Earticle

Dadaejin was established as a Manhoyoung(萬戶營) under the local military rule of the Chosun Dynasty, but was later promoted to the Cheomsayoung(僉使營), which was stationed by the military commander of the Navy, and had a military significance such as serving as a starting point for the second line of the five seals can do. Like this Dadae-jinseong is a typical defense outpost remains site in Busan, its historical value is considerably high, but it is a danger of being damaged or destroyed by various development projects in the policy and institutional blind spot due to the current situation that is not designated as cultural property. Therefore, practical institutional complementary measures for conservation of unremarket cultural assets and long-term conservation and utilization plans are necessary.

This research aims at examining the space necessary to go into meditation by approaching the positive emotions of the ideas about the nature of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism inherent in traditional architecture. The space to go into meditation with the combination of the following interpretational results of architecture and the positive emotions is as follows. First, Confucian architecture with Dosan Seodang in the background has the sense of space with the positive emotions of frugality and modesty, flexibility about four seasons, and simplicity friendly to the nature and one can come close to the space to go into meditation of the 'asceticism' of sitting in contemplation. Second, the architecture of Buddhist temple with a main temple in the background has the sense of space with the positive emotions of cleanness and sanctity of the place, fresh emptiness of a building, and the restrained comfort through homogeneity, and one can approach the space to go into 'practice' meditation of sitting up straight and contemplation. Third, Bulguksa has the sense of space with the positive emotions of trust in the national Zen temple, interestingly diverse temporality, and composure of architectural stroll, and one can go close to the space to go into meditation for 'training' of walking contemplation through intentionally slow steps. Therefore, meditation needs to be defined with the original setting of Asian ideas. It has to be examined as the notion including the key words of Confucian ‘asceticism’, Buddhist 'practice', and Zen ‘training'.

This study is to clarify the changes in arrangement and architectural characteristics of Po-chung-sa Shrine. Po-chung-sa Shrine is two of the Sa-ek(賜額) Seowons with Seowon of bestowed signboard of Jeollanam-do together with Jangseong Pil-am seowon shrine that have long history. In addition, since its establishment, Po-chung-sa Shrine had Chi-je (ceremony for governing) when the government sending its Ye-gwan (officials for protocol) a number of times. However, with new shrine established, the interests and importance of Original shrine have not been recognized. In addition, Po-chung-sa that is the religious chamber(神室) of original shrine has maintained its original shape in the original place to the present time, but the research or investigation on it has been extremely scarce. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is shown as follows. First, the religious chamber (神室) of Po-chung-sa Shrine was built in 1601 and seemed to maintain its original shape in the original place. This point may be confirmed from the type and structure of Gong-po(栱包) and Dae- gong(臺工). And second, Go-jig-sa(庫直舍) and Jeon-sa-cheong(典祀廳) are the supporting space in the ㄷ-shape combined in functions to make the functional structure by orthogonal with the symbolic axis of Sa-dang. In other word, the moving line is separated by the symbolic axis and functional axis and it is intentional plan not to interfere with the symbolic axis.

This study targets buildings with three bay among Buddhist Temples with a hipped and gable roof and tries to find out the characteristics of eaves curvature diagram and the correlation between eaves curve and eaves curvature diagram. The results of the study are as follows. First, as for the group with the smallest eaves curvature diagram, there were two cases. One was the case where eaves curvature diagram is small as the size of the building is large and the size of chunyeo and sarae is small so that it is difficult to create a curved line. In the other case, the frontal eaves curvature diagram was made to be small for the balance of frontal and side eaves curve as the ratio of lateral to longitudinal length is small. Second, the group of with the largest frontal angular curvature has small roofs so they have more sunjayon than pyungyeon in the rafters, making the eaves curvature diagram large. Third, it was found that Buddhist halls whose side eaves curvature diagram is bigger than frontal eaves curvature diagram and whose side eaves are bigger than their frontal eaves had bigger curvature difference. Fourth, eaves curve shows a tendency to increase as the length of the roof becomes longer but frontal eaves curve and side eaves curve do not increase from the point of 18,352 and 16,940 respectively. Fifth, frontal eaves curve, side eaves curve, and the length of the side roof tend to be directly proportional, but such a tendency is lost from the point of frontal eaves curve being 781 and the length of the side roof being 14,505. In summary, eaves curvature diagram is influenced by the height and form of the adjacent building, the size of chunyeo and sarae, and the proportion of sunjayeong in rafters, and there is a limit to the length of the roof and side eaves curvature diagram that allows eaves curve to increase.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of Astana City focusing on Kurokawa’s project to provide effective examples and implications for architect’s urban design works. The new administrative capital project of Kurokawa refers to the concept of symbiosis and metabolism based on the age of life principal. The results of this study were as follows; First, the main concepts of symbiosis and metabolic city were highly persuasive to the historical, cultural, geographical, political and economic situation of Kazakhstan and of Astana at the time. Second, the concrete alternatives from city planning to architectural design were very effective. Third, the cooperation between the architect and the city planner was well established.

