Earticle

The the FSB concept is modified and new type of hybrid energy dissipation device, the Active Friction Slip Braces (AFSB), is described. The FSB is by far improved in the AFSB by inclusion of an active clamping mechanism on the friction interface. The results of Single-Degree-of Freedom(SDOF) structure have indicated that the action of dissipating vibrational energy in the AFSB impacts on the response at later cycles by keeping the drift amplitudes at much lower levels, revealing overshooting problem due to its early slippage, and the problem has been taken cared by modifying the algorithm successfully shown in the previous publication in December 2016. It has also shown that providing predetermined constant incremental strengths to the building by AFSB members with the proposed algorithm for a SDOF structure has improved the responses by reducing drift amplitudes and base shear under small and medium amplitude ground accelerations. In this study, the algorithm is tested on the Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF) structure to verify the effectiveness of AFSB supplemented by the algorithm. A six story steel building which is the prototype building for part of the US-Japan Corporative Research Program is selected as an example building. The building is designed and modeled as an FSB and ASFB building, and subjected to a series of ground motions. The response envelopes of both buildings are obtained and compared to evaluate the design implication of AFSB applications.

The purpose of this study is to investigate on the basic properties of bio mortar for water purification by using of eco-friendly materials such as active carbon fiber (ACF), zeolite and bio-colony. It should be to remove nitrogen at the organically polluted water area and cultivation. The variables are as follows: (1) the particulate size of the ACF (100, 200, and 300μm) and the fiber content rate in the cement mixture: 0%, 1%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% and 5%; (2) replacement of fine aggregate with zeolite in the mortar mixture): 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%; (3) replacement of fine aggregate with bio-colony in the cement mixture: 0%, 20%, 30% and 50%, respectively. Experiments are then conducted to determine both the effectiveness of the water purification, and the resultant variations in tensile strength, compressive and flexure strength. Development of bio mortar by applying ACF, zeolite and bio-colony is possible to improve water purification performance.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic research of sustainable social housing strategy in the U.K in order to improve social mix in the deprived areas by studying on going urban regeneration project of Kidbrooke Regeneration Project. The social housing delivery strategy of the Kidbrooke regeneration project has been analysed, identifying its tenures’ characteristics, delivery process, and supporting planning policies & design guides. As social ghetto phenomenon cased by congregation of low-income residents and immigrants and architectural design failures were main elements, leading the area into one of the worst residential areas in the U.K, the strategy of diversifying affordable housing tenures with supports of planning policies and private-led investment encouraged to attract residents with various socio-economic background would help forming resillient community that could resist against unexpected social and economic impact.

This paper is to study on the architectural characteristics of layout plan in the palladio's villa. The results of study are as follows: 1. The layout plan of the palladio's villas are constructed into various types of the form of "U", "□", "ㅡ" shaped of peristyle and court composed on main building, Palace-Villa form, Castle-Villa form, Complex form. 2. The layout plan of the palladio's villas are constructed smoothly to be done with each other the connection of the spaces on functional division and circulation planning of a peristyle from each area of the spaces of main building, the annex building, peristyle and court that is the basic elements of the villas. 3. The layout plan of Palladio's villas are constructed as a complex system that is integrated by the planning of the annex building, peristyle and court as symmetry of axis centered on the centralized main building which plays a key role in the central part.

