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As cities confront intensifying climate risks and accelerating ecological degradation, the need for operational planning frameworks that translate ecological theory into spatial practice has become increasingly urgent. This paper introduces Bioplanning as a methodological framework that operationalizes green–blue infrastructure within the domains of urban planning and design. Building upon the intellectual foundations of ecological urbanism, landscape urbanism, and regenerative design scholarship, Bioplanning positions ecological processes—vegetation, water, soil, and microclimate regulation—as primary organizing systems rather than supplementary interventions. The framework articulates a set of core methodological principles that guide the integration of ecological processes into urban form. Central to this approach is the proposal of walkability-based urban cells as a scalable spatial unit, enabling ecological integration at multiple levels of urban organization. Bioplanning further examines the experiential, environmental, and governance outcomes of such integration, emphasizing how ecological infrastructure can simultaneously enhance human well-being, strengthen climate resilience, and democratize access to environmental benefits. By advancing a replicable, multi-scalar planning methodology, this study contributes to the design of climate-responsive, human-centered, and ecologically integrated urban environments. Bioplanning thus moves beyond conceptual critique to provide a methodological foundation for operationalizing ecological urbanism, offering cities a pathway to embed regenerative processes within their spatial, social, and institutional structures.

This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics, supply transition, and synchronization patterns of the total pre-sale volume of new apartments across the autonomous districts (Gu) of Seoul from January 2012 to April 2025. The findings reveal that Seoul's housing supply market forms a polycentric structure with significant disparities in supply scale and frequency among districts. The Gangnam 3-Gu area (Gangnam, Seocho, and Songpa) functions as a core supply hub in terms of total presale volume, driven by large-scale redevelopment projects, whereas Yongsan-gu exhibits a relatively high per-unit presale price despite ranking in the mid-tier in total presale volume. Peripheral districts such as Dobong-gu and Gangbuk-gu exhibit limited supply opportunities. Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that total presale volume shows, on average, no clear positive spatial synchronization across the observation period, although periods coinciding with major regulatory and macroeconomic shifts—such as the phase-out of the reconstruction profit-sharing levy exemption in 2016–2018 and the liquidity expansion following the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021– 2022—show a temporary rise in spatial autocorrelation. Furthermore, spatial regression analysis tentatively suggests differentiated, though only partially significant, response elasticity to supply signals across districts: Seocho-gu shows a statistically robust and stable reception coefficient (γ<1), while Gangdong-gu exhibits a high reception coefficient (γ>1), though with considerable estimation uncertainty. These exploratory results suggest that housing supply policies may benefit from moving beyond uniform measures toward regionalized strategies that account for the differentiated reception elasticity and structural roles of individual districts, though further validation through robust statistical testing is warranted.

Building on the author's preceding study (Yang, 2026), which confirmed that both 40 m and 70 m altitudes satisfy the 10 cm architectural tolerance in vertical RMSE, this follow-up study shifts the analytical framework to efficiency using the identical datasets from a 132,922 m² complex terrain site in Dukcheon-ri, Jeju Island. Aerial images were captured at 40 m (Scenario A: 11,049 images) and 70 m (Scenario B: 4,872 images). Results show that the 70 m altitude reduced image count by 55.9% and increased single-flight coverage by 26.8%. Processing efficiency also improved consistently across all SfM stages; notably, MVS block count in the 3D reconstruction stage decreased from 16 to 8, yielding an overall processing time reduction of approximately 49.3%. This study demonstrates that 70m represents the more efficient altitude among the two altitudes compared in this study, simultaneously satisfying architectural precision requirements and delivers substantial gains in operational efficiency in terms of image count, field time, and computing resources. Practical UAV operational guidelines for early-stage architectural planning are proposed based on these findings.

This study examines how the spatial setting of heritage has been considered in architectural national heritage designation deliberations, analyzing the Cultural Heritage Committee's records from 1993 to 2024. Drawing on the ICOMOS Xi'an Declaration(2005)'s concept of 'setting' supplemented by Relph's(1976) tripartite theory of place, 332 textual excerpts were classified into meaning-related Type1, activity-related Type2, and physical-environment-only descriptions Type3. The combined ratio of Types1 and 2 was calculated as the 'setting-recognition rate.' Across 43 cases, activity(42.7%) and meaning descriptions(39.8%) outweighed physical-environment-only descriptions(17.5%). The recognition rate peaked at 92.9%(2014-2018) and 96.4%(2019). Pavilions showed the highest activity ratio(51%), while head family houses exhibited the highest meaning ratio(45%). Four subtypes were identified: clan-community(31.0%), scholarly-educational(33.3%), commemorative-ritual(28.6%), and Confucian-landscape settings(7.1%). This study demonstrates that the intangible dimensions of spatial setting have functioned as a substantive criterion in heritage deliberations and provides foundational data for setting-based evaluation under the 2024 National Heritage Basic Act.

