Earticle

This study examines the locations and surrounding environments of 20s~30s youth housing to determine whether they align with the needs of young residents. Unlike previous research, which emphasized the quantitative expansion of youth housing supply, this study takes a qualitative approach by assessing housing sites from the residents’ perspective. Using QGIS 3.22, the study identifies discrepancies between the locations of 20s~30s youth housing and the concentration of youth single-person households. The findings confirm that 20s~30s youth housing is more frequently located in commercial areas than in general residential zones. The study further categorizes 20s~30s youth safe housing by type and conducts an accessibility analysis and a resident survey across 16 case sites. The study’s results indicate that, in line with the original purpose of youth housing in station area, 20s~30s youth housing sites provide generally fair accessibility to public transportation. However, location preferences and desired facilities within walkable distance vary depending on age and marital status and whether residents have children. The selection of 20s~30s youth housing locations should take into account road conditions, infrastructure, and site-specific attributes, highlighting the necessity of youth housing policies that reflect the actual needs of young residents, rather than relying solely on supply-driven policies through new construction. This research is significant in that it examines the transition from youth housing in station area to 20s~30s youth housing in underdeveloped areas, thereby offering valuable insights and policy recommendations for the strategic selection of future youth housing locations.

건축은 구체적인 공간을 구축ㆍ생산하는 것이며, 인간은 건축의 공간 속에서 생활한다. 이것은 공간이 개별적인 의미로 존재하는 것이 아니라, 공간 상호간의 관계성에 주목하고 있음을 의미한다. 그러나 현대 건축에서 나타나는 공간은 그것이 지니고 있는 내재적인 의미 보다는 형식화된 이미지가 더욱 중요하게 작용하는 것이다. 이에 도시와 건축 공간은 추상화된 이미지들의 조합으로 이루어지게 되었으며, 푸코는 이러한 공간 구조를 극복하기 위한 이론적 방법론으로 헤테로토피아(Heterotopia)를 제안하였다. 헤테로토피아는 일상적으로 마주대하는 것과는 다르며, 그 다름이 심리적이거나 의미상의 차이가 아니라 실제의 구체적인 차이로 나타나는 공간을 뜻한다. 이러한 의미에서 본 연구는 공간을 생성하는 틀을 헤테로토피아의 특징으로 나타나는 경계(Boundary), 중첩(Overlap), 관계(Relationship)로 분류한다. 그리고 이를 통하여 나타나는 현상과 의미가 공간을 생성하는데 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 렘 쿨하스(R. Koolhass), 베르나르 츄미(B. Tschumi) 그리고 프랭크 게리(F. Gehay)의 작품을 헤테로토피아의 관점에서 분석하는 것으로 연구를 진행한다.

Architecture is to build and create a specific space and human lives daily life within the architectural space. The space, therefore, focuses on the mutual relationship between the spaces, rather than the space existed in individual meaning. However, the spaces shown in the comtemporary architecture poses more significant formatted image than its intrinsic meaning. Accordingly, the city and architectural spaces are formulated in a combination of abstract images and in order to overcome these spatial structure, Foucault proposed a Heterotopia as a theoretical approach. Heterotopia is different from facing the daily life and such difference is more closely linked to practical and specific difference, rather than it is for psychologically or semantically. From this perspective, this study is to classify the frame creating the space into boundary, overlap and relationship that are shown as the properties of Heterotopia. The phenomenon and meaning shown through the study and their applications in creating the space are to be analyzed from the perspectives of Heterotopia on works by R. Koolhass, B. Tschumi, and F. Gehay.

The purpose of this study is to develop a housing demand estimation model incorporating the concept of the de facto population, with a focus on Maengdong-myeon in Eumseong-gun. To achieve this, housing demand was estimated using three models—the traditional model, the district-based model, and the mobility-based model and the results were compared to identify the most suitable model for small and medium-sized local cities. The traditional model, based on the unit-rate method applied to industrial complexes, estimated a total demand of 7,302 housing units. However, this approach was found to be limited in its applicability to local urban contexts. The district-based model, which incorporates factors such as population trends, housing supply rates, industrial and regional development, land price fluctuations, and population mobility, estimated a demand of 3,831 units, reflecting the current conditions of local cities more accurately. Finally, the mobility-based model integrating the de facto population concept estimated demand at 4,292 units and was evaluated as the most appropriate model for areas experiencing population outflow and residential instability. The findings suggest that for local cities facing demographic decline, housing demand estimation should move beyond traditional approaches and instead incorporate the de facto population framework for greater accuracy and relevance.

