Earticle

The large spatial structure is three-dimensionally arranged on the basis of the three-dimensional force flow, so it has excellent performance and efficiency, enabling the design of a column-free large spatial structure. The space frame structure is a typical large spatial structure, and it has a high rigidity and is affected by earthquake loads more than wind loads. That is safer to earthquakes than general structures can accommodate many people and are used as evacuation spaces. However, there are often cases where structures are damaged due to strong earthquakes and objects cannot be used for their intended purpose due to falling objects. Based on such cases, the need for earthquake response control research for large spatial structures is also raised. Therefore, in this study, we intend to analyze the seismic response according to the number of installations, positions and masses by applying the tuned mass damper, which is a representative vibration control device with a simple principle, to simple generalized large spatial structures.

Mokpo is a representative modern city in Korea that has developed since it opened a port in 1897. Especially, Bukgyo-dong in Mokpo is the only place where you can identify Mokpo's history as a representative residential district of Koreans before opening the port of Mokpo. Since the early 1900s, wealthy people in Mokpo had built Hanok in Bukgyo-dong on a large scale, which was different considerably from the existing Hanok in the southern area of Korea. The Hanok in those times showed the modernized lifestyle while maintaining the tradition externally. In other words, it is the modern Hanok. Hanok in Bukgyo-dong has a typical 'ㄱ-type'. The Hanok of 'ㄱ-type' had been rarely seen in Jeon-nam until the late Joseon Period as well as in farming villages near Mokpo in the modern era. Hanok in Bukgyo-dong has a typical traditional wooden structure. However, in terms of design and elevation, there were some changes by using modern architectural materials such as the glass and red bricks. As the late of Japanese occupation came, Hanok became more and more Japanized by using of Japan-style roof tiles and windows. In other words, the Hanok of Bukgyo-dong in Mokpo reflects the situations in those times well.

Finland's Juhani Pallasmaa criticizes the visual-center trends in contemporary architecture and cities and insists on recovering the human senses through multi-sensory experiences. This study is the interaction of senses based on Pallasmaa's architectural theory and derives three elements for a multi-sensory architectural experience. Using three elements of 'body sensation, body movement, and emotional innerness', analyzed the characteristics of multisensory elements in the works of Peter ZumThor and Kengo Kuma. As a result of the analysis, in the works of the two architects, all or part of the sensory expression elements appear depending on the purpose of the space, or the sensory elements appear in various forms according to the emotional aspects of the East and the West. Therefore, although architectural thinking and the way of expressing works are different, it can be said that they are realizing the architecture of multi-sensory experiences through their own methods. In the end, Pallasmaa and the two architects can be seen as having the same ultimate goal and direction of 'architecture of human multi-sensory experience'. Through this study, Pallasmaa's arguments on the restoration of human sensory abilities were recognized as important, and the experience of multi-sensory architecture should be a goal that modern architecture has overlooked.

This study conducted an experiment to verify the flexural reinforcement effect based on the state of damage by reinforcing damaged reinforced concrete slabs with composite mortar, in order to ascertain the effect of reinforcement construction methods verified to improve the strength of the structure and noise between floors on actual buildings. The method of experiment was conducted based on the “2017 Safety Inspection and Precise Safety Diagnosis Guidelines” of the Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation, and the damage on the actual specimen was determination based on the displacement value occurring on the specimen. The experiment of introducing damage was set to a scope that can be reinforced to a state before the reinforced bar yielded, and only the damage of composite mortar was induced to conduct the experiment. The method of damaging the composite mortar was examined by comparing the values of the concrete material experiment result and the values of the composite mortar induced by an existing equation. The principal variables of the bend experiment included the wire mesh diameter, use of POSS, and damage levels 1, 2 and 3, and a total of 10 specimens were produced.

The purpose of this study is to find out effect of compression strength according to mixing rate of rice husk powder extraction from digestion into cementless mortar and synergy through chemical composition analysis. The binders of cementless mortar were fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag and rice husk powder produced to unary, binary and ternary mortar. In order to examine the physical properties of cementless mortar according to the mixing rate of rice husk powder, the table flow, compressive strength and flexural strength were tested. And to figure out synergy effect with rice husk powder and other binders, XRF analysis was performed. As a result of the experiment, the mixing rate of rice husk powder was increased, the table flow was higher than ordinary portland cement because of the lignin amount being increased according to the mixing rate of rice husk powder. The early compressive strength of the binary and ternary mortar were higher than ordinary portland cement, and the compression strength on the 28 days was higher in the order of ternary, binary and unary mortar. The XRF analysis results showed that the Si/Al ratio was higher when rice husk powder was mixed than excluding, resulting higher compressive strength. This means that mixing rice husk powder increases the Si/Al ratio, contributing the development of compressive strength.

The purpose of this study is to present a model that can predict the appropriate level of input value, divided into 40MPa and 60MPa high fluidity concrete by applying neural network theory, confirm the mix design model through test validation, and is expected to minimize material waste and quality variation. Neural network theory was used as a method in this study. Algorithms for the neural network theory was selected as multilayer perceptrons and used back propagation algorithms to increase accuracy and reduce error rates while training. The factors in the neural network theory affect the compressive strength as input value, and collects the mixed design data through references related to the compressive strength characteristics. To validate the model, a compressive strength test was conducted based on the prediction of the mix design factor, comparing between the target compressive strength and the test value in mix design. According to the results of the mix design verification experiment, the lowest error rate in 40MPa high fluidity concrete was 4.3% composed of fly ash and silica fume and in 60MPa high fluidity concrete the lowest error rate was 5.8% composed of silica fume and ground granulated blast slag. Overall, 60MPa high fluidity concrete was higher than 40MPa high fluidity concrete.

This study shows the process of changes in Seo-dong Policy Migration area of Geumjeong-gu in Busan. Considering the urban policies, population change and chronological incidents, this study divided 4 different stages of change as ‘Formation Period of policy migration area’, ‘Expansion Period according to needs and requirements’, ‘Stagnant Period following Act on Temporary Measures’ and ‘Decline Period with New Town Plan’. After exploring the policies, spatial structure and architectural changes of each period, following conclusions have been found. First, without detailed plan and infra structures, policy migration in Busan in the 1960s and 1970s produced another low quality residential area excluding urban poor in the downtown to the outskirts of the city with many problems in living, working and education. Second, simple planning of repetitive back-to-back small standard lot (50.98m2) without considering topography produced monotonous residential area without adequate street, park and public facility. Third, following urban expansion with industrial district nearby area and urban policies to consider the people in policy migration area had caused huge housing demand and legal/illegal extension, expansion and new construction of of housing. Fourth, the people in the policy migration area have been responding to the changing social/economic/policy environment with producing maximum building coverage ratio and fllor area ratio, creating various types of housing and functional variation of spaces utilizing small standard lot, merging lots or dividing lot.

The construction of a basement floor utilizes reinforced concrete (RC) structures composed mainly of rebar work and form work. RC structures lower construction efficiency and significantly delay the construction because they require a large number of temporary materials and wooden formwork. In this study, a Double-skinned composite wall (DSCW) System was developed to improve the efficiency of retaining wall construction. DSCW is a precast concrete (PC) wall in which two thin concrete panels are connected parallel to each other with truss-shaped reinforcement between them. DSCW can contribute to securing integrity, reducing the delay in construction. An overall process for the member design and construction stage of the DSCW system was proposed, and its improvement effects were examined regarding various aspects in comparison to the RC method.