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The purpose of this study is analyze the housing welfare service in Busan. Documentary research and content analysis method and survey used in this study. Housing welfare is not simply adding welfare service to housing, but approaching welfare - level housing policy and realizing housing rights as basic rights. As the demand for housing welfare grows, limited resources, urban social characteristics, demographic change and social conditions of the local government will be limited by the central government 's housing welfare policy. The housing welfare policy of Busan City was limited to the central government policy and played the role of policy executor. Based on these problems, this study aims to present the direction of practical housing welfare policy by analyzing the current housing environment and housing welfare policy of Busan citizen. In this study, we examine the development of universal housing and housing welfare policy in Korea, the case of welfare policy establishment in Jeonju and Seoul, and propose a policy direction through analysis of housing welfare policy matrix in Busan.

The number of apartment houses is increasing steadily. However, quality management and defect prevention management of apartments house are insufficient to reduce defects. Defects cause the residents' complaints to grow and resulting in collective complaints and lawsuits. In apartment houses, pre-check of prospective residents before completion is conducted to improve the quality of apartment house and the satisfaction of residents. In this study, the residents' pre-check data are collected and analyzed and then the methods are developed to mitigate problems and reduce the occurrence of defects. As a result of this study, in order to verify the improvement method for the reduction of the secondary defect, it was confirmed that the defect was reduced by 30% or more by applying it to a pilot project. The proposed improvement method which is improvement of the maintenance standard and the improvement of the finishing construction procedure in this study will contribute to the quality control of the construction, improvement of residents' satisfaction, and reduction of defect repair cost.

This study analyzed the historical transition process and the urban meaning of the Borgo district in Rome, focusing on the historical background from ancient Roman age to modern age. The results of study are as follows: The Borgo district in Rome was planned as a new city concept outside the center of Rome, which was concentrated in the east direction of the Tiber river from the ancient Roman period, because it was planned between the Vatican with the St. Peter's Basilica and the castle of the St. Angel on the west side of the Tiber river. The Borgo district in Rome can be granted the value to the changing urban meanings that are historically generated and developed, through its historical process of change, such urban meaning was achieved through the realization of a sustainable plan in which past and present coexist with each other.

This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing measures to enhance effectiveness in the future by investigating and analyzing the regulatory compliance and the performance status of the hazard and risk prevention plan system in the construction industry. It was confirmed that most of the items in 'Regulatory awareness' were highly recognized, except for the prohibition on the preparation by outside companies. The regulatory recognition, which examined the satisfaction with the current legal system, showed a slight preference to be strengthened rather than relaxed. Compliance was conducted on a self-assessment and was generally found to be well-conserved. During a stage-by-stage performance survey, it was necessary to have a method for inducing on-site manpower-oriented preparation at the preparation stage and to have a practical method for participation of the actual preparers at the review stage in order to enhance the effectiveness of the implementation and verification stage. The reason for the non-utilization of the plan in the implementation stage and the discrepancy between the plan and the site conditions during the verification stage is that the change contents during construction and design changes are not supplemented in the plan. Therefore, it was confirmed that a change history management plan is needed. Through the detailed analysis of the proposed problems in the future, influencing factors and impedeing factors on effectiveness should be derived. In doing so, it is necessary to propose measures to enhance the effectiveness and field operability of the hazard risk prevention plan system that can improve construction safety and health.

The purpose of this study is to understand the universal living culture and characteristics of residents through the spatial analysis of Standard Rural Houses Design(S.R.H.D) and modern apartment floor plans. To analyze space, 16 types floor plan of S.R.H.D were compared with 17 types of apartment floor plans in Wirye New Town. And 「Space Syntax」 was used to analyze the depth of space within two types of floor plan. The results are as follows : 1) The depth of space within the floor plan of the Wirye apartment was deeper than S.R.H.D. 2) Both floor plans are planned as segregated spaces 3) The corridor played a central role in the S.R.H.D while the living room played a central role within the floor plan of Wirye apartment. 4) In both types, the master bed rooms are planned to be a more integrated space than segregated spaces. In conclusion, both types were being planned not as integrated spatial planning, which is characteristic of our traditional residential architecture, but as segregated spaces, which is characteristic of modern residential architecture. In this study, only specific case plans were compared. In the future, research will need to be done through a database of many plans.

