Earticle

There is a growing recognition that creativity and venture creation have a significant impact on economic growth. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of creativity on attitude towards business startup. In this study we divided creativity into creative personality(openness, adventure propensity, self-confidence) and creative ability(originality, fluency, flexibility). The result of this study is confirmation of the positive effect of creativity on attitude towards business startup. It can be summarized as following. First, creative personality(non-cognitive creativity) and creative ability(cognitive creativity) positively affect attitudes towards business startup. Contrary to our hypothesis, the effects of self-confidence(creativity personality) and fluency(creative ability) on attitude towards business startup were not statistically significant. Second, attitudes towards business startup had positive effect on entrepreneurial intention. From these empirical results we inferred that creativity plays an important role in the tendency to start business. Based on this finding we discussed the implications of this study.

Nowadays the rate of start-up store business is increasing. The importance of physical evidence of intial store business is critical to run a successful store business. This research attempts to define the store’s physical evidence factors based on existing research about service environment. This research defines store’s physical evidence to 4 dimensions. Those are exterior factors, interior factors, contents factors and ambient factors. In conclusion, this study analyzes influence of these physical evidence factors. All 4 factors, exterior factors, interior factors, contents factors and ambient factors affect to customers store brand attitude positively. This research can show how start-up store can attract customers to their site in terms of store’s physical evidences. They have to consider store’s physical evidences like exterior factors, interior factors, contents factors and ambient factors as crucial management point in their initial business stage.

After the year of 2000, the studies on the internationalization of Korean ventures have been gradually increasing. In this regard, most of the studies have focused on the determinants and performance of the ventures' internationalization. However, the results of the previous studies have not been consistent regarding the determinants and performance of Korea ventures' internationalization. This is the first meta analysis study related to the Korea ventures' internationalization. This study contributes to the advanced research results through reviewing the major variables which were used to analyze the determinants and performance of korea ventures' internationalization. More specifically, based on the meta analysis we can figure out the major important factors regarding top managers, firms themselves and external environments that influence the internationalization of Korea ventures and their performance. The results show that the top managers-specific and firms-specific factors have played more important roles in the internationalization of Korea ventures and their performance than environments-specific factors have. The results of this study provide a meaningful guideline to the future study of the internationalization of Korea ventures.

In this study, we try to evaluate R&D policy on firm's R&D effectiveness in early stage as choosing treatment firm based on employment or revenue size. Policy evaluation is needed to induce firm R&D effectiveness so that we estimate if policy instrument will be effected in early stage firm such as venture and small firm. Our empirical results show that first, sharp regression discontinuity designs is statistically significant, but fuzzy regression discontinuity is not. Second, there is negative relationship between R&D expenditure and choice variables. The results imply the bigger firm spends the less R&D expenditure. Finally among policy choice variables employment size is more sensitive than revenue variable to promoting R&D effort. We imply some policy implication on encourage firm's R&D effort based on empirical results.

In this study, factors affecting university students' startup intentions are explored focusing on knowledge and technology based startups. For this study, six factors of university education and promotion, existence of socially admired successful entrepreneurs, knowledge and technology capability, administrative capability, job market, and government’s startup promoting policy were adopted as independent variables. Knowledge and technology based startup intentions was adopted as dependent variable. From the results of analysis, four factors of knowledge and technology capability, administrative capability, government’s startup promoting policy, and job market significantly affected university students’ startup intentions. However, two factors of university education and the existence of socially admired successful entrepreneurs did not significantly affected university students' technology based startup intentions. The results of this study implies that university students are tend to increase their actual startup intentions when they are confident of knowledge and technologies and administrative capability as success factors of startup.

Nowadays, the volume of fair trade has been remarkably increased. As the quality of life improves, consumers are concerned about fairness and ethical consumption. According to Fairtrade International, fair trade is a social movement that aims to set fair prices for products, alleviate poverty, and assist producers marginalized by the traditional economic model. The purpose of this study is to attempt to explain an alternative for entrepreneurial activity in the fair trade market. For this purpose consumer perceptions toward fair trade were investigated and a model was tested. A total of 210 respondents were included. Structural equation modelling(AMOS 20) was used to examine the impact of affecting factors on purchase intent. The results are follows. Purchase attitude, expectation, and perceived risk had a significant effect on the purchase intent. Practical and managerial implications are further discussed.

In the context of start-up and growth education service in traditional market merchant need to integrated approach looking for more educational effectiveness. This study try to integrate main three theoretical models – service quality model, technology acceptance model, and educational motive model – pertaining to merchant’s education of traditional market. The results of empirical analysis collected from the 207 merchant’s data participating to the 10 traditional market educational program, each model has significant explanation power for educational performance. In service quality model, the educational environment among five service quality components has relatively the strongest effect on the transfer of learning, and trust on the satisfaction of education. In TAM, there is mediation effect of the usefulness between educational environment and satisfaction, of easiness between trust and transfer of learning. In educational motive model, we find the strong direct and meditative effect of the educational motive. In the integrated model included these three model simultaneously all together, empathy and trust of service quality components have strong impact on educational satisfaction and the mediation effects has founded usefulness of TAM in the relation between environment and satisfaction, and educational motive in the relation between the learning orientation and satisfaction.