The aim of this study is to search the optimum location of core and offset outrigger system in high-rise building. To achieve this objective, a structural schematic design of 80 stories building was carried out by making use of MIDAS-Gen. In this paper, the main variables of structural analysis research were the outrigger stiffness, the lateral stiffness ratio between rigid frame and shear wall, the outrigger location in plan and the outrigger location in height. For the goal of finding out the optimal location of core and offset outrigger system in tall building, we analyzed the lateral displacement in top level which is the very important parameter in the structure design of high-rise building. The study results showed that the outrigger location in plan, outrigger location in height, outrigger stiffness and lateral stiffness ratio between rigid frame and shear wall, had an effect on the optimal position of outrigger system. Also, it is considered that the paper results can be helpful in getting the structure design materials for finding out the optimal of location core and offset outrigger system in tall building.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of public facilities by central type and the adjustment direction of facilities in rural areas. And the future direction of the rational supply and maintenance of the public service in the rural center was studied. As a result, the center of the rural area where the risk of population disappearance stage was classified into 1․3 groups below the general seat of a myeon office and 2․4 groups above the Strong Point seat of a myeon office. In addition, considering that all groups have high influence of administrative facilities, adjustment of public facilities other than administrative facilities in the central area needs coordination and reorganization in connection with public facilities with high importance around administrative facilities. In the case of 1 group, there are conflicting views on the integration of facilities and multifunctional complexation, which can be attributed to the inability to recognize the reduction of the area. Therefore, 1 group recognizes the minimization of the same reduction as 3 group, and it is necessary to actively regulate and reform public facilities. In the case of 3 group, administrative and community facilities should be positively integrated into the facility, multifunctional, or multifunctional, in order to maintain minimum quality of life with a minimized center. In this process, it is necessary to make adjustments including public facilities with high importance. In the case of 2 group and 4 group, it is necessary to adjust the public facilities through multifunctional combination of remodeling that focuses on maintenance and improvement of the public facilities.

This study analyzed public awareness survey and characteristics of the influence factors on environmentally-friendly apartment considering demographic characteristics. Based on this process, this study proposes a plan of environmentally-friendly plan of the apartment which conforms to the characteristics of users. For this purpose, this study developed nine classification systems such as land use, transportation, energy, Environment Pollution, Materials & Resources, etc. and 58 detailed factors to be used as indicators of environmentally-friendly apartment. Using the developed indicators, this study developed survey and analysis tools such as questionnaires and analysis methodologies. And, we conducted consciousness survey, importance and preference analysis of environmentally-friendly factors for apartment residents in the metropolitan area. In this study, the public’s difference of consciousness, preference, and classification factors were suggested in consideration of demographic characteristics. As a result of this study, the survey respondents showed highly interest in the environment and preferred high rise and low density, flat type apartment shape. Considering the demographic characteristics, high income group showed high awareness of eco-friendly apartment, and residents in Seoul prefer tower type. Female group, 50 years old and over, and residents of large apartment complexes were more likely to live in environmentally-friendly apartment. The indicators that affect the importance of environmentally-friendly apartment houses are in the order of 'water resources', 'environmental pollution', 'maintenance', 'ecology environment', 'materials and resources', 'energy', 'transportation’

Ocean cities usually develop a large amount of industrial traffic around their harbors that eventually declines due to changes in the structure of the industry. Pohang, a city that has grown with the growth of the industrial costal area, is now redeveloping its disused inner harbor into a promising urban place. As such, this study aimed to suggest an approach for redesigning the inner harbor by considering the characteristics of the local urban structure and location and by comparatively analyzing the locational features of inner harbors in various cities to those of Pohang. As a result of these analyses, Pohang’s inner harbor area was found to have high level of potential to grow as a central site that could influence the whole city and connect the city and the ocean. However, spatial isolation caused by the poor structure of the city’s streets and the harbor’s lack of proximity to main urban functions due to inland-oriented, ocean-exclusive developments was also evident. The inner harbor must be considered a maritime area that is connected to the surrounding city rather than an isolated, disused harbor. The scope of planning should be expanded to connect the inner harbor to the city in terms of both form and function. In addition, a long-term planning strategy should to be used to transform the inner harbor into a center that can progress the city’s maritime culture.

The research is aimed at focusing on the introduction of newly constructed detached houses in Seoul's aging residential district for several years in 'Home & Garden Lifestyle Magazine' which introduced rural houses, and understanding the trend and meaning of the new houses. It was in 2009 when the magazine first introduced the new detached house in Seoul, and until 2014, it was mainly a detached house in large-scale lots. It was confirmed that the number of relevant items increased after 2014 in particular, focusing on those below 90㎡. The analysis of 'family members, building density, number of houses, ground floor and parking plans, exterior space, exterior materials, and building structures' of newly built houses in small paper was carried out. There were a large number of families with 2.83 average households and children under 13 years of age. And small land was designed to have a large legal capacity rate, and the living space consisted mainly of 3 to 4 floors vertical. Some cases were planned for 50㎡ or less because parking conditions were not provided, and there was a tendency to plan for nearby living facilities on the first floor and use them for diverse activities.

