Earticle

The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of East Asian Buddhist thought on the formation of Kuma Kengo's architectural thought through analysis of his works. Kuma Kengo's values nature and place using his own architectural language based on the view of nature in Oriental thought, and consistently pursues architecture that connects with nature through relationships with the surroundings and architecture that disappears while relying on nature. Kuma Kengo's architectural history is known to have been heavily influenced by East Asian thought, However, the reality is that research on it is lacking. As a methodology to find out the commonalities between Kuma Kengo's architectural thinking and East Asian Buddhist thinking, we examine the construction concepts and characteristics of Madhyamaka Buddhism, and among them, the characteristics of non-self centered on dependent nature and the architecture revealed in Kuma Kengo's architectural works. Commonalities were derived through connection with architectural characteristics. As a result, it was confirmed that Kuma Kengo's architectural work has a combination of relationship, dependence, connectivity, circulation, and extinction characteristics in the extension of Oriental thinking linked to Buddhism's non-self, boundaryless, dependent combination, connection with the surroundings, and semi-transparency.

According to the analysis of industrial accidents, measures to prevent them are needed as the number of construction machinery deaths among construction industry accidents continues to increase, accounting for more than 20% in 2021. In recent years, the scope of use of construction machinery has expanded and the causes of accidents are diversifying, so a macro approach that can comprehensively grasp various factors is needed. Therefore, this study attempts to extract various routes that affect construction machinery accidents and propose risk management measures to reduce accidents. As a result of the study, the risk management measures for construction machinery accident include the legal system, the improvement of management's safety will, reinforcement of safety management, establishment of corporate culture and safety culture, establishment of thorough work plans, reinforcement of accident prevention devices and facilities, reinforcement of management supervision, reinforcement of workers' situational awareness and risk recognition ability, and reinforcement of the use of appropriate personal protective equipment.

In this study, we reviewed the technical standards for the energy performance evaluation method of small wind power systems installed in buildings and analyzed the energy performance evaluation by the default values proposed in the standards. The wind speed distribution in major cities in Korea has a shape parameter less than 2, indicating that the Rayleigh distribution has a large error for predicting annual energy production (AEP). It is proposed that the AEP calculation be included in the building energy efficiency rating certification program by taking the shape and scale parameters of the Weibull distribution as input values.

This study focused on the problems of generative-based optimization design, recently become increasingly popular in the field of architectural design, such as overlooking form due to performance-oriented evaluation and designers' difficulties in analyzing huge number of solutions. In response to this, the study aims to incorporate a form-based clustering technique into the existing optimization process. To achieve this, we use Wallacei, an optimization tool, to perform optimization on the set example. Afterwards, the cluster composition and process characteristics of the derived optimal solution group were analyzed using various clustering techniques. In detail, K-means clustering was applied to the optimal solution group derived for the example set as the first step to confirm the adequacy and characteristics of clustering according to the form criteria. Second, we perform comparison analysis on the changes and differences in various clustering results derived from K-means clustering and three hierarchical clustering to derive rationality and efficient utilization of its application. Through this, the application of the clustering technique to generative design simplifies the huge solutions through form-based evaluation and clustering to increase user interpretation of the solutions and its usability, thereby complementing the completeness of optimization process required in architectural design.

Long-term deformation of vertical members in tall buildings can cause structural and serviceability problems by causing differential column shortening between vertical members. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the differential column shortening through the construction stage analysis assuming the actual construction process. In particular, unlike the general construction process, the top-down method has the characteristic that the slab is installed before the column, so caution is needed in the analysis of the construction stage. In this study, we intend to propose a method for differential column shortening in which the top-down method is applied to the construction stage analysis.

This study aims to examine the accuracy of scanning using LiDAR, a representative technology in reverse engineering of existing buildings, which has recently received significant attention. Fixed ground LiDAR, commonly employed in architectural reverse engineering, inevitably incurs errors during scanning and subsequent alignment process from multiple locations. Additionally, the likelihood of errors increases depending on on-site conditions and the characteristics of the space being scanned. This research conducted actual scanning and measurements of three buildings within the Cheongsu-jang complex, representing the memory of Dogo Hot Springs in the Dogo Urban Regeneration Area. After creating drawings using the results measured in different ways, the study evaluated the length errors of major walls in the generated drawings. The errors were assessed using two primary indicators: absolute error, measuring the difference in absolute length, and error rate, gauging the relative ratio. The findings revealed that the absolute error length across the three buildings averaged between 82.74~184.5 mm, with an average error rate of 2.04~2.83%. Predominant errors occurred in rooms with long walls, complex shapes, or challenging site conditions, and in scenarios where establishing measurement standards like wall or window thickness was difficult. These errors can be attributed to mechanical, alignment, and on-site operational inaccuracies. Considering these points, further research is necessary to develop more accurate scanning guidelines and to validate accuracy in a wider variety of cases.

