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The different problems that appear into the cities have come from different reasons. Especially in the last 50 years, the rapid urbanization and modernization in South Korea has mass-produced various social problems, and that generates social conflicts and social problems also. The communication problems between communities and internal and external environmental problems have isolated the society. However, various attempts are currently being made by local governments to solve these problems. we recognize the identities of existing living and creates policies through community making projects and regeneration projects. Regeneration project of the Dalsung-Tosung village is kept developing with the local residents and local government. This study analyze residential satisfaction between Dalsung-Tosung village and nearby village using P.O.E. After all, we will try to show the direction in which the regeneration project will proceed in the future by comparing and analyzing the satisfaction with Dalsung-Tosung village and nearby village.

When manufacturing concrete, several mineral admixture is added to improve the basic physical property and durability and to make economical concrete. Such mineral admixture includes granulated blast furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume, etc., and not only the studies about mixing these mineral admixtures but also the studies for the development of new materials have been steadily in progress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of concrete durability using rice straw ash. It is used for chloride diffusion coefficient from rapid chloride penetration test and depth of Co2 penetration from rapid carbonation test that was used for the evaluation of latent durability. According to the experimentation result, when replacement ratio of rice straw ash e was increased from 0% to 10%, it was observed that compressive strength of concrete containing rice straw ash was a similar durability of concrete containing silica fume. And durability performance of concrete containing rice straw ash 10% show a excellent compared to concretes containing granulated blast furnace slag 30 % or fly ash 20 %.

Most of the domestic apartment are reinforced concrete shear wall structures that high stiffness and low ductility, so most of the damping system that apply slit dampers to lintel beams are applied. The slit damper has a damping effect in a single direction, and the energy dissipation capacity due to flexural deformation is somewhat inferior. In this study, In order to complement the existing slit damper, a slit damper combined with a steel cable was proposed, and the seismic performance was analyzed and damping effect was verified through structural performance experiments. As a result of the incremental loading test, the strength, energy dissipation, and equivalent damping ratio of the cable-slit damper specimen increased compared to the steel cable damper specimens. And specimen applied in the shear-direction showed higher damping performance than specimen applied in the roll-direction, but the roll direction also showed similar damping performance to the shear direction. The proposed lintel-type cable-slit damper has increased ductility compared to the cable damper, and the damping performance increased in the out-of-plane direction compared to the conventional lintel-type slit damper according to the roll direction damping effect of the cable damper.

The design of construction work is different regardless of the scale, and the construction period and cost are also changed according to the work environment of the site. Therefore, communication between the owner and construction officials is becoming more important for decision making according to the situation. If the construction project information can be shared in real time, the transparency of the project as well as the overall productivity can be improved. This study developed a mobile-based construction project management support system through domestic and international patent analysis for construction project management. In order to develop the support system, laws and regulations related to construction project management and the performance of construction project management of small-scale construction projects were reviewed. The development direction of the system was presented through analysis of the system developed to support construction project management and patent analysis. For convenient communication between the owner and construction officials, it was implemented as a smartphone app and applied to a small-scale building project to verify the validity.

The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of impregnation of alkali activator on the strength enhancement of hardened high volume fly ash mortar. Sodium hydroxide (12 mol) is adopted for alkali activator of hardened mortar in this study. Four different contents of fly ash(FA) are chosen ranged from 30~90 % by cement weight. Alkali activator was applied on the surface of hardened specimen at 3 days. Curing temperatures ranged from 40~80℃ are varied. Mortars with 40 % of Water to binder ratio were fabricated. Test results indicated that the specimen impregnated with sodium hydroxide subjected to high curing temperature exhibited higher strength enhancement than that without sodium hydroxide by as much as 100~300 % due to accelerated pozzolanic reaction by sodium hydroxide. For the curing temperature effect, water curing at 40℃ of the specimen with 60 % of FA for 24 hours resulted in an highest enhancement of the strength regardless of age among other conditions, while the specimen with 90% of FA showed remarkable increase of strength at 60℃ of the curing temperature.