In the traditional Market, supplier and buyer built on trust relationship with QCD (Quality, Cost, and Delivery) basis. But this relationship is facing a new phase in the rapid development of IT technology and fast- paced changes in the market. Domestic SME and Venture Enterprise have to consider raw material price changes, exchange rates and oil price fluctuation as well as worldwide competition by Economic Globalization. Therefore, supplier and buyer's mutual cooperation is one of the most important issues in SME and Venture enterprise. The purpose of this analysis investigated how SCM flexibility affects to cooperation activities and companies performance. Supplier and buyers' cooperation activities increased when production flexibility and reaction flexibility is higher. Also, sales cooperation is affects by Delivery flexibility. As the result showed that higher cooperation activities increase business performance. This is suggests that the importance of supplier selection in global competition and cooperation activities enhance industrial competitiveness.

Recently customers’ desire become diversified while a heavy competition prevailed among franchise stores and general stores in the hair service market. Accordingly keeping and managing existing customers is fairly important and most efficient way from the customer relationship marketing perspective. This study scrutinizes the effects of customers’ perception of relationship benefit and fairness on a long- term relationship orientation via satisfaction and trust for hair service stores. In this regard, this study also aims to witness the difference between franchise stores and general stores. The on-line survey is conveyed with 300 respondents aged between 10 and 60 and the collected data was used for the analysis. The analysis results showed that there is statistical difference in relationship benefit perception but in fairness perception between franchise stores and general stores. Also, the relationship benefit and fairness statistically affect the satisfaction and trust which also statistically affects the long- term relationship orientation. However, the model fit of franchise stores is stronger than that of general stores. The result of this study will strengthen the theoretical background of relationship marketing and provide some valuable insights of marketing strategy for hair service stores.

In this study, an influence of foreign workers on a business performance was examined according to individual, company and adaption factors by a literature research and an empirical analysis. The study result showed that the more fluent foreign workers are in Korean, the fairer they are reward and the more supportive their coworkers are, the better influence they have on the business performance. Although it was found out that the better the foreign workers adapt to Korean culture, the better the business performance become, the adaption factor did not control the business performance by individual and company factors of foreign workers. This result shows that equal treatment and efforts from a company to settle good company atmosphere as well as personal efforts are necessary to help foreign workers adapt to work. This study will help many small and medium sized businesses to understand foreign workers, manage company personnel and make future plans and strategies for the company. In addition, this study could be used as a basic material for establishment of realistic policies on right and duty of the foreign workers.

We can say sustained innovation make progress of our society. The key substantial of firm as going concern depends on continuous entrepreneurial effort to innovation in the same way of Schumpeter’s argument. Also the firm’s innovation contribute to the development of regional society and nation. Though these importance of innovation at the corporate level to society progress, the policy of nation comes into the barrier or block to firm’s innovation diffusion such as insufficient policy to innovating firm’s action, overriding regulation, short foresight etc. To solve these problems between firm and policy in the context of innovation, the systematic study of co-evolution required to the explanation of the interaction and evolution process in the existing relation of the two innovation party. This study suggests an alternative approach for the virtuous circle relation based on Nonaka’s knowledge creation model in the relation of firm’s innovation and innovative policy of nation. The co-evolution model of innovation composed of four interaction processes - reform, path creation, path dependency, acceleration - in the relation of firm and nation.

This paper have analyzed an International Comparison of entrepreneurship in Korea using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2013 data. Seventy countries that are categorized into factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven economies, participated in the GEM 2013 project. Each participating country administers an adult population survey(APS) of at least 2,000 individuals from 18-64 years old and a national expert survey (NES) of at least 36 national experts under the guidance of GERA. We surveyed 2,000 individuals from 18-64 years old and 95 national experts for GEM 2013 data collection in Korea. According to APS in Korea, total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) level in 2013 is 6.9% of the adult population, which is higher than 6.6% of 2012. Compared with the innovation-driven economies, Korea ranks 16th among 26 countries in terms of TEA, while the nation ranks 10th among 24 countries in 2012. The increase in TEA comes from the fact that the necessity-driven TEA has increased considerably while the opportunity-driven TEA has decreased a little bit. NES in Korea shows that compared with the innovation-driven economies, Korea has an outstanding government support policies, governmental programs, market openness, physical infrastructure, social & cultural norms, abilities and knowledge to start up, R&D transfer and intellectual property rights in terms of entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFC's). In contrast, finance, education & training, the commercial & professional infrastructure, opportunities to start up, and young and women’s support to start up have been shown to be inferior in the past years. The paper suggests seven policy implications: First, the education and supportive system focusing global oriented paradigm are necessary for the innovative entrepreneurship to create global market and new customers. Second, institutional reform needs to be made to eliminate the fear of failure for the startup founders to effectively encourage and boost entrepreneurial activity. Thirds, the sub-infrastructure for serving entrepreneurial activities such as finance, professional service and business network need to be improved. Fourth, the entrepreneurship education and supportive methodology for attracting much more youth and women entrepreneurs are required so that they would be able to take sufficient entrepreneurial opportunities and absorb appropriate know-hows for managing businesses before they start a business. Fifth, the entrepreneurship employe activity which enables to create more viable eco-system of TEA need to be facilitated in order to grow the opportunity-driven entrepreneurship of growth opportunity oriented: Entrepreneurial Employee Activity (EEA), intrapreneurship. Sixth, the viable policy must be considered for migrant entrepreneurship as an avenue for exploring the markets globally. Last, careful attention needs to be paid to the well-being (happiness or satisfaction) of startup founders and entrepreneurial individuals as a mean for stabilizing the long term objectives for entrepreneurial activities.