In construction work, temporary materials and equipments mean temporary structure or facilities, removed after construction is completed. Temporary equipment must be installed in condition of confirming safety and quality according to the rules and guides. But many construction site use the materials and equipments under quality standards, fundamental measure for improvement is needed. So, this research analyzes the factors of low-quality materials about distribution systems and market conditions, and with these factors we interviewed focus group about measures and plans for improving these problems. : Consist of four fields 1) quality management problems 2) distribution systems and market conditions, 3) some petty company and uneven business of market, 4) communication with institutes and public sectors.

Safety management of remodeling is very important because dismantling work is initiated proactively as a major work and it is carried out in complex connection with repair work and extension work. However, the same or similar accidents occur repeatedly due to the lack of information accumulation as well as the cause analysis of past accidents. From this point of view, the purpose of this study is to propose the methodology of accident prevention to consider rationalization of safety management targeting safety accident 62 cases in the remodeling construction projects from 1994 to 2016. In order to perform the purpose of this study, after the cause of the accident was found, the analysis of the actual situation for each work type of majority accident was carried out and the mechanism of the accident occurrence was considered. Based on the case study and related laws, we suggested composition structure of checklist and business process of priority safety

The purpose of this study is to derive the relationship between escape time and visibility characteristics in general hospital. The scope of this study was limited to the outpatient division of general hospital. Quantitative data were calculated using visibility graph analysis. Evacuation simulations were used to calculate the escape routes, jam time, and evacuation time. Visibility graph analysis value was set for each user's escape route. For correlation analysis, users with the same distance of travel were calculated. This study calculated the correlations between evacuation times and visibility graph analysis and the correlations between jam time and visibility graph analysis results. The visibility analysis showed the congestion at evacuation routes. Visual Integration, and Visual Mean Depth are related to jam time. Visual Control and Visual Integration are negatively correlated to evacuation time. Visual Mean Depth of View is positively correlated to evacuation time. Visual Integration is negatively correlated to jam time. Visual Mean Depth is positively correlated jam time.

In this study, we look at the background of the development for the Transbay Transit Center of the New Intermodal Transfer Center in the Transbay Program, recently held in San Francisco, and the neighborhood Station Area redevelopment, It is aimed directly at understanding the process characteristics of the Intermodal Transfer Center and the focus of the development. Based on this, the ultimate goal is to derive future detailed research subjects to present more specific research progress direction. Analyzing the purpose and characteristics of the Transbay Program development Prior to advancing the consideration of the transition process of the city related to the Transbay Transit Center site related transportation system in San Francisco I began with deriving the background problem of development. Based on this, the relevance between the initial planning process of the program and the composition of related bills for development was examined. At this time, we analyzed the analysis by dividing it into aspects for the balanced development of the Connectivity & Transfer aspect and Station Area. The main aims of Transbay Program development are summarized into sustainability via Connectivity & Transfer, TOD and Transit Hub, thereby deriving future research subjects.

It is clear that the new paradigms of housing and architectural types that Le Corbusier suggested have clearly had a significant impact on modern society. The purpose of this study is to determine specifically what his methods were while placing emphasis on the past things that Le Corbusier applied to cultivate and advocate this innovative thinking. This study was carried out by extracting instances of architects making direct mentions of a certain architectural assets regarding work related to housing, and considering those application methods. Through an analysis, this study is to describe what kinds of the architectural assets, or methods was applied. As a result of the description, this study argues that architectural assets was applied in the housing compositions and the development of design methodologies as the basis of an argument of design theory, as well as in the reinterpretation of values on housing. Lastly, this study notes that the majority of innovative thinking or architectural elements recognized as Le Corbusier created are rooted in the past, and that he always adhered to and embraced studies on things of old.