Earticle

｢주자대전｣과 ｢주자서절요｣ 및 ｢어정주서백선｣ 권3의 텍스트를 비교하여 종합한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 15종류의 텍스트를 비교 검토한 결과, ‘답진동보(량)’ 5종류, ‘답진동보’ 6종류, ‘답진동보’ 4종류, ‘답진동보’ 6종류, ‘답진동보’ 5종류, ‘답진동보’ 4종류, ‘답진동보’ 4종류, ‘답진동보’ 5종류, ‘여이성보(신보)’ 5종류, ‘여유승상’ 5종류, ‘여유승상’ 6종류, ‘여유승상’ 6종류, ‘여유승상’ 6종류, ‘여조상서(여우)’ 5종류, ‘답장정수(표)’ 4종류이다. 15종류의 텍스트 비교 결과 몇 가지 특징이 나타났는데, 첫째, 제목의 기술에 있어서 A는 서간문, 주제, 제목의 순서이거나 서간문, 주제, 제목, 주석의 순서이었다. B는 주제, 제목의 순서이거나, 주제, 제목, 주석의 순서이었다. C는 A, B의 제목을 줄이고, 주석을 붙여 기술하거나 제목만 기술하였다. 둘째, A의 본문은 B, C에 그대로 수록되기도 하고 선별 수록되거나 일부는 삭제되었다. 셋째, 주석의 기술에 있어서, A는 제목과 본문 위의 두주에 주석이 있고, B는 제목, 본문 위의 두주, 본문 끝에 주석이 있으며, C는 제목과 본문 위의 두주 형식으로 주석이 있다. 넷째, A, B, C 사이의 텍스트의 차이가 있는 사례들은 동자(同字), 본자와 속자, 본자와 고자(古字), 의미가 같은 글자, 의미에 차이가 있는 글자, 의미를 비교하여 더 적합한 글자 등으로 밝혀졌다. 이 연구의 결과는 서지학 분야, 유학 분야, 한문학을 연구하는 분야에 가장 기본적인 연구 성과로 활용될 것이다.

The results of comparing and synthesizing the texts of Jujadaejeon, Jujaseojeolyo, and Eojeongjuseobaekseon Vol. 3 are summarized as follows. As a result of comparing and examining 15 types of texts, there are 5 types of ‘Dabjindongbo(Lyang)’, 6 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 4 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 6 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 5 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 4 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 4 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 5 types of ‘Dabjindongbo’, 5 types of ‘Yeoiseongbo (Sinbo)’, 5 types of ‘Yeoyuseungsang’, 6 types of ‘Yeoyuseungsang’, 6 types of ‘Yeoyuseungsang’, 6 types of ‘Yeoyuseungsang’, 5 types of ‘Yeojosangseo(Yeou)’, 4 types of ‘Dabjangjeongsu(Pyo)’. The results of comparing 15 types of texts revealed several characteristics. First, in terms of title description, A was in the order of seoganmun, subject, and title, or seoganmun, subject, title, and annotation, B was in the order of subject, and title, or subject, title, and annotation, C abbreviates the titles of A and B and describes them with notes or only describes the titles. Second, the main text of A was sometimes included as is in B and C, sometimes selected, and sometimes deleted. Third, in terms of the description of the annotations, A has annotations in the title and in the footnotes above the main text, B has annotations in the title, in the footnotes above the main text, and at the end of the main text, and C has annotations in the title and in the form of footnotes above the main text. Fourth, cases where there were differences in the text between A, B, and C were revealed to be identical characters, original and vulgar characters, original and old characters, characters with the same meaning, characters with different meanings, and characters found to be more suitable after comparing meanings. The results of this study will be utilized as the most basic research achievements in the fields of bibliography, Confucianism, and Korean classical literature.