As basalt is used widely in construction area as architectural materials, the amount of basalts sludge is increasing rapidly. Basalt sludge is being treated with an industrial waste, so an economical and environmental problems occurs. The suitable mixture ratio to manufacture the dry mortar which changed the part of the fine aggregate to a basalt sludge in a cement mortar was derived. Physical performance, anion radiometric quantity, far-infrared radiation radiometric quantity and heatconductivity were measured and the performance as the functional finishing material was estimated. Based on the results of previous studies, the mixing ratio of basalt stone powder sludge was further subdivided from 0 to 20%, and the mixing ratio was applied in units of 10% for basalt stone powder sludge replacement rate of 20% or more. The replacement rate of basaltic stone sludge was changed to 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 21%, 30%, and 40%, and the changes of far-infrared emission energy, anion emission and thermal conductivity were analyzed. The result is that 1) the far-infrared emissivity of mortar using basalt stone sludge showed 0.933 higher than existing mortar. This result shows far-infrared emissivity better than other functional finishes. 2) The anion radiation did not show a consistent trend according to the replacement rate of basal rock powder, but showed an increase of 5% to 12% compared to general cement mortar. 3) If the basalt stone sludge was replaced by approximately 21%, the physical properties were increased compared with the general cement mortar, and the far-infrared emissivity and anion radiation as functional mortar were improved.

This study was conducted to identify the structural performance of the opening in a location close to the support point in the perforated beam system of steel beams. In addition, structural performance was determined through experiments on reinforced openings using steel plates and square steel tube. In steel simple beams, the openings were more appropriate than the height(d) of the steel beam to be located close to the support point, half the height(d/2) of the steel beam. The reinforcement volume efficiency ratio is a comparison of reinforced load ratio and Reinforced volume ratio, this is an indicator that considers structural performance with an economic efficiency. The reinforcement volume efficiency ratio of square steel tube was greater than that of steel plate. Consequently, considering the economic feasibility along with the reinforcement performance, square steel is judged to be a more suitable reinforcement form for reinforcement of H-Shaped Steel Simple Beams with Web Openings than steel plates.

These days, the brand's image leads to product purchase rather than objective evaluation of the product itself, in many cases acting as a decisive factor. To this end, fashion brands have appointed a new creative director to reinterpret and develop existing fashion houses to build a new brand image. The importance of the fashion retail space is emphasized more than ever because it is a place where the creative director's competence is clearly revealed, showing the value and image of the brand to be aimed for, and the strategic expression for differentiation from other brands. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in the retail space design of fashion according to the appointment of creative directors, and to analyze how architects interpreted, expressed and applied the creative director's design features, strategies, and images to be constructed. To this end, Balenciaga, Gucci, and Saint Laurent were selected to examine the changes in retail space design following the appointment of specific creative directors. Based on this study, Céline was chosen as the result of the actual implemented design, and the close connection between creative director Phoebe Philo and retail space design was examined in depth.

This study analyzed the school facility complexization project by utilizing IPA. Beyond the limitations of existing research, analyses were performed in terms of environmental, service, education and community contributions. In addition, it was verified whether the differences in recognition varied depending on the characteristics of the project site. According to the analysis, factors related to the building environment such as separation of school buildings and community facilities, separation of entrances and safety measures for students were important areas. For the program, indoor swimming pools and fitness centers were preferred. In particular, the satisfaction level of the facility environment, as well as the level of accessibility, hours of use, and program instructors, were also important. In the case of a school facility complex project, there are many related laws and regulations, and it is not easy to carry out the project due to sharp conflicts between various stakeholders. This suggests that maintenance and management are also important in difficult projects. Since continuous improvement of educational services and development of programs have a significant impact on stable maintenance of facilities, active response is needed. A separate analysis of the regions indicated a higher need for facilities in the declining areas. We could see that they were not only looking forward to playing a role as a sports and cultural facility, but also as a hub of the local community. The benefits also have significant implications for the living SOC project or the urban regeneration New Deal project, which the government is currently pushing for as a focal project. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the school facility complex project, which has been dealt with in administrative and legal aspects, from a user's perspective and a local perspective.

