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China has had rapid economic growth recently and attracted the attention of the world. This report will study Chinese entrepreneurs who have a leading role in China's economic growth and their entrepreneurial characteristics, and examine the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and entrepreneurial achievement and moderating effect of the traditional characteristics of Chinese of networking activity which is represented as chinese's traditional characteristics. So this report will fist analogized the 186 Chinese entrepreneurs' responses who recovered after the failure first time. According the result of analysis, the Chinese entrepreneurs' the psychological characteristics have a positive and significant impact on entrepreneurial achievement, at the same time, Chinese entrepreneurs' networking activity shows that the interaction with the psychological characteristics, and the fact that rather too much networking activity can cause negative effects is discovered. In this report, we will know the fact that the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurs in China that they emphasize the spirit of adventured and challenge and overcome difficult situations with patience, has a significant influence on the achievement, and at the same time the higher performance will appear only when they use the characteristics of traditional networking activities at an appropriate level.

To study on the effect success factors of sustainable social enterprise, this research is analyzing the effect of the contributions activity on the effect success factors of sustainable social enterprise by the major environment factor of success factors of social enterprise. And also reviewed independently about the sustainable development, corporate social responsibility and contributions activity of social enterprise. Social enterprises which are managed by the government subsidy and donation are suffered financial affairs due to the introduction of business. Business is based on the marketability and profit so social enterprise should have competitive power get to a win from the profit businesses. For that reason, this study has the purpose to find the successful factors for the sustainable social enterprise and it can solve the social enterprise' financial affairs with public good. While analyzing the direct-indirect effect of the success factors of sustainable social enterprise by the environment factors to achieve main purpose of this research, hypothesis are established. The factors of social enterprise were defined with 3 factors such as a social leadership factor, economic responsibility, environment & social responsibility, then the structural relation between the 3 factors and outcome is verified by using AMOS programs. The selected variables on the path model established as a preliminary step in LISREL *CEO, White Management Consulting Research (dongr9908@hanmail.net) ** Adjunct Professor, Konkuk University (dmlee@konkuk.ac.kr) *** Associate professor, Konkuk University (cglee@konkuk.ac.kr) 한국창업학회지 제5권 제3호 42 analysis. As the result of the above-mentioned path model and LISREL analysis some characteristics can be pointed out : First, external environment factor variables of sustainable development have direct effect on the propensity to contributions activity social enterprise and internal environment factor variables of sustainable development have direct effect on the minus to contributions activity social enterprise. Second, Direct-indirect contributions activity on variables of social enterprise have effect on the propensity to success factors of social enterprise. Thirdly, Environment factors have effect on the propensity to success factors of social enterprise through contributions activity. Therefore total effect is increment. Finally, This study has a few limitations. therefore more extensive and practical study including the above factors has to be accomplished.

This is the age of the global economy in which resource supplies, product markets, and business competition are worldwide rather than purely local or national in scope. The growing strength and penetrating of these businesses worldwide are viewed by some as potential threats to national economies and to their local business systems, labor markets, and cultures. Increasingly, competition is not between companies but between marketing networks, with the prize going to the company that has built the better network. The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship and present status of large and small companies reviewed on the previous studies and government policy. It is also to examine the obstacle factors of win-win collaboration between large and small companies. Then to improve win-win collaboration of them, relationship marketing strategy, supply chain management strategy, and the benchmarking of developed countries' cases are provided for the implications of marketing strategies. Therefore, win-win collaboration between large and small companies should be based on trust and commitment for their survival and growth.