이 연구는 2024년 발간된 발굴보고서 ｢서울 공평구역 제 15, 16지구(나지역) 유적｣에 소개한 공평구역 출토 금속활자의 제원, 도면, 사진 자료 등의 정보와 활자 실체 고증 결과를 중심으로 출토 활자의 구체상을 고찰한 것이다. 먼저 발굴보고서의 유형 분류와 수량 등의 현황 정보를 검토하여 유형별 명칭과 수량을 재정리하였다. 이를 바탕으로 기존의 고증 결과를 재검토하여 오류를 수정하고, 일부 고증되지 않은 활자의 고증을 시도하였다. 고찰 결과 갑인자와 을해자, 을해자병용 한글 금속활자, 을유자 병용 한글 금속활자가 기존과 같이 확인되었다. 아울러 기존에 확인하지 못했던 계축자가 확인되었다. 조선시대의 금속활자 주조와 조판 관련 연구는 조선 초기의 계미자, 경자자, 갑인자의 순차적 개량을 염두에 두고 각 활자의 형태와 조판 방식이 어떻게 변화했는지에 주목하였다. 하지만 공평 구역 출토 활자를 통해 조선 전기 활자 형태가 갑인자와 갑인자 이후로 뚜렷이 구분됨을 새롭게 확인하게 되었다. 즉 갑인자의 뒷면 형태는 사각홈형, 십자홈형, 세로터널형, 가로터널형으로 다양하지만, 나머지 활자들은 대자(중자)는 세로터널형, 소자는 가로터널형으로 일정하다. 활자 높이는 갑인자보다 을해자와 을해자 병용 한글 금속활자, 을유자 병용 한글 금속활자가 1㎝ 정도 높다. 을해자 이후의 활자 형태가 갑인자의 형태와 달라진 이유는 갑인자가 조판 속도 향상에는 효과를 발휘했지만 활자 주조가 어려워 효율이 떨어졌기 때문이었을 것으로 추정된다. 이와 같은 고찰 결과는 조선 전기 활자의 형태 변화 또는 인쇄 속도 개선 시도는 갑인자에서 끝나지 않고 이후에도 지속되었음을 의미할 것이다.

This study examines the specific characteristics of the metal types excavated from the Gongpyeong district of Seoul, focusing on information such as specifications, drawings, and photographic materials, as well as the results of the examination of the types, as introduced in “Excavation Report for Zone 15 and 16 (Area Na) of the Gongpyeong District, Seoul”, published in 2024. First, the names and quantities of each type were reorganized by reviewing current status information, such as type classification and quantity, from “Excavation Report for Zone 15 and 16 (Area Na) of the Gongpyeong District, Seoul”. Based on this, attempts were made to re-examine previously verified types to correct errors and to certify some types that were previously unverified. As a result of the examination, Gabinja, Eulhaeja, Hangeul metal type used in combination with Eulhaeja, and Hangeul metal type used in combination with Eulyuja were reconfirmed. In addition, Gyechukja, which had not already identified, was confirmed for the first time. All of the excavated types are presumed to date from the fifteenth century. Research on metal type casting and typesetting during the early Joseon dynasty has focused on how the shape of each type and typesetting methods changed, in the sequential improvement of Gyeomija, Gyeongjaja, and Gabinja types. However, through the types excavated from the Gongpyeong district, the different shapes of early Joseon type have become clearly distinguishable into Gabinja and post-Gabinja specimens. Specifically, while the back shapes of Gabinja vary?ranging from square and cross grooves to horizontal and vertical tunnel grooves?the remaining movable types are consistent: the large and medium type has vertical tunnel-shaped grooves, and the small type has horizontal tunnel-shaped grooves. In terms of vertical height, Eulhaeja, Hangeul metal type used in combination with Eulhaeja, and Hangeul metal type used in combination with Eulyuja are about 1 cm taller than Gabinja. It is presumed that this change occurred because, although the shape of Gabinja was effective in improving typesetting speed, its overall efficiency was lowered due to the difficulty of casting the type. These findings suggest that changes in the shape of movable type or attempts to improve printing speed in the early Joseon period did not end with Gabinja but continued thereafter.

