Earticle

The issue of this paper is to interpretate the ideological identity of Korean architects from 1945 to 1953, the most ideologically fluctuated era in Korean modern history. Unlike other artistic association, architectural association went through the progression of relatively simple and stable without radical split and unification in the epoch of ideological conflict. Unlike other artists, architects' ideological propensities were not clear between personal career and writings, even lacked consistency in their real life. What is more ironic, the leftists and the rightists were cooperative while the left and right wing of other artist groups were retaliatory during Korean War. These characteristics rooted in ambiguous and sometimes ambivalent identity of Korean architects who had brought up by colonial education and culture despite colonial natives. What is worse, public understanding of architecture and architect was far from creative work and social meaning. These given conditions obstructed architects to be awake to self-consciousness and to develop critical ideology. The ideological identity had handicapped influence upon architects' social position, simple-minded technician not artists with social consciousness, after Korean War.

This paper presents the findings obtained from the investigation of immaterial peculiarities retained in the residence of the gentility in the Chosun Dynasty as follows; (1) the immaterial peculiarities are classifiable to three categories, that is, material, morphologic construction and spacial aspects. In the material aspect, translucence, lightness, metaphor, and sur-epidermis are found. In the morphologic construction aspect, de-gravitation is involved. Finally, the spacial aspect includes the ambiguity among the boundaries of spaces and the feature that do not takes due notice of the occasion. (2) specifically relative to the material aspect, translucence accomplished by the usage of Han-Ji(korean traditional paper attached on the door, window, and wall)is identified. In addition, non-gravitation which is attained by the feelings of floating and dynamic, which are provided by the Ru-Maru(floored space like a pavilion) in morphologic construction aspect. (3) The ambiguity among the boundaries of spaces are found between interior spaces, between interior and exterior spaces, and between exterior and exterior spaces. According to the three deployments, it was found that there are ambiguous boundaries between rooms; between room, Dae-Chung(the main floored space between rooms), and Ma-dang(korean courtyard) as well as the vista from room or Dae-Chung over the fence to scenery; between Ma-dang and Ma-dang, space expedition achieved by Chae-Nu-Num(divided mass style) is identified. (4) The spaces in the residence of the gentility can be defined as to retain relativity that transcends the boundaries between spaces. That is, the spaces are formulated as a whole by considering the collective connection referred to Mu-Ja-Sung so that the whole spaces are mentioned to retain a recursive attribute. (5) the recursive attribute of the whole spaces can be divided into the interior circulation and exterior circulation.

This study is intended to present a new argument about the proportional system. In order to attain this goal I examine the theories of proportional system which emerged, changed and disappeared in the course of time. Since the Modern Movement the concept of proportion has deeply changed because of the emergency of new architectural materials and new constructional systems. But because the original task of architects is to design the environmental margin and measuring every part and the entire whole of a building is very important, he or she is obliged to create one's own measuring tool or use the existing proportional systems.

The practice of collage was taken up in various arts in the twentieth century. The questions posed by collagists have begun to asked by architects. Collage embraces lateral and associational thinking, symbolic and iconic form; it accommodates the full complexity of the human mind, admitting not only the rational, deductive and scientific, but also, the irrational, inductive, emotive and romantic. Le Corbusier has described his architecture as being based, like collage, on the relationships between things more than on the things themselves. After exploring architecture’s semantic dimension and its means of representation, Le Corbusier relied on meaning, image, and the order of both form and concept to involve the viewer in the creative process. The methods of composition and assemblage in Le Corbusier’s architecture become a subject of the work itself. This paper aims to identify how the idea of collage has been applied in Le Corbusier’s works. I shall conclude that the drawing of an analogy between architecture and other art forms which have come under the influence of the collage idea may serve as a valuable tool in understanding the changes which architecture is undergoing today.

The thesis is to study the change of perception about major values in conserving modern cultural heritage and the trends in conservation cases of various countries. Through this, basic value standard for conservation and various methodologies for conservation and regeneration are evaluated. The purpose of the thesis is to find various methods for conserving and regenerating modern cultural heritage in Europe, America, Japan, China and Korea. Busan region by comparing and examining value principle and regeneration method with the conservation and regeneration state of modern cultural heritage in Busan region through this. The following characteristics were confirmed. 1) In case of conservation value concept, it was found that the conservation concept that had stayed at the historical and artistic value of the early 20th century expanded to the mental, local and social value of the late 20th century. 2) Though Europe and East Asia are different in conservation and regeneration types, the cases of conservation and regeneration are increasing not only through material value such as architectural and artistic value but also through non-material value such as historical and future-oriented value in order to secure the authenticity that cultural heritage should possess. 3) In case of modern cultural assets of Busan, most take the original form preservation method. However, as conservation and regeneration in the urban level are becoming issues along with recent redevelopment and reconstruction projects, appropriate methods of regeneration are in demand. As such, modern cultural assets are showing various methods of regeneration as community value that induces the sense of belonging, binding power and small and common interest of community and local society are getting attentions.