This study aims to extract the historical background and architectural and spacial characteristics of traditional villages. Through field research, we analyze villages' physical characteristics in relation to village spaces and regarding neighborhood thinking, village orientation, village streets, and facilities related to cognitive features that divide age and gender. The research target is the village of Zǎi dàng dòng zhài in Gùizhōu Shěng, where the native people are living. The results show an accumulated and organized relationship of physical characteristics of the village, as seen via the mental cognition of its inhabitants. Physical features, life-related ceremonies, and aspects of everyday life are found to have a deep connection with cognitive formation, along with consistent inherent qualities.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the usage of finish material and color in farming area and to put the direction how to apply the finish material as material color and texture of residential landscape for environmental improvement. This research was done by the field survey of 30 rural village housing in Kyung-ju which has the biggest farming scale in our country. The field survey was focused on checking the type of finish material and color scale with the residential landscape component. The residential landscape components are consisted by roof as the long distance landscape, fence and outside door as the middle distance, and the wall of the housing as the short distance. Extracting the usage from the colr based on the finish material is to reflect the image of the nature. When the human being recognizes the environment and residential landscape in the farming area, the type and detail of the material is the most preferential elements, with visual importance of the initial approach of farming area. To improve the environment of farming area, we should specifically apply and figured out the capable rule of application texture and color code with finish material to the residential landscape components.

In this study, In the Changwon City, the number of elderly people is increasing at high gauges while the population is steadily decreasing. Therefore, the rate of increase of Leisure welfare facilities for elderly is not able to keep up with the growth rate of the elderly population. The reason for this is that the elderly want to stay in the downtown area where there is a lot of medical facilities and cultural space to solve this desire because the first priority is the health maintenance (medical welfare) and the second is the leisure activity desire. According to the method of elderly people aged 65 years and older wanting to spend their old age, Seniors welfare center in Changwon City analyzed the main space firstly as the first place for leisure activity space, followed by health care space. It is desirable that Seniors welfare Center should be combined with other uses in urban areas and their neighborhoods to induce the activation of leisure activities. It is also necessary to form a space where people can interact with local people through installation of theaters. Also, the construction of Seniors welfare center should be planned as low - rise construction so that it will not be inconvenient to use the elderly population by spreading horizontally.

Today, When Intermodal Transit Center(ITC) is appeared for the urbanistic central function and combining the transit transfer function. Between these two combination of problems, it is concluded to the problem about the method of the intermediate-zone. Presently, Examine about the problem with the urban space which is appeared in the ITC of the Railroad Station Oriented in Korea, comparing with foreign countries, Korea just focused on the commercial development. Therefore, bring in 'method of the intermediate-zone' as the element of the integration. So this study will pays attention to the Mixed- use Development of the ITC of the Railroad Station Oriented to Japan as the learning model. we can review for characteristice of the intermediate-zone appear in Mixed-use Development with these case study. On the base of this study, it can contribute to the development policy for the urbanism integration with the ITC in Korea. and also it can be in charge of the reference the role.

This study evaluated the place marketing strategy effect on the market vitalization by using a case study on the Handicrafts Weekend Market at Baekhyeon Cafe Street in Seongnam city. The research reviewed the urban design guidelines, the land use and development processes for the cafe district. 192 questionnaires for the visitors were analyzed in order to specify influences on the street market vitalization through statistic analysis, matching sample T-test and multiple regression. The results were as follows. First, most customers visited the cafe district due to the product, price, place and promotion factor which is specialized by the place marketing strategies. Second, the promotion in the Flowing Market led customers to spend more money and time as well as to have re-visit intention. Third, unique place design and products were more ciritical factors for better customer satisfaction. Fourth, the differentiated products and promotion conditions in the commercial street promoted visitors to spend more money. Fifth, visitors tended to stay longer when they find various promotions and products in the commercial area. Last, the unique products and promotion conditions were significantly influential elements for customer revisit.