The purpose of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM) is to build and enhance global understanding about the attitudes, activity, and aspiration of entrepreneurs. By providing greater knowledge about entrepreneurship, GEM can help governments, businesses, and educators around the world design policies, develop programs, and provide assistance to help these enterprising individuals thrive in an increasing global business environment. GEM is a consortium of national academic teams and a central coordination team. Working together, this consortium administers an adult population survey(APS) of at least 2,000 individuals from 18-64 years old in each participating country. In addition, GEM conducts National Expert Surveys (NES) of at least 36 experts, to provide information about particular factors impacting entrepreneurship in each country. The analysis of NES was based on the answers from 62 experts in the 9 specified fields. GEM is a leading research program in the field of entrepreneurship, since it was suggested by Michael Hay, London Business School, UK, and William Bygrave, Babson College, USA. In the first year of the program, 1999, only 10 countries of US, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Japan, Italia, Finland, Israel, and Denmark were analyzed. The number of participating countries has grown since that time and reaced to 54 in 2009. This report organizes the 54 countries into three groups based on different economic development levels: factor-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven. Korea is among the 20 higher-income innovation-driven economies. Many of the comparisons made in this report with respect to Korea are within this group of countries. Korea ranked 8th in the TEA level in the group. Among the nations with higher level of TEAs are UAE, Iceland, and Greece, who have been experiencing severe economic distress after the global financial crisis. This shows higher TEAs do not imply better economic conditions, as is shown in the fact that Japan, also belonging to innovation-driven economy, has the lowest level of TEA(3.3%). The APS survey was conducted in May 2009, when the effects of global credit crisis were severely spread out almost all over the world. In entrepreneurial attitude, few Koreans see good opportunities for launching a business in the next six months, and few believe they have the skills to start a business. At the same time, Koreans saw entrepreneurship as attractive, had low fear of failure, were highly likely to indicate they expected to start a business in the next three years, compared to other innovation-driven economies. In measuring entrepreneurial activity, GEM includes four phases: potential, nascent, new, and established entrepreneurs. This report focuses primarily on nascent and new entrepreneurs, which make up the Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rate. This rate in 2009 was 7% of the adult population in Korea, which were lower than 10% of 2008. Especially the decline of TEA rate were made more sharply among men than women. Both the necessity- and opportunity-based entrepreneurial activities felt down, the degree of decrease were relatively large in the latter (from 5.8% in 2008 to 3.7% in 2009) compared to the former (from 4.0% in 2008 to 3.1% in 2009). The rate of business discontinuation is the highest in Korea, relative to the other innovation-driven countries. One distinct quality of entrepreneurship in Korea is the ratio of male to female participation in entrepreneurship. While this varies among countries across the entire sample, the innovation-driven countries generally have a male-to-female entrepreneurship ratio of two to one, with some (U.S., Germany) having a much lower ratio. Korea, however, has about a three-to-one ratio. The ratio in TEA ( 10.4% of men to 3.5% of women) is almost the same as that in SEA(0.6% of men to 0.3% of women). Another prominent characteristic describing Korean entrepreneurs is the comparatively high level of education they have achieved, particularly graduate experience. In terms of aspirations, entrepreneurs in Korea, along with a few other countries, were pursuing higher levels of growth with their businesses. However, they were less likely to indicate their products embodied a high level of innovation (new product-market combinations). In addition, they only reported a moderate level of internationalization. The environment of informal investments in Korea is not so satisfactory, for its average score of 2.29 ranked 15th from the below among the 40 nations surveyed. The ratio of the informal investment to GDP in Korea is lower than 1%, as was discovered in Japan and Malaysia, which shows a conspicuous difference to 11% of China. Like other countries like US and UK severely affected by the global economic crisis, there is some evidence of a reduction in informal activity in Korea compared to 2008 too. Reports from the National Expert Survey reveal that availability of funding is a challenge for entrepreneurs, which is generally a concern for all the innovation-driven economies. Experts in Korea regard great the role of government in promoting entrepreneurial activities and agree that entrepreneurship is a priority for government, and this can be reflected in the variety of government programs initiated to promote entrepreneurship, including the establishment of technology incubators. In 2009, Korean government made a decision to enlarge the size of the government-aided funds for the private venture capitals, and the ratio of funds raised from government side reached more than 80% in Korean venture capital funds. A special topic of 2009 GEM project was Social Entrepreneurship Activity(SEA). Generally SEA level tends to increase as the stage of economic development evolves, as the SEA ratios discovered in factor-, necessity-, and innovation-driven economy are 1.4%, 1.8%, and1.9% respectively. The Korean number recorded just 0.7%, which is not only far lower than the average of the total nations, but also even the lowest except for Hong Kong and Spain. While male and female SEA ratios in innovation-driven countries are 1.2% and 0.7% respectively, Korea have much lower level of 0.6% and 0.2%. The higher the education level rises, the more Korean people participate in social entrepreneurship activities in order to address social and environmental problems.

As the education level and economic participation of women have increased, women’s entrepreneurship has gained a much attention in Korea as well as worldwide. However, previous literatures have not sufficiently dealt with the underlying impediments that deter entrepreneurial activities of Korean women. Therefore, in this research, I intended to explore the various dimensions critically hampering women’s entrepreneurship in Korea. To this end, I reviewed existing articles and drew the most frequently referred and relevant to explain the barriers in Korean women’s entrepreneurship. As a result of a literature survey, I was able to simplify diverse factors affecting women’s entrepreneurship into two, namely inherence and ambience. I then subdivided these bifurcated contrasting views into two, again: trait-based difference from men and scholastic ability-based difference from men in the case of inherence and institutional regime surrounding businesses and national family support system in the case of ambience. Finally, I reached the following conclusion: ambience is more critical than inherence in women’s entrepreneurship in the Korean context. This implies that diverting from the previously gender-focused issues, we need to elaborate the various reasons in terms of relevant social constructs surrounding women for the facilitation of women’s entrepreneurship in Korea.