The Floor Spaces and the plans of To government office buildings were different, which were mainly because the To administrative affairs allotment and related features, amount of administration services and the numbers of the officials were different in each To. The plans composed of working together office rooms for several administrative services, individual office rooms for executives, a big meeting room, several rooms for attached facilities and public space. The working together office rooms were mainly situated on the first floor, whereas the individual office rooms were on the second floor in the middle front part. Especially the locations of rooms for the governors of To, one of the individual office rooms, were in the center or in the corner of front part of the buildings, but both were selected for good situation like south or southeast. This is compared with the other office rooms which not placed for good situation but arranged for regular appearances of the buildings.

This study aims to identify the historical changes and the architectural characteristics of the old Jeollanamdo provincial office and its neighborhood. Jeollanamdo provincial office was first established in 1910. During the Japanese Imperialism and the modern period of Korea, many buildings were constructed, extended and demolished. And this area has become the symbolic stages of many important events which aroused in the history of this province and in that of Korea. Now, the meaning and function of this area is in changing process. Therefore, it is very meaningful, to identify the historical changes and the architectural characteristics of this area, for the conservation and the reuse of the old Jeollanamdo provincial office and its neighborhood buildings.

In the present information society, the office buildings should take a role of pleasant space to create, exchange and manage the knowledges and informations. However, qualitative evaluation on the architectural design of workspaces is not being done properly. That's why there's no enough evaluation tools to review the workspace planning level quantitatively and objectively. To design the appropriate workspace and pleasant working environment in the high-rise office buildings it needs to develop the quantitative planning indicators that enable to evaluate the design quality of workspace and to objectively compare and analyze the quality level of working environment. Statistic analysis on the results of satisfaction research on the workspace was finally made to get the planning indicators, through which 5 planning indicators were drawn as follows, centering around the finally extracted planning factors : Adjacent Ratio to Window, Workstation Area per Person, Conference Space Ratio, Resting Space Ratio, Vertical Partition Area per Person.

The aim of this paper is to find out the characters of the visitor's movement in the art museums. In this paper regulated movement and free movement in the art museums were studied by the comparative method in the relationship with characters, size and the number of the gates in those buildings. Korean museum researchers have studied concentrically on the visitor's movement for ten years from 1996. On these studies the theme of comparison in the visitor's movement has been needed to study more. Regulated movement and free movement were selected among the results of these studies. As the results, regulated movement was formed in the professional and small space of the galleries and free movement was formed in the popular and large space of galleries. Using references, field survey, observations and interviews were handled as the methods of this study. Futhermore depth study is needed in the future with the more survey materials.

Nowadays, apartment has been settled in the representative type of our dwelling culture. But it has being deprecated to the quality side of the apartment plan. So that, the data proposed in this study could be the source in designing by analysing the unit space on the space in the plan element, by analysing the variation and feature of the space relationship on the space within the point of the time series. The process of this study is as follow : First, for deriving the analysis factor of the space form, the plan element was considered to the design factor of the space in the design process of the architectural plan. Second, for selecting the type(scale) for detailed analysis, it was analyzed that the data of the apartment constructed within thirty years on the number of households and the average annual increasing rate. Third, this study substantiated the plan analysis with the unit space and space relationship through the selection of the case by type(before 1990 year & after 2000 year).

the mirror is often silver, the brightest substance in nature. The silver is sprayed onto clear glass, the function of which is to stabilize the silver. Often called the chameleon of architecture, it can look completely different in the usage because of the reflections that play on its surface, It is also incredibly versatile, helping us in our daily grooming routines, enhancing spatial perceptions, shifting and focusing views and light and demineralizing mass. The mirror as architectural materiality has the spacial effect throughout visual effect in the architectural space. This study analyzes materiality of mirror as the character of “reflection to space" and finds out how this materiality was applied in the architectural space positively. And the design usage for materiality in mirror will be essential guide to the architects that select and develope the architectural space with finishing materials.

Hahoe Folk Village(which is designated Important Folklore Materials No.122), the most outstanding folk village of our country, has been well-formed by the repair carried out under the preservation controls in effect. On the other hand, the folk village has been destroyed gradually by the renovation due to the change of life style and the increase in number of tourists. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes process of the preservation controls and the transformation of traditional townscape. Base on survey reports on hahoe village from 1979 to 2008 and field survey in 2008, this study analyzed changes process of the preservation controls since 1980(when this area was designated as heritage. We analyzed also the transformation of traditional townscape.