The random dynamic forces experienced by structure due to wind are caused primarily by the turbulence in the approaching flow and motion of the structure. In the paper, fluctuating wind velocity for time history analysis are simulated by multi-dimensional random processes using Karman spectrum about along-wind direction and Liang spectrum about across-wind direction. This paper is analyzed and obtained the dynamic response for structures modeled as a plane frame. This study uses the stiffness method and static condensation method to determine the condensed stiffness matrix that corresponds to the lateral displacement coordinates at the various levels of the building. The numerical results, obtained by the Newmark-β method, shows the time- history responses and trends of maximum accelerations and displacements by applying various load conditions. In the paper, the values of dynamic reponse to the structure modeled as a plane frame will be discussed with the values of dynamic reponse to the structures modeled as a shear building. For the building that is modeled as a plane frame, lateral displacements and accelerations are greater than the values obtained in modeled as a shear building.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear behavior of a building structures with shear walls to horizontal loads such as seismic loads. A recent survey of earthquake damage cases shows that damage to shear walls is unexpected even in countries where relatively seismic design is strictly implemented. So far, many studies on nonlinear analysis modeling of shear walls have been conducted. However, the validity of analytical modeling with general properties applicable to seismic performance evaluation of actual building structures is insufficient. In this paper, nonlinear behavior of a shear wall with a T-shaped cross section, which is widely used in the cores of a three-dimensional building structure, is investigated under the positive and negative directional loading conditions. In this study, the nonlinear behavior of a shear wall modeled by fiber slices and shear spring elements, which are easy to apply in practice, is compared with experimental results and analytical results by applying a macroscopic modeling procedures. The conclusion of this paper is as follows. In the case of the load was applied in the positive direction, the test result underestimates the initial stiffness rather than the analytical result, and the yield strength is overestimated. In addition, the initial stiffness and the yield displacement at the negative direction load are in agreement with the experimental results, but the yield strength is underestimated compared with experimental results.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between urban, buildings, weather conditions and the thermal environment. We evaluated the thermal environment risk of urban due to future climate change and build quantitative data considering the thermal environment during the construction and urban planning. A total of 14 data sets were constructed to evaluate the thermal environment. Multiple regression analysis with heat index and discomfort index indicating the warm environment of city and decision tree method were used. Also, the main influencing factors were selected and the importance of the influencing factors wes derived. As a result, the influencing factors affecting the HI were variables bd, riv, forest, parking, ht, wsmx and tmax33. Influencing factors of the DI were variables bd, riv, forest, wsmx and tmax33. In addition, the variable having the greatest influence on the classification of the heat index was wsmx in the case of the HI and ht in the case of the DI. Finally, the decrease of the hazard index of the HI was confirmed by the change of the ratio of the variables bd, riv, forest and wsmx in the future period.

In this study, we performed a study on the color and lighting condition of child care centers. The study consists of a physical measurement and awareness of the luminance and color of child care centers located in Jinju City. A preliminary measurement and survey was carried out for one child care center. Through this, the survey method was reviewed and the questionnaire was modified. The results are as follows. 1) Teachers' satisfaction with natural lighting is high, but the actual natural lighting performance of children's homes was insufficient. 2) Overall illumination levels and color schemes are low and need improvement. 3) Illumination of artificial light is enhanced, but light control is needed to prevent energy waste. 4) Teachers are aware of the importance of intimate lighting and the importance of appropriate color schemes to children. However, these requirements are not reflected in actual child care plans. This will be a basic source of data for improving the environment for child care centers.

The main purpose of this study is to develope a dry-contact geophone sensing device that improves sensor coupling to structural members during elastic wave measurements without a need of coupling materials. Test results in the laboratory showed that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of typical signals from the proposed sensing devise was about 48dB, which was comparable to that of a commercially available integrated circuit piezoelectric (ICP) accelerometer. Furthermore, the value was about 35 dB improved than using a conventional geophone using vacuum grease as a couplant material. In addition, typical signals from the proposed sensing devise had excellent coherence (about 99.6%) to the values from an ICP accelerometer, which was about 10% improved than using a conventional geophone. In addition, when applied to impulse response and multichannel analysis of surface waves, the proposed sensing devise resulted in equivalent or improved accuracy compared to the two conventional sensors and significantly improved test speed.