The presidential inauguration ceremony is a significant national ritual that proclaims the launch of a new government both domestically and internationally, holding profound historical value. However, the current records management system for presidential inaugurations operates under a dualized transfer structure. Furthermore, the comprehensive filing method based on a single unit task limits the contextual connectivity and detailed searchability of the records. Accordingly, this study proposes a reorganization plan for an integrated collection by applying the Daerye Uigwe (大禮儀軌) of the Joseon Dynasty—which comprehensively documented state rituals to ensure perfect reproduction by future generations—as a core reference model for modern public records management. To this end, the administrative processes of the inauguration ceremony were hierarchically identified using the functional analysis methodology (KS X ISO TR 26122). Additionally, the inherent archival characteristics of the Uigwe—factuality, narrativity, accountability, and presence—were mapped to modern metadata elements. In particular, to archivally classify the multi-ministerial collaborative system, the “protocols within a protocol” structure found in other Uigwe formats was adopted as an auxiliary metaphor to design a multi-level archival model spanning ‘Collection-Series-Subseries-File-Item’. Specifically, the reorganization structure is illustrated through four core series: the Planning Series to restore the narrativity of the event, the Administrative Artifacts Series combining visual metadata, the Audiovisual Materials Series reproducing spatial contexts, and the Administrative Support Series securing fiscal transparency. For the successful implementation of this model, this study suggests establishing an institutional and legal foundation that supports record linkage and integrated management between the Presidential Archives and the National Archives of Korea. This logical structural design and practical suggestion will serve as a substantial foundation for fully restoring the provenance and context of national ritual records, even within a distributed preservation environment, thereby ensuring their continuity as digital heritage.

본 연구는 영해 지역 재령이씨 존재 이휘일 가문의 고문헌 자료 현황과 주요 필사본을 검토한 것이다. 존재종택에서는 세 차례에 걸쳐 한국국학진흥원에 총 3,083점을 기탁하였으며 여기에는 다수의 필사본 자료와 장서인을 확인할 수 있다. 필사본 자료의 검토를 통하여 ｢性理略｣․｢南嶽倡酬集｣이 이휘일의 친필 필사본임을 밝혔고 ｢楮谷私稿｣는 그의 친필로 추정된다. 본 연구는 존재종택의 필사본 자료 가운데 일부만을 검토하였다는 한계가 있다. 존재종택 소장 필사본과 ｢存齋先生文集｣, ｢洪範衍義｣ 등 현전하는 간행본의 비교․검토를 통하여 이들 고문헌의 간행 배경에 대한 연구를 이어가고자 한다.

This study examines the classical literature collections of the Jonjae Head House, home to the Jaelyeong Yi clan in the Yeonghae region, focusing on key manuscript materials. The Head House donated 3,083 items to the Korean Studies Institute in three separate donations, among which numerous manuscripts and seal impressions were identified. Examination of the manuscripts confirmed that Seongniyak and Namakchangchujip are in Yi Hwi-il’s own hand, while Jeogoksago is presumed to be his autograph as well. This study is limited in that only a portion of the manuscripts were reviewed. Future research will compare these manuscripts with extant printed editions, including Jonjae Seonsaeng Munjip and Hongbeomyeonui, to further investigate the publication background of these classical texts.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the sequential order among three coexisting versions of Gimyeong-balgi (inventories of royal household goods) prepared for the royal wedding of King Gojong and Empress Myeongseong in 1866, through specific case analyses. To this end, this paper examines the current status of the Gimyeong-balgi produced during the 1866 (Byeong-in year) royal wedding and analyzes the sequential order of these three coexisting versions stage by stage. First, a comparison between the Hangeul version <1732> and the Hanja (Classical Chinese) version <1719> reveals that certain items omitted from the Hangeul version <1732> were added to the Hanja version. Furthermore, clerical errors found in the Hanja version <1719>—such as “Geumjatong (金字桶)” and “Dangseoan (唐書案)”—could not have occurred without assuming the Hangeul version as the underlying source text (底本), despite the differences in their orthographic representation. Based on these findings, the Hangeul version <1732> is determined to have been drafted prior to the Hanja version. Consequently, the simple notation of “juhongchil” (vermilion lacquer) in the Hangeul version <1732> being explicitly detailed as “waejuhongchil” (Japanese vermilion lacquer) and “dangjuhongchil” (Chinese vermilion lacquer) in the Hanja version can also be understood as a reflection of subsequent revisions. Meanwhile, the Hanja version <1719> and the Hangeul version <1508> share identical content, list display mode, the order of listed items, additions and deletions, and modifications to item descriptions. Crucially, the phonological recording of item names in the Hangeul version <1508> using borrowed Chinese characters (chaja phonetics), along with certain errors in the transcription format, are phenomena that can only be explained if the Hanja version is assumed to be the underlying source text rather than a direct literal replication. In conclusion, the sequential order of the three coexisting Gimyeong-balgi versions from the 1866 royal wedding indicates that the Hangeul version <1732> was drafted first, revised to produce the Hanja version <1719>, and finally, the Hangeul version <1508> was created based on the Hanja version while employing a different system of notation.