This study examined the adequacy of the current designation criteria and management system for rural areas within urban districts in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. To achieve this, the 2005 Census data used at the time of the 2007 designation were compared with the corresponding 2020 data in order to analyze changes in the agricultural and fishery population ratio and the proportion of farmland, pasture, and forest land. The results showed that many areas that had previously satisfied the agricultural and fishery population criterion no longer met the standard, whereas the land-use criterion continued to be met in several areas. In addition, the study confirmed that both legal dong and administrative dong units were mixed in the designation process, and that no regular reassessment system had been established after the initial designation. These findings indicate that the current designation criteria and management system may not sufficiently reflect changing population structures and land-use characteristics within the region. Therefore, future improvements should focus on establishing consistency in management units, improving the application of the current designation criteria to reflect changing spatial structures, and introducing a regular diagnosis and reassessment system.

This study evaluates a modular bathroom system for reducing construction-stage carbon emissions. Traditional wet construction often involves long construction schedules and complex site management. To address these challenges, a lightweight modular bathroom system was developed and tested in accordance with Korean Standards (KS F 2223). When applied to a 1,480-unit test bed, the modular method simplified the construction process from 22 to 15 steps and reduced the number of types from 11 to 3. Consequently, the overall construction schedule was shortened by one month. To verify its environmental benefits, construction-stage (A5) carbon emissions were quantified using actual project data. The results showed that the modular method reduced carbon emissions by approximately 37%. Based on these findings, this study demonstrates that modular bathroom systems can effectively reduce construction-stage carbon emissions and contribute to lowering embodied carbon throughout the building life cycle.

This study examines how the commuting environment influences parental school choice in Donghae-si, Gangwon State, a shrinking small-to-medium city. Based on two independent parent surveys (n=359, 2023; n=197, 2025) cross-checked by triangulation, statistical yearbook data, and 670 cumulative registration records (166 currently operating), three commuting-environment factors are analyzed: commuting distance, pedestrian-route safety, and access to private-academy infrastructure. Spatial factors account for 53.9% of school-preference responses versus 23.0% for educational factors, a superiority that holds after controlling for the number of items per factor (18.0% vs 11.5% per item). 26.2% of respondents enrolled children outside designated districts, citing safety-based proximity (51.1%) and academy access (48.9%); notably, proximity is also the top-ranked advantage among zone-compliant parents (33.9%), indicating that the same spatial logic governs both compliance and deviation. A 17-year enrollment panel (2010–2026) shows total enrollment fell 45.5% (6,726 to 3,665), with the decline accelerating after 2023 (from -2.8%/yr to -7.7%/yr); over the same period the five concentration-zone schools’ share of students rose steadily from 60.3% to 73.6%, the per-school enrollment gap between concentration-zone and peripheral schools widened from 4.5× to 10.2×, and the central-zone share of active private academies rose from 81.6% (2000) to about 93–94% — aggregate decline deepens rather than dissolves the concentration structure. The second-most preferred school being the city’s smallest (Mangsang, 28 students; 12.3%) further suggests that small scale itself is not the object of avoidance. Short-term pedestrian-safety improvements, mid-term GIS-based district reorganization, and long-term type-specific spatial complexification of small schools are proposed.

This study examines how generative artificial intelligence reshapes the semantic structure of architecture. While recent AI-based design tools expand the speed and diversity of architectural image production, their theoretical significance lies in the destabilization of the conventional relation between architectural form and meaning. Drawing on Saussure's theory of the sign, Benjamin's concept of aura, Baudrillard's theory of simulacra, and recent studies on generative AI in architectural design, this paper analyzes AI-generated architecture as a post-aura condition in which architectural signifiers are overproduced while their connection to site, materiality, function, and social meaning is weakened or delayed. Responding to the need for stronger conceptual rigor, this paper distinguishes generative AI from parametric design: parametric design varies form within explicitly defined rules, whereas generative AI produces image possibilities through statistical learning and probabilistic interpretation of prompts. The paper argues that architectural meaning in the AI era does not disappear but shifts from the completed object to the accountable process of prompting, generation, selection, contextual interpretation, material verification, and ethical mediation. To conceptualize this shift, the paper proposes processual aura and processual architectural semantics. These concepts emphasize that the architectural value of AI-generated images depends on the critical process through which human designers transform visual possibilities into situated architecture.

