during the past 80 years; drastic improvement of urban lives’ quality and sufferings of natural disasters’ risk. The results of this study argue that frequency and intensity of extremely natural events in Seoul are increasing, entailing a heavy loss. The citizens of Seoul suffered from the prevalence of epidemics right after Korean War, whereas improvements of hygienic conditions reduced outbreaks of contagious diseases. Also this study found the causes shift of fires, which means that the frequency of electric fire exceed that of oil fire due to industrialization and urbanization.

The purpose of this paper is to estimate economic effects of regional university- education policies on regional economies using an Interregional CGE Model of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) and the rest of Korea. The model examines how national and regional economic growth could rely on allocation of investments for high educational resources. The model can integrate a stylized neoclassical elasticity CGE model with linkages of education and job-experience factors with the labor productivity by region and age-cohort. This paper finds that an increase in investments on the universities by 1% of total educational expenditures leads to regional income growth of the SMA by 0.151%～0.161% with annual GDP growth rates by 0.068%～0.070%, but fails to reduce the regional income disparity between two regions. This paper also deals with a possible conflict between SMA and the rest of Korea caused by the government’s recent amendments on the SMA regulations. The conflict should be approached not through the positions but through the interests. Government as a third party should play the mediator to help the conflict involved parties to focus on their interests.

Competitiveness of the country’s farming and fishing villages is gradually dropping in step with industrial opening in the wake of FTA, decrease of rural population due to rapid urbanization, aging of rural population. On the other hand, farming and fishing villages are getting their importance more than ever because of social and economical changes such as drive of low carbon green growth, space for leisure and holidays, lifestyle focusing on wellbeing. These days, a diverse range of government-level urban-rural exchange projects are under way in an effort to boost competitiveness of farming and fishing villages, and initial survey on those villages was conducted by regional survey of “Agriculture, Forestry & Fishery Census” in 2010. And this study aims to suggest future policies through analysis of nationwide characteristics of urban-rural exchange. The study found urban-rural exchange had been carried out in 20.1% of all administrative divisions across the country. Its large spatial distribution comprised Gangwon-do for exchange of education and culture, Chungcheong-do for exchange of products, Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do for exchange for purpose of recreation and holidays. In addition to such finding, clustering areas were shown different by exchange type of humans, products, education and culture, recreation and holidays. And specialized support policies by area need to be considered.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the priorities of the urban planning factors for energy saving city. To perform this study effectively, an expert survey was conducted and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was applied to valuate the weighting of factors. The results are followed. First, from the preceding researches, 15 factors(architecture planning etc.) were deduced as the urban planning factors for energy saving city and those factors were classified into five categories; spatial structure, traffic system, environmental preservation·circulation, energy·architecture, park·green. Secondly, the AHP analysis on categories showed that the weighting of traffic system(0.282) was higher than any other categories while that of park·green(0.091) was at the bottom. And the analysis on factors revealed that the most important factors in each categories were the mixed-use development(spatial structure), the city structure oriented in public transportation(traffic system), the wastes reduction · recycle(environmental preservation·circulation), the architecture planning(energy· architecture) and the park·green creation(park·green). Finally, the analysis on the relative weighting indicated that the architecture planning was the most important factor for energy saving city. And the city structure oriented in public and green transportation were perceived as principal factors. This study has a significance as a research that suggested the methodology to find out suitable factors in urban planning for energy saving city.

After the full opening of the distribution market in 1996, its competitive power was lost and declined due to the emergence of a variety of distribution types, the change of customers consumption habits and purchase pattern. Therefore, the government began to support the modernization project of the traditional markets through the establishment of law for the activation of the traditional markets. In this regard, this study attempts to diagnose the problems of facilities modernization projects through the substantial and concrete effect analysis on the facilities modernization project of the traditional markets to provide the activation method of effective traditional markets. To achieve the goal, analyzed the overall satisfaction and substantial effect of the traditional market’s facilities modernization project by carrying out questionnaire surveys on merchants in the JinjuJungangYudeungmarket. As a result of questionnaire surveys customers were generally satisfied with the facilities modernization project and they thought that the market environment was improved after implementing the project. The customer numbers and sales amount, which show the actual improvement, also increased after implementing the project. Summarizing the results of questionnaire analysis, customer numbers and sales amount after the facilities modernization project of the traditional markets increased and the degree in the increase was low with the level of 5~20%. Therefore it was analyzed that sub-project items of the facilities modernization project, which have a significant effect on the activation of the traditional market, had a low level influence.

Super Supermarkets (SSMs) have brought important changes to public consumption patterns in using commercial facilities. In this research, location characteristics and types of SSMs are investigated to identify the changed consumer pattern. Following are the findings of this research. First, according to the analysis result, the demographic attribute is the most important factor in the locational decision. However, this research also identify that there are other location characteristics, and that through these factors, location types can be distinguished. Second, the analysis of store choice criteria for respective SSM location types suggests that consumers' selection standards change based on the location types. Third, by investigating influence of consumer's store choice criteria on consumer satisfaction and intention of a return visit, this study identifies that quality of goods and services of a store affect consumer satisfaction to a limited extent. Meanwhile, the most influential factor of consumer satisfaction turns out to be accessibility. Furthermore, the consumer satisfaction is identified as the most important factor in revisit intention.

This research intends to examine the paradigm shift of rural life in S. Korea and explore the factors of the change through the two key words of ‘rural life’ and ‘second house’. Using content analysis, this research intends to examine which factors in paradigm shift made strong effects on the change of paradigm shift in rural life, considering a variety of socio-economic changes related to rural life. The time range of this research is about 20 years from Jan. 1, 1990 to Jun. 30, 2012 and each research time period is divided by 5 year unit. As a result, the period of P1(1990~1996) was nominated as 'the quickening period' with the boom of developing second house complex in rural area. The period of P2 (1997~2002) is 'the stagnation period' of second house market while housing price was rapidly collapsed and a lot of second house companies experienced bankruptcy. P3(2003~08) can be categorized into 'the recovery period’ and second house market was gradually recovered in terms of government support. After 2009, the period of P4(2009~12) can be nominated as 'the development period' according to the increase of demands for rural life and second house. Shortly, there are increase of income by economic growth (P1), 1997 Asian financial crisis and economic recovery (P2), government supports for rural area and worldwide financial crisis of 2008 (p3), retirement of baby boom generation and social concern for wellbeing life (P4).