The architecture of SANAA employs both literal and phenomenal transparency to segment building masses and facilitate communication with the surrounding environment. However, this strategy can be problematic in facilities such as residential buildings, where privacy is crucial. This study investigates how the contrasting goals of transparency and privacy protection are balanced in SANAA's residential buildings. Four houses designed by SANAA were analyzed using one-point Isovist analysis, focusing on the view of pedestrians passing by on surrounding streets. The analysis revealed common characteristics among the case houses. Each house was carefully arranged with multiple segmented units to maintain privacy in the rear spaces without requiring additional design interventions. These buildings emphasize transparency, resulting in their division into multiple units. As a result, it becomes easier to block views into rear spaces. Subsequently, the case houses can be categorized into three main strategies for privacy protection. First, the Moriyama House and the Okurayama Apartments minimized exposure to the outside by carefully adjusting window placement. Second, the Seijo Townhouses adopted a programmatic approach by designating the exposed front area of the first floor primarily for guest rooms. Third, the Shakujii Apartments implemented a new strategy in which all spaces were initially designed to be obscured by curtains, with transparency occurring only when they were opened. These findings indicate that SANAA’s buildings are not merely shaped by aesthetic considerations but are instead the outcome of a deliberate effort to balance transparency with the practical need for privacy. This also provides a critical reflection on the increasingly closed nature of contemporary urban residential buildings.

The Yeongdo District of Busan is facing a severe population decline, accompanied by a significant number of vacant buildings. Population and buildings are key elements of spatial utilization. Identifying and studying declining spaces is crucial for exploring their regeneration and transformation strategies. This paper, based on 100m × 100m grid population and building data from Yeongdo District collected between 2014 and 2024, analyzes the spatial changes in detail and categorizes them into five types: Growth, Cluster, Renewal, Decline, and Stable. The results indicate that spatial decline is intensifying in Yeongdo District. Specifically, the proportion of growth and cluster spaces has significantly decreased, while the proportion of decline spaces has increased substantially. Meanwhile, stable spaces occupy a high proportion, raising concerns about their potential transition into decline spaces. This paper also examines the characteristics, causes, and development strategies for each space type. The study suggests that, in the context of urban shrinkage, blind pursuit of population growth should be avoided. Instead, the challenges posed by population decline should be addressed through spatial optimization, improving social sustainability, and enhancing residents' quality of life to promote the region's sustainable development.

Samcheok City has historically undertaken the critical role to represent the Youngdong area in Gangwon-do, but through the modern and contemporary history, the spatial territory has been declined and the social role thereof has gradually been reduced. In particular, during the Japanese colonial period, the local community has been developed as a central part of the cement industry, but following the shift in the industrial structure, the role has been dwindled gradually and has sought for the change into an alternative industry. This study has sought the urban changes in the area from the morphologic aspect through the modern and contemporary history with the focus on the areas forming the downtown of Samcheok City. The modern and contemporary history of Samcheok City has classified into the first term from 1910 to 1956, the second term from 1957 to 1981 and the third term from 1982 to the present time. The standard of such classification is based on cultural, social and environmental changes in the area. As for the characteristics of the first term, it was from the development around the Jeollajin area that had the critical role of the subject area and completion of Onoda Samcheok Plant to be acquired by Tongyang Cement, and thereafter, the history of Korea's cement industry has begun. Thereafter, the geographical change of Samcheok City was encountered in the second term. Through the Namsan cutting business, the current Samcheok downtown site was secured, and because of this, the central area of Samcheok administration was changed into the current Namyoung-dong area. And, in early 1980s, it was encountered with the process of change in the third period to face the externally expanding period. The university street (Daehak-ro) was established in the downtown, and for supplying the insufficient housing site, a large-scale housing development project was undertaken mainly around the Gyo-dong area. Such a geographical and morphologic change of the Samcheok area has changed and advanced along with the changing process of history in the area to the present status. Samcheok City that has undertaken the central site for the industry in the modern and contemporary history has strived to today's status along with the changes in the industrial structure and advancement of the city, and such a development trend has influenced on the establishment environment of the region to teach to the present situation.