In the early 20th century, many architects presented new architectural styles in order to show freedom of architecture through independent frames of reinforced concrete, and since then, creative innovation has been emphasized in the same context until today. One of the leading figures who spearheaded such trends at the time was Le Corbusier. This study quoted and examined sequentially the overall arguments of Le Corbusier who debated with Auguste Perret on windows. By examining the process of his overall arguments and the basis for each of them, the interpretation of architectural vision is the primary purpose, and the provision of an opportunity to review the fundamental meaning of windows in contemporary architecture is the ultimate purpose of this study. The results of this study revealed that windows were the new tool of the time to him, which should liberate human beings, beyond just the device to provide light, wind and views required for life. In particular, to him, horizontal windows were the tool to realize anthropocentrism as well as the factor to determine architecture. Meanwhile, he pointed out the issue of following customs that could not accept the change in architecture including windows, and this is still a significant current issue to us. Finally, it is hoped that this study can provide an opportunity of contemplating over how to realize in our time Le Corbusier's belief that puts human beings first in architecture.

Maekawa Kunio was one of the masters representing architecture of the 20th century. In the architecture competition of Imperial Museum Tokyo, he submitted a plan for a flat roof to resist the nationalist architecture and criticized "pseudo-Japanese architecture" of those days based on his faith in modernism architecture. Following the competition for Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere Memorial Hall in which Tange Kenzo won the first prize in 1942, however, he proclaimed his conversion by calling the Asia-Pacific War "holy war to change the world history." In the competition for Japan Cultural Center in Bangkok in 1943, he also used the traditional Japanese architectural style and submitted a plan for an inclined roof. He made an even clearer declaration of his conversion by publishing Memorandum in December, 1942. By borrowing the logic of "Overcoming Modernity" from the Kyoto School that offered theoretical supports to the Asia-Pacific War, he insisted on "national architecture in the world history" and maintained that the government's "cultural control" should be needed even in the areas of individual studies, arts, and religion. It is fascism and war ideology, and no one can deny this self-evident fact.

As climate change and environmental destruction are becoming more serious globally, many countries have established and implemented green building certification systems to create an sustainable and environment-friendly urban space. There are LEED in the U.S., GBTool in Canada, BREEAM in the U.K., and CASBEE in Japan, and the Green Building Certification System has been established in Korea since 2000, which has been renamed as G-SEED(Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design). Green building certification systems are concentrated on individual buildings for the most countries, and certification in urban design levels or similar actions are at just beginning stage globally. In this study, the certified cases by LEED-ND(Neighborhood Development), first introduced in 2009 in the US as a pilot program, are examined to find out green characteristics of different countries by comparing certified cases in China and US which were evaluated under the same certification criteria. The results showed both countries have similar trends for the most part, however there were some issues that was affected from social and cultural differences. The findings from the this study will contribute to identify global trends on sustainable strategies for urban design and neighborhood development projects.

The main purpose of this study is to suggest a plan to revitalize pedestrian spaces in the original downtown of Gumi City. Based on analysis results of the pedestrian street system in the original downtown of Gumi City, we suggested a plan for revitalizing pedestrian spaces. By using 'Space Syntax', a quantitative research method, an axial map of the pedestrian street system was created to analyze integration and choice value. Considering the fact that the urban regeneration project in the original city center of Gumi is in progress, a plan for revitalizing pedestrian spaces was discussed based on the actual plan of the urban regeneration project. Effects of urban regeneration projects were predicted and methods to increase the accessability and the probability of passing pedestrian streets were proposed. This study is significant in that it suggests methods to revitalize pedestrian spaces based on the understanding of urban spatial structure. Also, results of this study can be used as basic data for urban regeneration projects.