Recognition of the economic value provided by buildings has led to the creation of specialized buildings in many cities and countries. However, studies that estimate the value of specialized architectural design or specialized design are rare. In this regard, there are two main points of interest in this study. The first is to estimate the aesthetic value of specialized architecture. More specifically, it is analyzing and verifying how consumers' perceptions of specialized buildings are becoming structured as urban landmarks. Second, whether the estimated value is limited only within the area in which the specialized building is located or whether it exists in other areas. This is a tool for verifying the spatial extent of services provided by specialized buildings and verifying that aesthetic values c an exist beyond space. This study analyzed it using conditional valuation method. As a result, the value of special design for Busan Film Festival was 1,175 won to 2,305 won depending on the area. In addition, it was estimated that 1,708 won was used for the group having experience using facilities, 2,207 won for the group with no experience, 1,558 won for the group having no experience and planning. As a result of analyzing the spatial extent of the value of the second issue, the 3 regions with the longest distance are 1.8% higher than those of the 2 regions. In other words, in this study, the disturbance phenomenon of the liquid for payment was not significant. However, there is a limit to limit the sample group to Busan city due to limit of available samples. In the case of expanding the sample group to the metropolitan area around Busan (Ulsan, Daegu, etc.) and to a wider area than the whole country, it is necessary to verify whether payment will appear and why the payment is made in the follow-up study. Estimation of aesthetic values of buildings has rarely been done at home and abroad. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of each function and aesthetic value of a building separately. However, the criterion for how to separate the value of architectural and functional values and define clear definition needs to be actively addressed in subsequent research.

The seismic design according to the DBD(displacement based design) procedure is initiated by specifying a target displacement, while the elastic response acceleration is determined in the first instant to obtain the design force in the current FBD(force based design) procedure. The main difference in between FBD and DBD can be stated that the strength and stiffness are not the design parameters but the outcomes at the end in DBD procedure. The advantage of DBD over FBD is that it only requires the linear static analysis when formulating the design procedure but it can show the yield displacement, ultimate displacement, ductility and design yield moments. This study proposes a seismic design procedure for MDOF steel structure, utilizing this advantage of DBD. This study shows that the ultimate displacement of the structures can be estimated successfully by DBD procedure and target displacement and the story height are the only initial design parameters. It also reveals that drift ratio is the key parameter in DBD procedure affecting ductility, the yield displacement, damping and fundamental period for the structure.

This study goals to analyse and investigate the Aesthetical Element characteristics of catholic churches in Gangwon province built in the 1950s. At that time, catholic churches were supported by us army because of material shortage after the Korean War and were constructed with the help of priests based on Missionary Society of St. Columban before the Chunchon Diocese split in two in 1965. The results are as follows. Since most of catholic churches in Gangwon Province were built in mainly the Gothic and secondarily the Romanesque style, the bell tower roofs of Youngseo area are composed of spire, dome and square hipped roof, whereas those of Youngdong area are composed of flat roof, steeple and square hipped roof. Pinnacles, pointed-arch windows and semi-round arch windows, buttresses like pilaster mass, domers on the roof were used in those facade composition. As for the connection between wall and bell tower, most of those were shapes protruded from front or side wall except one. The truss of roof were used king post. Outer wall material and structure of Youngseo area mainly were adopted a stone or semi-stone structure, whereas those of Youngdong area were adopted a cement brick structure. The study compared and examined the aesthetical characteristics of catholic churches at Kangwon Province built in the 1950s, but there were differences in details among those of between Yeongseo and Youngdong area. It can thus serve as a basic study on the formative characteristics of catholic churches at Gangwon province.

This study analyzes the types of displacement that occur in wooden architecture cultural assets and establishes their causes. The types are classified into three parts; the structure’s load impact, the imbalanced structure, and its durability deterioration. As a result, the factors that cause displacement to the sections are derived as follows. In the foundation section, there is damage from both a poor foundation of the foundation stone and durability deterioration. These result in settlement. In the gagu section, there is a difference in durability which depends on the deterioration rate between old members and new members. There also is torsion caused by drying shrinkage of new members, and an imbalanced load impact of the roof. In the roof section, there are water leaks due to deterioration of roofing tiles, the eaves protrusion, and the difference in slopes between the front side and the rear side of the roof depending on its structure.

In this study, I want to provide clues to the future architecture by examining the conceptual characteristics of the unstructured contemporary architecture through the fractal geometry of the concept of complexity among the theories used for the generation of unstructured forms, and by extracting the principles of expression and the elements of expression and presenting the expressive aspects of the unstructured contemporary architecture. Therefore, I would like to select five representative architects among the contemporary architects who exhibit the characteristics of unstructured architecture, and select from their works that represent an important paradigm of contemporary architectural design to analyze the expressive characteristics of architectural works that have the form of unstructured forms through the expression principle of fractal geometry. In an attempt to establish a new physical relationship between technology and the natural environment, unstructured contemporary architecture by modern advanced digital media, utilizing fractal geometry as a creative shaping language and design principle, is creating a variety of non-Euclidean design formats.