This paper investigates the locational characteristics of the peddler markets in apartment complexes in the context of Space Syntax theory. These peddler markets are not usually planned in the design of the complex, but are spontaneously formed in seemingly specific locations within the complexes. They are known to attract the apartment pedestrians and thus encourage the social encounters and interaction among them. The results show that the peddler markets tend to locate where the integration of the pedestrian path with the apartment complex is higher than the average. The pre-planned community shopping center within the complex are also located in the paths of higher integration, but the integration values of the peddler market is higher than those of community shopping centers. Even though the two groups have similar functions, the peddler market is located where the resident pedestrians are more easily found. It is shown that even the peddler market, which is not usually planned in the design stage, are specifically located in the apartment complexes according to a certain spatial logic. When it is considered that these peddler market are good for social interactions among the residents and thus important for the vitalizations of the apartment community, the spatial analysis methodology used in this study would be very useful in the site planning and design of the apartment complexes.

It's difficult to find the analysis for the effects of detailed elements in common green roof. Consequently, in this study to analysis the effects of soil layers which is one of the detailed elements for green roof. We analyzed and compared the existence of soil layer, temperature dependent on the thickness and the amount of energy by one of the simulation program, Energy Plus 2.0. Savings energy for heating and cooling from the effect of the existence and thickness of soil layers was observed. We verified cold and heating effect of green roof to computer simulation certainly in this study. As a results of this study propriety and adaptedness of study by sequence of simulation in this study and wish to heighten propriety and authoritativeness of study through an experiment to future subject.

This study is to develop the prefabrication of slab reinforcing bar unified with spacer to deal with insufficiency of skilled hand and rise of labor costs, and to improve the quality of construction. Accordingly, examined the structural safety, the constructional efficiency and spot application of unified prefabrication which were determined through a test of spacer strength and prefabrication deflection, then obtained the following consequences from these research results. 1) As a result of the spacer strength test, more than two reinforcing bars were required to satisfy spacer strength. 2) The deflection of prefabrication measured by test with a width between spacers, a gap between top-bars and the diameter of top-bar as variables indicated that the behavior of the prefabrication maintained linear when the concentrated load remained below 3kN, and the results of the prefabrication test and the computer program interpretation were similar. 3) As a result of analyzing the construction cost per ton to apply the prefabrication to spot, the construction cost of prefabrication method was just 103.1% of that of the existing one. 4) The arrangement of bars turned out to be about 1.1% more economical than the cost of existing method, and the labor cost turned out to be four times higher than the existing method, nevertheless cost of spot prefabrication turned out to be 53.6% of man power more economical.

For steel structures of building, the connect which connects column and beam must have structural rigidity of the movement and the transmission of stress, with showing the resistance force and the ability of deformation by design considered performance for construction work enough. Generally, all of the analysis and design of connect is assumed the rigid style that does not make a rotation occur but delivers the moment at the panel point and the pinned style which breaks out a rotation only. However, actually, the safety of frame and economical design is not applied in movement of realistic buildings, because the movement of column-beam connect slightly have binding force for delivering moment and rotation. Accordingly, this research will give the basic materials of connect design by reformed T-stub which closes to semi-rigid connection improved turning force. In cases of four models, I had loaded the specimens with giving variables the length of overhang. Through the research, I got some conclusions as follows. 1) The leverage effect of the tension connect did not happen. 2) TL4 specimen which was the longest overhang length had the biggest ultimate strength. 3) The semi-rigid connection of unified T-stub connect showed good restoring force situation for repeated load. 4) It is necessary that we should find a proper measure to take care of slip phenomenon of the connect caused by repeated load.

In the recent years, the subject of the design quality has become one of important issue in the domestic construction industry. However important design process are made by judgment of the architect without the rational communication for imformation sharing among the related participants. Therefore, the objective of this research suggest the constitution plan of design error management system not only for systematizing types about the design error in construction projects, but also for analyzing the primary factors of design error in structural work, finishing work and equipment work. To achieve this objective, this research performs a case study of design error to embody the actual condition of trouble between architect and contractor. The results of this research based on this methodology can be systematized as falling into three areas : 1)the primary types of design error were divided into 10 categories by analyzing the results of case study, 2)the contents of design error from the viewpoint of architect and contractor, 3)code breakdown structure of design error management system was divided into 5 categories.

A contract dispute is an inevitable factor in construction project. Because of this dispute, many contract parties may have difficulties escaping a lot of contract risks. The best choice is to solve the risks without conflict. Some matters go beyond the ability of Construction Manager or Supervisor, and these may reach the limit of patience. Recently some Owner are introducing Dispute Review Board(DRB), a type of ADR. To universally introduce DRB, the impartiality of DRB participants should be verified. Therefore the concept of the neutrality in Mediation were studied, and Mediation described in the Framework Act on the Construction Industry were analyzed, and the manner to guarantee the neutrality of DRB participants were suggested in this study.