Earticle

글로벌 공급 사슬 관리는 최근 기업의 생존과 지속가능 경쟁우위를 획득하는데 중요한 요소로 자리매김하였다. COVID-19 팬데믹으로 인하여 글로벌 공급 사슬 관리의 취약점이 부각되었고, 지리적 긴장과 국가의 산업정책 등의 변화도 기업의 글로벌 공급사슬 관리 전략에 대한 변화를 요구하였다. 이 연구는 COVID-19 이후 4개의 다국적 기업의 사례를 통해, 글로벌 공급 사슬 관리의 변화 양상을 리쇼어링, 니어쇼어링, 프렌드쇼어링, 그리고 다각화 같은 전략이 지속 가능한 성장과 글로벌 경쟁력에 어떻게 기여하는지 탐구한다. 문헌 검토와 사례 연구를 통해 오프쇼어링으로부터 공급망의 근접화 및 다각화로의 전환을 분석한다. 그 결과 기업의 글로벌 공급 관리 전략의 변화는 비용 우위뿐만 아니라 시장접근성, 리스크관리, 정부의 정책과의 일치성 등 보다 다양한 동기가 작용하는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 점점 더 복잡해지고 예측 불가능한 글로벌 시장 환경에서 기업의 전략적 변화가 기업의 생존과 성장에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써, 기업인 및 정책입안자 등 관련인들에게 인사이트를 제공할 수 있다.

Purpose : This study aims to investigate changes in the global supply chain in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore how changed strategies can contribute to sustainable growth and strengthening global competitiveness of the firm. Research design, data, methodology : We explain the evolution of global supply chain management in terms of academic perspectives and investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic, geographical tensions, and national policies on the global supply chain. Next, we introduce the concepts of reshoring, nearshoring, friend-shoring, and supply chain diversification, and learn about the impact of these strategies on firm performance in previous studies. Finally, we examine what factors currently affect global supply chain strategies through in-depth case studies using four multinational enterprises. Results : Companies are restructuring their global supply chain to have sustainable competitive advantage by considering various factors such as reduced dependence on a single supplier, geopolitical risk management, market accessibility, and alignment with national policy directions, in addition to cost advantages that were previously focused on in global supply management strategies. Conclusions : The existing global supply chain strategy, represented by offshoring, has revealed its vulnerabilities through external environment changes. Therefore, in the global value chain allocation, companies are now considering survival and competitiveness by addressing various factors in addition to cost reduction. Accordingly, managers should strive to expand more flexible and resilience supply chain strategies, and policymakers should take into account policies aligning the nation's strategic sectors with the company's global supply chain strategy, benefiting both the companies and the country. Purpose : This study aims to investigate changes in the global supply chain in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and explore how changed strategies can contribute to sustainable growth and strengthening global competitiveness of the firm. Research design, data, methodology : We explain the evolution of global supply chain management in terms of academic perspectives and investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic, geographical tensions, and national policies on the global supply chain. Next, we introduce the concepts of reshoring, nearshoring, friend-shoring, and supply chain diversification, and learn about the impact of these strategies on firm performance in previous studies. Finally, we examine what factors currently affect global supply chain strategies through in-depth case studies using four multinational enterprises. Results : Companies are restructuring their global supply chain to have sustainable competitive advantage by considering various factors such as reduced dependence on a single supplier, geopolitical risk management, market accessibility, and alignment with national policy directions, in addition to cost advantages that were previously focused on in global supply management strategies. Conclusions : The existing global supply chain strategy, represented by offshoring, has revealed its vulnerabilities through external environment changes. Therefore, in the global value chain allocation, companies are now considering survival and competitiveness by addressing various factors in addition to cost reduction. Accordingly, managers should strive to expand more flexible and resilience supply chain strategies, and policymakers should take into account policies aligning the nation's strategic sectors with the company's global supply chain strategy, benefiting both the companies and the country.

본 연구는 철강산업의 수출경쟁력 및 동태적 경쟁관계 분석을 위하여 한국, 중국, 일본을 중심으로 불변시장점유율모형과 공간변이할당모형을 적용하여 철강산업의 수출경쟁력 및 동태적 경쟁관계를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 한국의 대세계 철강 수출변동의 주요 요인은 세계효과로 나타났다. 한국의 대중국 경쟁력 및 중국의 대세계 경쟁력의 변동 추이를 보여주는 동태적 공간분석에서는 한국 철강의 대중 경쟁력은 2016년과 2017년에는 강화하는 경향을 보였으나, 이후 2022년까지 경쟁력이 지속적으로 약화되는 추이로 나타나고 있다. 반대로, 중국의 대세계 경쟁력은 2017년까지 약화되었으나, 이후 2022년까지 경쟁력이 지속적으로 강화되는 추이를 보이고 있다. 또한 한국의 대일본 동태적 공간분석에서는 한국 철강의 대일 경쟁력 우위는 확대와 축소를 반복하고 있으며, 2017년부터는 좌측 편향 이동하고 있어 대일 경쟁력이 약해지는 추이이다. 중국의 대세계 철강 수출변동의 주요 요인은 세계효과로 나타났다. 그러나 동태적 공간분석에서 중국의 대일 경쟁력 우위는 2015년, 2016년, 2017년 축소되는 추세를 나타냈으나, 2018년부터는 경쟁력우위가 지속적으로 확대되는 추이이며, 특히 2021년과 2022년에 우위가 크게 확대되는 추이를 보이고 있다. 현재, 세계 철강산업은 전반적으로 침체되었지만, 공급과잉으로 인하여 여전히 경쟁이 치열하고 수요가 한계에 봉착된 시점에서, 우리나라 철강산업은 경쟁력을 향상시켜 지속가능한 산업이 되기를 기대한다.

Purpose : This study analyzed the export competitiveness and dynamic competitive relationship of the steel industry. Research design, data, methodology : This study, the export competitiveness and dynamic competitive relationship of the steel industry were analyzed using the constant market share model and spatial shift-share model. Results : In Korea's dynamic spatial analysis of China, the competitiveness of Korean steel against China showed a tendency to strengthen in 2016 and 2017, but the competitiveness continues to weaken until 2022. China's competitiveness against the world weakened until 2017, but its competitiveness continues to strengthen until 2022. Korean steel's competitive advantage against Japan is repeatedly expanding and shrinking, and since 2017, its competitiveness against Japan is weakening. China's competitive advantage over Japan was on the decline in 2015, 2016, and 2017, but it has been continuously expanding since 2018, and in particular, the advantage is showing a significant expansion in 2021 and 2022. Conclusions : Although the global steel industry is currently experiencing an overall recession, competition is still fierce and demand is limited due to oversupply. At this point, our country's steel industry must strengthen its competitiveness and become a sustainable industry.