This study analyzes the utilization of leased closed schools in Gyeongsangnam-do and proposes improvement measures based on case studies, field observations, and interviews with operators. The findings indicate that the factors influencing site selection and patterns of spatial utilization varied by facility type, including income-generating, experiential and educational, and cultural facilities. From an operational perspective, socioeconomic factors had a greater influence than natural conditions, while building scale and remodeling status also affected facility operation. The study also identified institutional and practical problems, including discrepancies between the contracted and actual uses, severely deteriorated and neglected buildings, and the low profitability of cultural facilities despite their high utilization and public value. To address these issues, the study proposes expanding permitted uses, easing restrictions on use, expanding rent-free leasing for public-interest facilities, carrying out basic repairs before leasing, and strengthening facility management to ensure compliance with legal standards.

This study analyzes opinions collected during the pre-planning of the Green Smart Future School at H Elementary School in Gwangju, with 173 students and 64 parents, to derive planning directions and elements for informal learning and social spaces. Open-ended responses were segmented into meaning units and inductively classified into six need categories: play and physical activity (R1), peer interaction (R2), rest and relaxation (R3), emotional communication and counseling (R4), autonomous and creative activity (R5), and outdoor and ecological connection (R6). A comparison of the two groups structured these needs into three types. Peer interaction was a common need; students’ emotional and restorative needs and parents’ needs for autonomy and outdoor connection were conflicting needs; and emotional communication and counseling (R4), prominent only among students, was an overlooked need absent from adult perception (per-category Fisher exact tests with Bonferroni correction; R4: students 23.5%, parents 0.0%, corrected p<.001). The study maps this classification onto space-innovation specialized spaces and planning elements, proposing a community hub at the circulation node for common needs, overlapped multi-use spaces for conflicting needs, and a classroom-adjacent emotional communication corner for the overlooked need.

This study reexamines the relationship between Frank Lloyd Wright and Japanese architecture, moving beyond the conventional dichotomy of “influence” and “confirmation” to focus on the architectural dimension of “form.” Previous studies have generally approached this relationship from two opposing positions: one arguing for a concrete Japanese influence on Wright’s work, and the other asserting that Japanese architecture merely confirmed ideas he had already developed. However, the former does not fully explain how and at what level this influence operated, while the latter relies too heavily on Wright’s own self-narrative. This paper first examines Wright’s encounter with Japanese art and architecture, focusing on ukiyo-e, the Hōōden at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, and his first trip to Japan in 1905. It then assesses the contributions and limits of Kevin Nute’s studies. Ultimately, this paper argues that Japanese architecture served Wright not as an external model for imitation, but as a formal reference system through which he reconfigured spatial continuity, the relationship between interior and exterior, and the organic integration of part and whole. Wright’s Imperial Hotel in Tokyo exemplifies this process of formal appropriation and reconfiguration. This perspective provides a critical basis for reevaluating Wright’s architecture as an alternative form of modernity distinct from the International Style.

Quality management in apartment housing construction projects is affected by various managerial and site-related factors. This study aims to identify major factors affecting quality management and to propose practical improvement measures by comparing their perceived importance and operational levels. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 152 construction professionals working on apartment housing projects with more than 500 households. The survey covered six categories: organization and workforce, cost, construction and schedule, quality management systems, site conditions, and quality management advancement. The results showed that organization and workforce management (76%) and construction cost and cost management (74%) were perceived as the most important factors, followed by construction and schedule management (52%). Clear roles and responsibilities (91%), adequate quality management budgets (92%), and prevention of excessive schedule compression (93%) were identified as key factors. Comparison of importance and operational levels also revealed areas requiring improvement in decision-making authority, communication, and digital information integration. These findings suggest that quality improvement requires an integrated approach linking workforce, cost, schedule, and quality information rather than managing individual factors separately. This study provides practical directions for improving field-oriented quality management in apartment housing construction projects.

This study criticizes the uniformity of current building disaster prevention standards, which are primarily designed for non-disabled individuals, and proposes improvements to evacuation design criteria to reflect the characteristics of the disaster-vulnerable. The current minimum evacuation route width (1.2m) and evacuation safety zone area (0.28㎡ per person) exhibit the limitations of prescriptive design by failing to account for the use of mobility aids, the accompaniment of evacuation assistants, and the reverse entry of firefighters. Objectively, by incorporating wheelchair dimensions and psychological safety distances, the effective width of single-loaded corridors must be expanded to a minimum of 1.8m, and double-loaded corridors experiencing complex cross-traffic to 2.5m or more. Additionally, evacuation safety zones must secure a minimum of 2.25㎡ per person to allow for 180-degree wheelchair rotation and waiting. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to depart from traditional uniform fixed-coefficient calculation methods and establish critical, engineering-based evacuation performance regulations grounded in the required area and horizontal travel time of the disaster-vulnerable.