Earticle

In this paper, two competing firms selling a homogeneous good are considered. The market consists of many small consumers who choose a specific brand based only on the accumulated goodwill of each companies. Each firm chooses the best advertising strategy to maximize its firm value over the planning horizon. Three different equilibrium solutions - Nash equilibrium policy, Pareto optimal policy and partial cooperative policy - have been derived for a simulated situation using an iterative solution method. We were mainly interested in the sensitivity of the production cost function. One firm was supposed to have a lower fixed cost, and/but steeper cost function than the other. The former is smaller in size than the latter. The most distinctive difference between the Nash and Pareto policies was found in the competitive strategies. In the Nash solution, both players increased their investments on competitive advertising gradually when we assigned a positive value to the terminal weight. The Pareto policy showed, however, a switching pattern in competitive advertising. The larger firm’s strategy was to decrease its expenditures, and the smaller firm’s strategy was to increase its activities with time. In each period, the competitive advertising was carried out by one of the firms. The cooperative strategies had a down-sloping stream for both policies, and was initiated by the larger firm. The larger firm invests more and longer both in absolute amounts and in ratio to total spending.

이 논문은 조건부가치측정에서의 예-응답의 확률이 개인별 특성에 따라 다를 수 있음을 허용하는, 개인 특유의 예-응답에 대한 조건부가치측정모형을 소개한 다. 개인 특유의 예-응답에 대한 추정은 예-응답 현상을 경제이론으로 이해할 수 있는 실마리를 제공한다. 제시된 모형을 Carson et. al (1994)의 조건부가 치측정연구에 적용한 결과, 저소득 응답자들이 예-응답을 할 확률이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 설문조사에서는 약 9%의 응답자가 예-응답을 한 것으로 추 정되었고, 지불용의액의 기대값의 평균은 개인 특유의 예-응답이 고려되지 않은 경우와 비교하여 약 25% 낮게 추정되었다.

This paper introduces a contingent valuation model for idiosyncratic yea-saying, which allows idiosyncratic yea-saying probabilities in contingent valuation that can vary over individuals depending on their characteristics. The estimation of idiosyncratic yea-saying provides a clue to understand a yea-saying phenomenon from an economic theory. The proposed model is applied to a contingent valuation study of Carson et. al (1994) and it was found that yea-saying was more likely for respondents with lower income. Approximately 9% of respondents were estimated as yea-sayers in the survey, and the average of mean willingness to pay's was estimated about 25% less than otherwise after idiosyncratic yea-saying was accounted for.

강원도 18개시․군의 생활폐기물 수거서비스의 시․군별, 규모별, 유형별로 효 율적인 방법을 분석한 결과 대행이 직영보다 1.5-2.5배 적은 것으로 나타났음. 구체적으로 청소원 1인당 평균수거량은 대행이 직영보다 189%능률적이고 청소 차량 1대당 1일평균수거량은 직영이 대행보다 약간 우위로, 청소인력 장비비율과 청소원1인당 수거대상가구수는 대행이 높게 나타났음. 강원도의 생활폐기물 수거서비스는 단기적으로는 직영으로 하되, 2-3년 후에 는 몇개 업체에 위탁하고 장기적으로는 모두 위탁관리하는 것이 효율적임. 추진 전략은 민간위탁위원회를 두고 투명하게 진행하고 위탁후에도 시․군에는 만약 의 사태에 대비하여 최소인원은 유지해야 함. 장기적으로는 주민과 관광객들에 대한 홍보와 계도의 추진과 함께 환경부담금의 신설방안도 고려해야 함.

This paper analysis of the efficiency about the living waste collecting services with the size, material, city and county. Then the vicarious execution method reduces the cost of the 1.5-2.5 times compare with the direct management, 189% the average collecting quantity of the per cleaning man, somewhat the ratio of the equipment over the cleaning man and the number of the collecting household. So, short term the living waste collecting service in GangWon province with the direct management, performed with the 2-3 company after 2-3 year with the various execution method, long term should be achieved the vicarious execution method. The effective strategies of the private management progress on the cleaness with the private trust committee and maintained the small cleaning system in the city and county. The local autonomy should be performed the public information and guidance about the inhabitants and the tourist, and researched the newly method about the environment expenses.

본 논문은 현재까지 논의되었던 지방소득세 및 지방소비세 도입 관련 논거들 을 검토해 보고 현실적인 도입방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 궁극적으로 이러 한 도입방안이 광역자치단체간의 수평적 재정불균형을 완화하는데 기여하도록 하였다. 본 논문의 시간적 범위는 1985∼2000년까지이며, 공간적 범위는 광역자치단 체의 행정구역을 대상으로 하고 있다. 따라서 특별시 및 광역시, 자치구, 그리 고 도와 시․군을 합산한 지방세(시․구세 및 도․시․군세) 자료를 통해 광역 행정구역을 분석 대상으로 하고 있다. 본 논문을 위해 학문적 문헌과 실무적 문헌을 중심으로 이론․정책적 검토를 실시하고, 관련자료를 토대로 지방세 현 황 및 구조 그리고 도입방안에 대한 효과를 분석하였다.

The purposes of this study are to review the strategies for introducing The Local Income Tax and Local Consumption Tax and to examine the potential effects of the changes in local taxation system. Finally, this study aims to moderate the financial inequality among different jurisdictions including Seoul, metropolitan cities, and the provinces. This study reviews the theoretical and policy background by the survey of relevant literature. For the empirical analysis, data from 16 regions are used which are related to national tax and local tax, population, GRDP during the period between 1985 through 2000. The primary discussions are made on the elasticity, and weighed coefficient of variation for each region. It is hoped that the principles and criteria suggested here may help in redefining tax assignment between central and local governments in the field of local tax system in the era of the local autonomy.

Project financing is known as a device to activate housing construction loan. But when the construction is interrupted because of the bankruptcy of the developer or contractor in a project where the houses under construction are pre selled, the loan credit becomes subordinated. That's because when the developer would pre sell houses, he has to buy a security which guarantees the safety of advance payment of consumers, and when the construction is interrupted. the guarantor doesn't secure the priority order of loan credit because of the cost overrun to carry out the guarantee. So the lenders are very reluctant to participate. As a method to solve the problem, this paper presents a surety bond which guarantees the completion of construction within the limit of contracted construction cost. Because the completion is done within the cost limit, loan credit holds prior order.