As the demand for high-rise buildings increased, the standardized box shape was converted into a new trend of atypical shape. In this study, 50 cases of atypical skyscrapers with a scale of 200m or more were selected as research subjects in order to explore the design trends of future atypical skyscrapers through various cases of atypical skyscrapers constructed around the world. In addition, the application status of the structural system according to the atypical form of the high-rise building was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, atypical forms of current high-rise buildings appeared to have the highest frequency of application in the order of Taper, Curve, Twist, Free-Shape, and Folding elements. In addition, as a result of analyzing the application frequency of the structural system, it was found that the Outrigger Frame, Shear Walled Frame, and Diagrid Frame systems were applied in the order. As a result of the study, it is judged that it will be possible to identify the tendency of structural systems with relatively high application frequency from atypical facade design elements.

This study conducted a comparative analysis of urban regeneration projects in Busan Dong-gu and London Docklands to explore strategies for improving the effectiveness of sustainable urban regeneration. Both regions experienced urban decline due to the deterioration of port functions but pursued different approaches to regeneration projects. The research methodology employed comparative case analysis through literature review and case studies, focusing on project background and overview, implementation systems and governance, major project contents, and achievements and limitations. The analysis revealed that Busan Dong-gu achieved success in preserving regional identity and expanding resident participation through a public-led gradual improvement approach, but showed limitations in securing economic sustainability. In contrast, London Docklands achieved overwhelming economic success through a market-centered large-scale development approach, creating 85,000 jobs and attracting 2,700 companies, but faced issues of gentrification and social exclusion. This study confirmed that the approach and implementation system of urban regeneration have a decisive impact on project outcomes and sustainability. Based on these findings, five policy implications were derived: the necessity of region-specific approaches, strengthening the professionalism of implementation systems, activating private participation, preventing gentrification, and establishing long-term performance evaluation systems.

Utilizing closed schools, which are increasing in number due to population decline, is highly important. However, research on the factors influencing the re-utilizing of these sites remains insufficient. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the utilizing of closed school sites. The research focuses on closed school sites in small and medium sized cities outside the Seoul metropolitan area that closed within the past ten years. The analysis employs a binary logistic regression model, with utilization of closed school site as the dependent variable and location characteristics and site characteristics as the main independent variables. The findings are summarized as follows: First, high accessibility to metropolitan or urban areas increases the likelihood of closed school sites utilization. Second, the potential to secure regional demand also boosts the likelihood of closed school sites utilization. Third, The ease of utilizing the land and buildings increases the likelihood of closed school sites utilization. Fourth, the longer the time elapsed since the school closure, the higher the likelihood of the site’s utilization.

This study investigates the visual sequences that emerge in the continuous spaces of Louis Kahn’s residential designs. Isovist analysis was applied to eight of Kahn's houses, spanning his early to late career, to investigate spatial continuity. Key areas examined included entrances, living rooms, dining rooms, and shared spaces, which were interconnected. The analysis identifies vantage points and explores how Kahn’s architectural principles shape the visual and experiential qualities of these spaces. The findings reveal four critical aspects of Kahn’s design approach. First, while Kahn’s architecture is rooted in the notion of individual rooms, the interconnectedness of these spaces introduces sequential visual transitions. Second, the highest Isovist values consistently occur at critical nodal points, such as intersections, where path choices and spatial navigation are most intuitive. Third, in some cases, high Isovist values were found in spaces designed for occupancy rather than circulation. Lastly, these spatial features are amplified by visual expansion towards exterior views or vertical dimensions. The findings demonstrate that Kahn’s spatial characteristics reflect his architectural philosophy in three distinct ways. To begin with, the emphasis on path choices highlights his concept of ‘availability,’ encouraging a sense of freedom within the space. Moreover, the continuity of rooms underscores the ‘society of rooms,’ fostering both functional and collective experiences. Finally, the sequential relationship between servant and served spaces not only enhances their functional roles but also deepens the spatial perception.