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With the rapid development of cities, the uneven distribution of green space has led to a significant decline in the accessibility and fairness of green space services for residents, which has restricted the construction of urban resilience. Taking green space accessibility and fairness as the core analysis perspective, this paper constructs a green space optimization site selection model based on the Location Set Covering Problem Model and Maximal Covering Location Problem Model from the perspective of walking and cycling, and optimizes the spatial layout of new green space sites. By analyzing and comparing the accessibility and fairness of green space before and after optimization, the impact of green space optimization layout on urban resilience is explained. The role of optimized green space layout in improving urban resilience and fairness is further explored. The results show that the optimized green space layout effectively alleviates spatial service differences and improves urban resilience while improving the overall green space accessibility and fairness. This study can provide a reference for the construction of urban green space and provide theoretical support and practical paths for achieving fair, resilient and sustainable urban space.

The problem of population decline in local cities is a major social problem in modern society. However, considering the nationwide population decline, efforts to increase the resident population will eventually result in competition among local regions. Thus, efforts to secure a population other than the resident population have recently been made. One of the policies for securing a related population is a large-scale festival to attract tourists from local cities. However, large-scale events have problems, such as not participating in the event outside of the directly related population (mainly commercial) or being a great burden even if they do participate. Because it requires a lot of effort and capital to implement, it is difficult to conduct the events with the power of residents alone; therefore, external or administrative assistance is required, and thus the areas where it can be implemented are inevitably limited. In this study, the operation method and characteristics of small-scale events targeting local residents was investigated and analyzed, by using the Burabura Festival in Kojoji New Town, Japan, as an example. This study aims to reveal the system that allows residents to become the main actors, the effects that come with it, and the possibility of forming a related population.

This paper investigates the architecture of Wang Shu, recipient of the 2012 Pritzker Prize, through the theoretical framework of critical regionalism. Focusing on nine projects situated in China’s Jiangnan region—Wenzheng Library, Ningbo Art Museum, Ceramic House, Wusan Room, Sanhe House, Vertical Courtyard, Ningbo Museum, Xiangshan Campus, and Washan Guild Hall—the study analyzes how Wang engages with the area’s distinct climatic conditions, cultural traditions, and philosophical heritage. Jiangnan’s abundance of waterways, high humidity, heavy rainfall, and mild climate have historically shaped a unique architectural tradition, further enriched by local religious and philosophical influences. Wang’s work integrates this regional identity with contemporary architectural expression, producing spaces that preserve the nuances of Jiangnan’s heritage while embodying his signature narrative spatiality. This synthesis of tradition, locality, and modernity is examined through four key dimensions—openness, sense of place, tectonic expression, and sensuousness—revealing the critical regionalism tendencies embedded in his oeuvre.

This study aims to anticipate and mitigate the decline and potential disappearance of regional cities due to population decline. Focusing on coastal cities in the southwestern region with a relatively high population decline rate, we conducted a comprehensive survey and analysis of the current situation. Based on this, we underscore the necessity for restructuring the urban environment through urban shrinkage and emphasize the importance of changes in current building regulations. In this study, we redefine the concept of a smart shrinking city to suit the urban environment of small cities in Jeollanam-do. Applying this redefined concept, we propose a model for urban shrinkage in Doyang-eup, Goheung county. We anticipate that the future urban space and land use areas in small regional cities will be reshaped based on the proposed urban model, leading to urban revitalization rather than city decline.

This study empirically analyzes how financial environment factors affect Housing and Urban Fund support for small-scale housing improvement projects. The analysis uses quarterly time-series data from Q4 2017 to Q3 2024 (28 quarters). We conducted multiple regression analysis using funding amounts for initial and main phases of both street housing improvement projects and autonomous housing improvement projects as dependent variables. Independent variables include housing market consumer sentiment index, housing price index, housing supply volume, and bank loan interest rates. Results show that for street housing improvement projects in the initial phase, housing market consumer sentiment index (+0.401, p<0.05) had a positive effect on fund support, while housing price index (-0.564, p<0.10) had a negative effect. Bank loan interest rates (+5.048, p<0.05) increased fund support, confirming the Housing and Urban Fund's substitute role during financial market deterioration. In the main phase, only initial project funding amounts (+0.844, p<0.01) showed significant impact. For autonomous housing improvement projects, only bank loan interest rates (-9.019, p<0.01) had significant negative effects in the initial phase, while only initial project approval amounts (+0.716, p<0.05) showed significant impact in the main phase. The findings highlight the necessity of differentiated response strategies by project type as well as systematic initial-phase support, which are key determinants of overall project success.

The regular building inspection system, introduced with the Building Management Act in 2020, has improved safety but also exposed limitations such as high costs, administrative inefficiency, and low acceptance due to uniform inspection intervals. This study proposes differentiated scheduling to address these issues. Research methods included legislative and international case analysis, examination of 42,773 inspection records in the Building Lifecycle Management System (BLCM), surveys of building managers, civil complaint analysis, and interviews with local officials. Findings show that while the system contributes to safety, it faces structural challenges including excessive costs, low satisfaction, and overlap with other regulations. Accordingly, the study suggests an integrated grading system, extending inspection intervals from three to six years for A–B grade buildings, mandatory self-inspections during extended cycles, and emergency inspections for high-risk buildings. Remaining tasks include cost estimation standards, coordination with other legal systems, empirical validation of grading, and refinement of administrative procedures.In conclusion, differentiated scheduling should be seen not as simple rescheduling but as a new paradigm of building maintenance anchored in risk-based management, digital governance, public–private collaboration, and incentive structures—that strengthens effectiveness and advances a mature building maintenance culture.

This study was attempted to explore planning data for the direction of creating outer spaces in elementary schools by grasping the actual state of use of outer spaces in elementary schools and measuring and comparing students' requirements for the degree of need for outer space educational environments. To this end, through a student survey, the degree of need for an external space educational environment was measured, and students' requirements for individual attributes were analyzed. As a result of analyzing these, schools with relatively well-established external space playgrounds and divided areas for low, middle, and high school grades showed relatively high frequency of external space use. Factors influencing students' requirements for the degree of need for outer space were identified in the order of the amount and quality of sports and play equipment in the playground and surrounding spaces (f1), the playground grandstand and roof, the track requirement (f2), the size of the playground and surrounding spaces (f3), and the requirement of trees, houseplants and drinking fountains around the playground (f4). Additionally, the difference in perspective on the necessity of external space educational environment elements was confirmed according to the students' affiliated school, grade, and gender. These results are judged to be used as basic data when creating an external space in elementary school.

To understand the divergent trajectories of urban development in South and North Korea, it is essential to analyze urban models of North Korea. With the assistance of neighboring socialist states, North Korean cities in the early years of the regime were developed around railway stations, incorporating assembly plazas, symbolic axes, and monumental buildings. Sinuiju serves as a representative example of this urban form, exhibiting distinct spatial transformations before and after the establishment of the North Korean regime. Today, it seeks to evolve into a major trade hub of North Korea. Against this backdrop, this study identifies the spatial characteristics of North Korean cities across different historical periods and explores potential directions for mutual urban development within the context of national unification. Sinuiju, modernized during the Japanese colonial period with the construction of its railway station, largely retained its preexisting urban structure after the regime’s establishment, developing into a model city under the socialist system. This enables an in-depth analysis of the city’s spatial evolution in comparison with its earlier urban form. Ultimately, this study identifies the characteristics of urban spaces before and after the establishment of the North Korean regime, suggests directions for future urban development, and provides insights into the public nature of socialist urban spaces.