Ginyeon Pyeongo (紀年便攷) is a privately compiled historical work that combines the annalistic (pyeonnyeonche) and biographical (yeoljeonche) formats. It was compiled to provide reference materials for future generations of learners. The work covers a period of 563 years, from the fourth year of King Chungsuk of Goryeo (1367), the birth year of King Taejo of Joseon, to the thirty-fourth year of King Gojong of Joseon (1897). Extant copies of Ginyeon Pyeongo are currently preserved at the Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies (Go4250-7), the National Library of Korea (Go911-21), Modeoksa Temple (Modeok-00301), and the Jangseogak Archives (K2-37). This study examines the four extant versions of Ginyeon Pyeongo with the aim of analyzing their bibliographical relationships, focusing on the author, the background and purpose of compilation, methods of compilation, cited sources, composition, and descriptive characteristics. The National Library of Korea copy and the Jangseogak copy contain a colophon dated 1917 written under the names “Among Jo Han-bok” (我夢趙漢復) or “Among Geosa” (我夢居士). In addition, the title pages of each volume in the Jangseogak copy explicitly identify the author as “Geumcho Park Hui-seong” (錦樵朴羲成 著). The preface reveals that the work originally consisted of five volumes, was subsequently expanded into twenty-three volumes, and was later reorganized into thirty-six volumes. Furthermore, the colophon indicates the existence of an individual known as Cheongnoeja (聽雷子) and evaluates Park Hui-seong as a person who made a significant contribution to the compilation of the work. Through the preface, colophon, and editorial principles, this study confirms the background and objectives of compilation, the methods employed, the authorship and title of the work, and its intended function as an educational and reference resource. In addition, this study compares and analyzes the composition, cited sources, recording system, biographical figures included in the biographies, and records concerning Yi Sun-sin in the annalistic sections of each extant version. The Kyujanggak copy provides concise chronological accounts of events for each reign period, followed by records of selected individuals. In contrast, the National Library of Korea, Modeoksa, and Jangseogak copies present detailed and narrative descriptions of all chronological events for each reign period and separately organize biographical records. Notably, the later three versions include a biography of Yi Sun-sin in the Yeoljeon section. Furthermore, among the annalistic records related to Yi Sun-sin, it was confirmed that the “Haengnok” (行錄) section in Volume 9 of Yi Chungmugong Silgi (李忠武公實記), compiled in 1759, was consulted as a source. In conclusion, an analysis of the preface, colophon, editorial principles, and the four extant versions of Ginyeon Pyeongo indicates that the original five-volume draft no longer survives. The Kyujanggak copy is regarded as a manuscript draft, the National Library of Korea copy as the complete version, and the Modeoksa copy as a transcription of the complete version. Moreover, the Jangseogak copy, previously known as a complete version, is identified as an expanded edition that includes additional materials such as the volume “Seonwon Seongye” (璿源先系).