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This study aims to identify policy implications for the promotion of knowledge andtechnology based female entrepreneurship through an empirical analysis. For theanalysis using a structural equation modeling, a survey of 283 start-ups in themanufacturing and knowledge-based service industries was conducted. As a result of the empirical analysis, a structural equation model(SEM) for femaleentrepreneurship was verified. According to the model, managerial performance isdirectly affected by success factor, and the success factor is directly affected by bothentrepreneurial motivation and external environment, while the external environmentaffects the motivation simultaneously. Furthermore, a multi-group analysis of theSEM was employed in order to verify the moderation effects of major, education, andbringing-up burden of female entrepreneurs. The policy implications for the promotion of knowledge and technology based femaleentrepreneurship and the enhancement of their performances are suggested. Most of all,supporting programs specific to female entrepreneurs in the fields of science andengineering need to be prepared. In addition, the accessibility to higher education shouldbe enhanced for under-educated female entrepreneurs. Moreover, infrastructure for thecoexistence of child care and entrepreneurship should be secured.

In order to survive in the fierce market competition, companies of the informationage that changes rapidly are seeking a variety of measures to save oneself. Amongthe many measures, it is the most appropriate approach to promote aconsumer-oriented business based on the core technology. To this, the management and operations on this core technologies become a majorissue to companies. A substantial number of companies are protecting and utilizingthese core technologies using the patent systemTo reflect this trend, there are advanced research on the impact of the knowledgeproperty rights including patents on the business management. But researches onmacroscopic trend of the industrial economy and analysis of impact relation betweenpatent informations are not enough. In addition, the job creation creating income ofthe family and enterprise is essential to reinforce the domestic economicenvironment, but the relevant data on the relationship between patents and jobcreation are not sufficient. So, we try to find that which part of the patentapplication areas contributes to job creation base on macro index of economy, thetend of patent applications, industrial technology field and sectional investmentsituation of government. The growth trend of the industry and policy outcomes isreflected because we analyzed the data for 20 years. Because we can't separate theproperties of an applicant for a patent, we can't distinguish between largecompanies, SMEs, startup business. It is this study's limitation that we can't verifythe effect of job creation for each business type. If a analysis of many differentapplicant for a patent and various industry fields is performed in future, this analysis will be helpful in establishing effective supporting policy on the job creationand promotion strategy of core industry.

Based on advanced research, the study conducted a survey and analyzed on 116preliminary entrepreneurs of social enterprise in Seoul from October to November. The study set up social entrepreneur sprit as influence factor on entrepreneurialintentions of social enterprise, institutional environment of social enterprise asexplanatory variable, and entrepreneurial intentions of social enterprise andentrepreneurial intentions of new firm formation as explained variable, and thenthe study was progressed. As a result of analysis, preliminary entrepreneur of social enterprise having highsocial mission was active to entrepreneurial intentions to establish social enterprisein comparison with other preliminary entrepreneur, and direct support type ofinstitutional environment for such entrepreneurs causes good result. Also,preliminary entrepreneur of social enterprise having high innovativeness was activeto entrepreneurial intentions to establish new firm formation, and both direct andindirect support type of institutional environment for such entrepreneurs areeffective.

This study is to analyze a relation between young entrepreneurship and resultbased on their behavior. For this, conduct a survey of young, preliminaryentrepreneurial university students who prepare business start-up. Plus, main subjectis young entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial behavior and achievement based onpreceding researches and other reviews. The purpose of this study is after drawinnovation, initiative and risk sensitivity as the main factor of entrepreneurship;analyze the relation between theses factors, entrepreneurial behavior andachievement through the research model and hypothesis. The summary of analysisresults is below. First, entrepreneurship innovation influences on the entrepreneurial behavior, but itdoes not influence on the achievement. Second, initiative does not influence on the entrepreneurial behavior, but itinfluences on the achievement. Third, risk sensitivity influences on not only the entrepreneurial behavior but alsothe achievement. Fourth, entrepreneurial behavior influences on the achievement. This study suggests that in order to obtain good results, entrepreneurshipeducation and support are needed for young people, and it becomes foundation of thefuture of young entrepreneurs to achieve potential results.

Using financial characteristics data of 27,366 local credit unions from 2005 to 2011over the last 7 years, we analyze the change of default risk of Korean credit unionsaround the 2008 Global Economic Crisis. We find that the default risk of credit unions in Korea is continuously increasingand financial characteristics such as BIS capital ratio, allowance for bad debts, liquidityand size are significant besides common bond and locations. These resultsmean that the deposit rush just after Global Crisis may not result from the uniquenessand/or soundness of Korean credit unions, but from tax exemption and/or otherbenefits in lower interest rate for credit union memberships.

Ceaseless firm’s growing is homework for all managers. In particular, for start-ups, it is critical factors. This paper explores to find relationship between R&D activity and net profit, proxy of firm growth for SMEs, especially including InnoBiz firm designated by government as entrepreneurial activities firm. In order to achieve the research the aims, we apply both empirical analysis by using robust regression to estimate research hypothesis and interview for CEOs and researchers in research division in 263 firms located at Gwangju city in Korea. According to empirical findings patent, output of innovation of firm is negative relation with net profit in statistically. Even InnoBiz firm designated as entrepreneurial SMEs by government is not statistically significant. In addition, photonic industry considered as innovative industry sector is also negative relation with firm growth in terms of net profit in statistically. From the empirical findings, we can find that the relationship between net profit and patent is negative. This phenomenon could occur due to time lag of R&D. But rather, this result implies that SMEs in particular young firms are more likely to innovate because they are relatively high R&D intensity. In order to firm growth, firm could find variety of the managerial strategy to enhance innovative activities, to share the knowledge by using cluster’s indigenous positive effect embedded in region. In addition, it is needed to more effort to create the atmosphere of innovation in even traditional industry sectors as well as cutting edge technology.