In case 3D printing is used, even informal architecture model can be manufactured repeatedly with dimension accuracy. In this study, 3 architectural models with various design elements were manufactured by 5 types of well-used 3D printing processes and the manufacturing speed and cost were compared. The manufacturing speed was found that the MJF process in which powder is combined with agents and then hardened by infrared heat, was the fastest, and the FDM process in which the material is scanned with a mechanical linear motor was about 7 times slower than the MJF method. The SLA, FDM, and PJP processes require manufacturing cost in proportion to the number of manufactured models on a platform, whereas the SLS and MJF processes increase the cost when the number of manufactured parts on a platform is small. The total manufacturing cost of the FDM process, which has low material cost, was the lowest, and the SLS process was the highest for one model and the PJP process was the highest for multiple models on a platform. These results give architect the basic guideline to select the most effective 3D printing process when making architectural design models.

The maximum acceleration of tall building leading to discomfort may occur in the direction perpendicular to the wind(across-wind direction). In this paper, the wind acceleration responses of a 60-story tall building with diagrid structural system are analysed. The along-wind and across-wind accelerations are evaluated according to KBC 2016 nd NBCC 2010. For this worked diagrid system the lateral deflection is satisfied by H/500, drift criteria. But the across-wind accelerations exceed the occupancy comfort acceleration criteria. The diagrid system buildings with high slenderness ratio can be prone to cause discomfort to their occupants, therefore should be applied limitedly in region of strong winds.

The purpose of this study was to find the local spaces vulnerable to the spread of infectious disease with user's daily movement at a complex terminal and to suggest architectural planning detections for disease prevention. The exploration of vulnerable spaces to disease spread is necessary for effectively using the limited resources preventing epidemics. This study focused on the different types of user movement, composed of one with a starting point and an endpoint and the other as free movement. Walking speed as per age, pedestrian number, space exposed to contamination, and possibility of disease spread were applied to simulation of this study. The analysis result showed that corridors in front of ticketing desks, waiting rooms of bus terminal, and the escalators, stairs and elevators building core located at the central area of shopping mall were vulnerable to disease spread. This study also considered walking velocity as per user's age, commuting time, and floating population to analyze the possibility of disease spread via user movement. The movement simulation showed the specific spaces vulnerable to disease spread at a complex terminal and their locational differences as per the type of user movement. The study result led to suggesting architectural planning directions for the specific spaces vulnerable to disease spread.

Solar panels installed on the ground receive wind load. A wind experiment was conducted to evaluate the wind force coefficient acting on a single solar panel and on solar panels arranged in an array. Surface roughness did not have a significant effect on the change in vertical force, which is the wind force coefficient acting on the vertical surface of the single solar panel. An examination of the change in wind direction angle showed that the largest vertical force coefficient was distributed in the 0° forward wind direction based on the front of the solar panel, the 345° reverse wind direction based on the rear side, and the 135° and 225° diagonal directions based on the rear panel. Furthermore, an examination of the change in wind force coefficient according to the change in solar panel inclination angle (β) showed that the drag coefficient was the highest at the 40° inclination angle of the panel (β), followed by the 30° and 20° inclination angles. However, the lift coefficient and vertical force coefficient were not significantly affected by the inclination angle of the panel. The wind force coefficient of the panels arranged in an array was influenced by the wind direction angle and the panel position. With the exclusion of the nearest row a at the wind direction angle of 0°, all the panels in the array showed lower coefficients than that of the single panel experiment. In the case of the panels placed inside, the wind speed was decreased by the surrounding panels, and as a result, the wind force coefficient was lower than that of the single panel experiment. This outcome is attributed to the small delamination at the end of the panels by the surrounding array of panels compared to that of the single panel experiment.