Korea's focus on quantitative housing supply has led to various problems. It not only limits interaction and communication between neighbors, but also creates individualism. Builders maximized the housing area and minimized the shared space. As a result, various criticisms of residential culture were raised, and human interaction and a sense of community were emphasized in apartment complexes in response to changes in residential culture and the changing needs of residents. To solve these problems and effectively respond to the needs of future changes in population and household structure, it is necessary to study how community facility planning is changing by housing policies and residents' awareness. Therefore, this study derives period-specific features through the community facilities' area, type, and layout plan. It also aims to respond to the needs of residents and social trends through time trends and contribute to the quality improvement of future community facility planning.

The purpose of this study is to classify and categorize architectural design based on precedent analysis of how architectural design is executed, and to lay the foundation for connecting this with the way actual projects are developed and perceived. In general, the classification of how architects approach design is closely related to Western philosophical discourse and artistic trends, and can be divided into two major categories: figurative and abstract. In addition, the approach corresponding to this major classification was supported through precedent analysis of various architectural projects, and specific subclassification was possible according to the type. It was found that each type was closely related to the main performance tool for the development of the project, and furthermore, it was revealed that the type of sense perceived and the form of perceptual conversion were different for each type. Based on the results, it can be used as a basis for judgment to set the final target sensory experience when carrying out an architectural project and to select appropriate implementation tools.

In this study, a complex unit consisting of air cleaning, total heat recovery ventilation, and humidification units was developed while satisfying the air quality standards for classrooms. To validate the proposed complex unit, an experimental study comparing the existing heat recovery ventilation unit and the complex unit was conducted in two adjacent classrooms of an existing school in Busan. The complex unit was operated in the following modes: (1) total heat exchange ventilation, (2) air cleaning, (3) bypass, and (4) humidification modes. Results confirmed that it was effective in reducing fine dust in total heat exchange ventilation and air cleaning modes. In addition, it was confirmed that the indoor comfortable humidity range was satisfied under the humidification mode during winter, while indoor temperature is maintained under bypass mode. As a result, the proposed complex unit demonstrates satisfactory performance in maintaining a healthy classroom environment.

What is the representing type of apartment complexes in terms of morphological form? To answer this question, two assumptions might be required. The type needs to be defined and the period shall be sub-devided since there is not a single apartment type, which represents the whole period. The study defines ‘type’ as the two dimensional form which has been developed by urban morphologists and specifically focuses on the site arrangement type and the building block type. The study period is subdivided into every five years to compare the representing apartment type for each period. The periodical subdivision is advantageous due to the comparison of type per period and thus revelation of change of type. Out of all constructed apartment complexes with more than 600 units, 294 complexes were selected for analysis. The findings showed that the representing type until 1990 was the complex with I-shaped buildings and parallel arrangement. However, the type after 1990 has changed to complexes with I-shapeds building and latticed arrangement. After the year 2010, the leading type has changed again to the complexes with L-shaped buildings and diagonal arrangement. The chi-square test also reveals that the site arrangement type and building block type has correlation with each other, meaning means the change of building block type can affect the change of site arrangement type.

According to the results of the 2022 population and housing census, among apartment complexes, there are 12.269 million apartments, accounting for 64% of total housing. The number continues to increase due to the recent craze for redevelopment and reconstruction, and most of them are high-rise apartments over 30 stories. For apartments in Korea, government policies, housing-related regulations, and quantitative supply of apartments have a great influence on floor plans. Therefore, apartments are highly preferred as a housing method, and the type of housing has changed depending on the demand of residents depending on the supply period. The plate-type apartment, which is typical of Korean apartments, has a monotonous appearance and consists of 3 or 4 bays, with the living room and bedroom facing in one direction. On the other hand, recently completed high-rise apartments have a variety of planning characteristics, such as tower-type and complex types with various shapes, a more three-dimensional appearance, and living rooms and bedrooms facing in different directions. To date, previous studies analyzing apartment building forms have focused on sunlight, views, and energy efficiency, and studies analyzing building forms according to various planning characteristics are insufficient. Accordingly, this study first analyzes the current status of high-rise apartments and classifies their main types, and analyzes various planning characteristics for each type.

Reinforced concrete(RC) walls are used in many buildings as a structural element to resist lateral load such as earthquake load. The accurate prediction of failure mode and shear strength of RC wall is important for both code-based design and performance evaluation. In this study, the reliability of the analysis model and method is verified using the non-linear finite element analysis. Also, the failure mode and shear strength are evaluated through analysis of main variables and compared with design code of each country. The main conclusions are as follows: (1)The aspect ratio is the dominant variable in the failure mode and horizontal/vertical reinforcement ratios are main variables affecting the type of shear failure mode. (2)The lower aspect ratio and the higher axial load ratio, the more rapidly deformation ability and load after maximum load decrease. (3)The lower concrete compressive strength, the more rapidly rigidity decreases after cracking and Even if the horizontal and vertical reinforcement ratios increase, the behavior is similar. (4)The increasing of concrete compressive strength and axial load ratio results in increasing of shear strength, whereas the influence of horizontal and vertical reinforcement ratios on the increase in shear strength varies depending on the aspect ratio.