The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relation between SMEs’ corecompetency and competitive strategy, to analyze the effect of competitive strategy ontheir business performance, and therefore to make some contributions academicallyand practically. To this end, 255 SMEs were analyzed for the hypothesis test. As theresult of empirical analysis, it is shown that, regarding the effect of core competencyas an antecedent variable on business performance, SME’s marketing capability andtechnology capability both are not significant to its short-term financial performance. In addition, in terms of the relation between core competency as an antecedentvariable and competitive strategy as an independent variable, SME’s marketingcapability and technology capability both have significantly positive effects on costleadership strategy and differentiation strategy. It is also shown that industrialenvironment as a moderator variable affects partially how SME’s core competency isrelated to its competitive strategy. Moreover, in terms of the relation betweencompetitive strategy as an independent variable and business performance as adependent variable, SME’s competitive strategy affects positively its businessperformance except the effect of cost leadership strategy on customer performance. Based on these relations between core competency, competitive strategy, andbusiness performance, it appears that cost leadership strategy is more suitable forSMEs with relatively high marketing capability, and that differentiation strategy ismore appropriate for those with relatively high technology capability in thecorrelation of strategy with capability. It also indicates that implementing cost leadership strategy relatively stronger rather than differentiation strategy is requiredto achieve high financial performance.

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the interrelationship amongperceived service quality, customer satisfaction, switching cost and customer loyaltyand examine the moderating and mediating effect of switching cost in relationshipbetween service quality and customer loyalty, and between customersatisfaction-customer loyalty based on the mobile telecommunication customers. To test the proposed research model, a survey methodology was used. Data wascollected to test the model from mobile telecommunication customers whoexperienced purchasing or services as respondents, a total of 406 questionnaires wereused. This study was conducted EFA and CFA to test the validity of themeasurement model, and empirical analyses were performed using AMOS. The results indicate that perceived service quality and customer satisfaction havepositive effect on switching cost and customer loyalty, switching cost has positiveeffect on loyalty, and unlike relationship between service quality-customer loyalty,switching cost has moderating effect in relationship between customersatisfaction-customer loyalty. Finally, this study suggests the implications of thesefindings, both theoretically and practically, and also offers directions for futureresearch.

The aim of this research was to investigate various effective company operationmethods through research on management status of domestic sports venturecompanies. The process of this study was comprised of questionnaire surveytargeted at employees of sports venture companies and in-depth interviews with it'sCEOs. In detail, 250 employees were selected by a non-probability conveniencesampling method based on four classification system of the sports industry. TheCEOs were chosen by a snowball sampling method, among which 6 peoplecompleted the in-depth interviews finally. The questionnaire survey was constructedwith background variables and management status, which includes sub factors suchas human resource management, labor-management relations, non- financialperformance, financial performance, organizational performance, and marketingstrategy. The in-depth interview with the CEOs was proceeded by using a guidelinefor semi-structured interview method. The results of this investigation was asfollows. Firstly, the management status of sports venture companies were similar toeach other when compared based on industrial classification. The majority of theemployees' majors were identified as either business administration or sports- relatedwhich demonstrated their professionalism. In addition, their service periods wererelatively long and labor unions were not established. Furthermore, the scales ofsales were small, and the net profits were totalled in a scope of 5 to 20 percent lastyear. Sales increase rates were revealed by a growth of 2 to 9 percent. Secondly, thedifference of operating companies based on gender existed. Namely, femaleemployees scored higher than male employees in the section of human resource management, organizational performance, and in financial and non- financialperformance as well. Thirdly, the difference of operating companies according toemployees' ranks existed. Namely, there were meaningful differences inlabor-management relations, marketing strategies and in both financial andnon- financial performances. Fourthly, CEOs stressed the importance of humanresource management, labor-management relations, non-financial performances,financial performances, and organizational performances when questioned about themanagement status of companies. Meanwhile, they made statements about thedifficulty of operating companies in terms of competition with large corporations,financial security, networking and development of business models. Specificstatements on thorough organization management, encouragement of employees'personal development and marketing strategies for future business strategies werealso made by the CEOs. Finally, CEOs stressed the importance of marketingstrategies, human resource management, non-financial and financial performances,organizational performances and especially, challenges and visions which are theaspects crucial to the success of domestic sports venture companies.

This study empirically tested a proposed model that delineates the responsive,leading, innovative, and social image of a company as key precursors ofword-of-mouth (WOM) among Chinese consumers. Regression analysis for thefour dimensions of corporate image on WOM spread among consumers showedthe following findings; first, all dimensions of corporate image turned out to havean impact on WOM communication, except for the dimension of leading corporateimage on WOM measured by “recommending to others.” Second, of the fourdimensions of corporate image, responsive corporate image showed to exert thehighest impact on WOM communication. The findings of this study suggest that,to create an environment that encourages the development and spread of positiveWOM, companies trying to capture the minds of Chinese consumers need tocultivate a satisfactory relationship with their customers and to obtain a favorableimage from them. To this end, managers must consciously and consistently definetheir organizations through all types of interaction and communication withconsumers.