Tourism accommodation facilities are vulnerable to safety accidents due to the dynamic psychological state of tourists and safety indifference of the accommodation facilities. The purpose of this study is to find out how safety accidents in tourism accommodation facilities are related to its leading factors and to propose effective safety standards for tourism accommodation facilities according to these factors. For this study, a relationship model, subjected to accident degree, accident type and the location of the accident in a tourism accommodation facility since 2008 to 2018, was constructed for analysis. First, the cross-analysis of accident types and accident factors show that accidents from fire and falling occurred mainly in the case of architectural facility factors, and only fire accidents were reported in the case of administrative factors. On the other hand, personal factors were correlated with a high rate of falling accidents. Secondly, the cross-analysis of the accident location and accident factors show that the highest rate of falling accidents occurred on balconies due to personal factors. Fire accidents in rooms were due to administrative factors. Based on these results of the analysis, this study suggests that prevention measures of accidents in tourism accommodation facilities according to the accident factors including falling and fire accidents.

The Seoul city recommended that old apartments be preserved, and as part of that, it decided to preserve some of the buildings for Jamsil Jugong, which was built in 1977, and Gaepo Jugong, which was constructed in 1981. The purpose of this study was to compare and review newspaper articles with two perspectives positive and negative about how the social perception of 'apartment trace remaining' was being constructed. By looking at the meaning of keywords delivered by newspaper articles and the interaction structure between keywords through the analysis of semantic networks, we analyzed how the media is pursuing an issue on the topic of preservation of architectural cultural heritage. The analysis results confirmed that there was a clear difference between positive and negative newspaper. Positive articles dealt with utilization from the point of view of keywords linked to preservation, and negative articles showed that keywords related to the property and backlash of residents linked to the policy of the Seoul Metropolitan Government were linked, leading to high negative public opinion.

When manufacturing concrete, several mineral admixture is added to improve the basic physical property and durability and to make economical concrete. Such mineral admixture includes fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag, silica fume, etc., and not only the studies about mixing these mineral admixtures but also the studies for the development of new materials have been steadily in progress. Recently, some researchers have found, as a part of the development of new materials, the rice straw ash can also be used as a pozzolanic material for concrete considering similar chemical properties of rice straw ash to that of rice husk ash. But there has been insufficient amount of study about it. So, this study was to investigate the possibility as mineral admixture of agriculture by-product, by analyzing properties of concretes using rice straw ash with replacement ratio in comparison with other mineral admixture. In order to measure amount of SiO2 of rice straw ash, XRF(X-ray fluorescence) analysis was tested. For the measure pozzolanic reaction of rice straw ash, pH change and color change was tested according to curing day. Also to evaluate properties of concrete using rice straw ash, slump test, air contents test and compressive strength was tested.

In Korea during the enlightenment period, there have been very active changes in almost every field of the age, including politics, economy, society and culture, and these changes were no exception in the religious sector. In the case of Christianity which was introduced to Chosun, there were missionary activities focusing on areas that were essential to the people such as education and medical care advanced in the West, but Confucian philosophy and customs dominated the lives of most people in Chosun society. In particular, it has become imperative to secure a certain level of ethical and moral justification in order to effectively spread Christianity as an "equal and universal religion for all mankind" while minimizing the resistance of the existing social order from the Confucian philosophy and customs such as ‘Gender Discrimination’. The 'ㄱ' Form Church has a very unique external appearance of Christian architecture found only in Korea. The 'ㄱ' Form Church had various advantages, such as psychological comfort and ease of extension attributable to the Korean traditional architecture, elimination the limitations of sight and hearing in a sermon, and the natural separation of men and women set not only by Confucian traditional norms but also by the exact contents defined by Christianity. The purpose of this research is to study the characteristics and compositions of the worship space in the existing 'Keumsan' and 'Doodong' church, and to discover how those churches understood and adapted themselves to the various norms prescribed by Confucianism especially ‘Gender Discrimination’ in their architecture.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and modular construction are regarded as important technologies that could contribute to overcoming the crisis faced by the construction industry. However, BIM uptake in current modular construction projects is limited. Moreover, there are no specific guidelines to support decision-making regarding the application of BIM in modular construction projects. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the possibility for BIM uptake in each phase of modular construction projects in Korea. Initially, the literature detailing on BIM uptake cases in modular construction projects was reviewed. The detailed work and activities for each phase of a modular project were analyzed via a questionnaire targeting domestic modular experts, to derive items requiring improvement due to errors or changes occurring in the actual project. Ten realistic BIM uptake items were derived, reflecting the results of literature review and expert interviews. Then, the BIM uptake items in each phase were analyzed in terms of necessity and efficiency via a second questionnaire using five-point Likert scales. Finally, the BIM utilization index (BIM UI) of the BIM uptake items was suggested as a priority measure. As a result, the BIM UI of “3D coordination” (U2), “design authoring and reviews for off-site fabrication” (U3), and “detailed 3D modeling for off-site fabrication” (U4), were assigned the highest priority. The results of this study can be used as guidelines to support decision-making regarding the application of BIM in modular construction projects.

A gradual increase in the number of people with disabilities and the elderly in our everyday life has changed our perceptions toward them. The concept of barrier free space has been gradually incorporated into the social system and into our everyday life, and has further developed into the universal design concept so that creating an environment where all inhabitants of a city are able to enjoy the space of everyday life. Against this backdrop, this study has conducted research on how to improve the accessibility of major public spaces in Wonju, Chuncheon, and Gangneung, or major metropolitan cities of Gangwon Province. The research has been conducted under the assumption that the conditions of utilizing public spaces in those cities will not meet public expectations compared to private spaced despite being iconic cities of Gangwon Province. The field survey results show that the concept of barrier free space is reflected, to some extent, in planning and development although its role in terms of using such space is not up to expectations. In particular, the buildings and facilities built prior to the enforcement of relevant policies are found to leave much to be desired due to unsatisfactory development plans between architecture and urban public space, which necessitates improvement on relevant policies, sincere efforts of local governments, and practical guidelines that can be useful in the implementation stage. Above all, building owners and public administrations are advised to raise their awareness on the concept of universal design so that it is firmly rooted in our everyday life as one of the universal values. It should lead to the efforts of the members of local cities in providing the environment where people are able to enjoy these utilities from the perspective of promoting public welfare.

This paper examines the perspectives of the understanding relationship between society and architecture, based on the works and the references of Aldo Rossi and Rem Koolhaas. In particular, examines the problems of the images raised by them through the metaphor of the theater, and the similarities and differences in their views. The metaphor of the theater appeared in many aspects of Western culture and has been simulated the relationship between the stage, the performances and the audience in various ways. In addition, such a relationship can be a way of looking at the relationship between the building and the user and the image intervening. This paper traces their work through the metaphor of the theater and discusses that this could be another perspective of architecture and city.

The use of various digital tools makes freeform modeling possible. At the same time, with the development of structural and construction technologies, Free-Form Architecture are beginning to be implemented realized, as the desired data extraction such as the size and coordinate points of the members is possible. Currently, in many cities around the world, Irregular-Shaped High-rise Buildings, which express the dynamic symbolism, are recognized for their landmark values. In order to realize the Irregular-Shaped High-rise Buildings, it is necessary to understand various fields such as the characteristics of digital tools, digital technique logic, design process, and construction method. In particular, it is important to plan Irregular-Shaped High-rise Buildings so that the various types of efficiency can be reviewed together, while generating understanding and formations from the initial design stage. Therefore, this study uses conceptual and parametric design tools related to form generation in digital architecture to analyze the details, methods, and characteristics of the Irregular-Shaped High-rise Buildings form generation process. In this paper, the parametric design tool is applied to study the various types of design and the process characteristics that can be considered in the initial design stage of the unstructured skyscraper.

In contemporary architecture, the human perception is extended by the expressive characteristics of the exterior-envelope, and the society that contains the architectural space projects the historical, social, and cultural values through the exterior-envelope. Recently, in contemporary Korean architecture, many attempts have been made to implement brick exterior-envelopes as ‘boundary space’ and ‘transition space’ not as ‘boundary wall’ through the rediscovery of brick properties, new esthetic and emotional approach, the development of technology, and creative design solutions. The expressive characteristics of brick exterior-envelope used by contemporary Korean architects to create such transitional spaces include 'dematerialization', 'porosity', 'antigravity image', 'Overlapping', and 'free-form'. The purpose of this study is to analyze the tendency and reason for the increase of brick exterior-envelope in Korean contemporary architecture and to investigate and classify the expressive characteristics of brick exterior-envelope and to study the transition in space by brick exterior-envelope.