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The subject of this paper is to examine the influence of Journey to the East on Le Corbusier’s architectural ideas, focusing on the "Five Points of New Architecture." The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth perspective on the interpretation of modern architecture by understanding one of the fundamental origins of the Five Points theory. The research method and structure are as follows. Chapter 2 outlines the journey, and Chapter 3 extracts all architectural experiences through the analysis of 『Le Voyage d’Orient』. These experiences are then reclassified by meaning, and final categories are selected. In Chapter 4, these categories are compared with the Five Points. The study finds that the experiences of the journey can be classified into three categories: form, structure, and openings, which correlate with the Five Points in the following ways. First, observations of wooden structures relate to the concept of independent structural frames. Second, the study of overhanging building types and the columns of the Acropolis temples relate to the idea of pilotis. Third, observations of traditional house windows connect to the concepts of horizontal windows and glass walls. Lastly, the perception of geometric forms harmonized with sunlight is closely related to the purist tendencies in 1920s –30s works. Ultimately, this re-examining the Journey to the East identified the perception of that time regarding architectural freedom, which serves as the foundation of the Five Points theory.

Characteristics in the modern and contemporary periods involving drastic changes and developments played an important role in shaping the features of small and medium-sized cities today. Specifically, the modern and contemporary developmental history of small and medium-sized cities may be understood in each temporal range from the 1900s to the present day including the period of Japanese colonial rule. This study explores the influence of social, environmental, political and economic factors across these periods alongside the patterns of changes in terms of urban form transformations. Additionally, this study comprehensively examines the modern and contemporary developmental history of Yangyang in a city architecture perspective through various research methodologies such as spatial information analysis using GIS programs, in-situ surveys, and information gathering from local residents. The sources of data included original drawings, cadastral maps, photos that illustrate period-specific characteristics. To categorize periods in the modern and contemporary developmental history, this study applies methodologies based on the theory of spatial politics, which enables flexible analysis of the contemporary society. With the modern and contemporary history divided into three periods, characteristics and significances of each period are analyzed. The findings of this study are as below: In the first period, remnants of the old fortress town located at the center of the urban district still play a central role in the current urban structure. Such traces have resulted in physical environmental changes in the original downtown area. In the second period, the urban structure progressively developed a shape, following the first period. Structures showing local significances were replaced by new ones. In the third period, low-rise architectural typologies dominated the original downtown of Yangyang, and the development of multi-unit houses continued over the outskirt of the original downtown. In the process of historical development, distinctive characteristics of structural environments were identified in each period. For instance, certain structural environments of historical significance such as streets, plots, and architectural features were prominently observed within the original downtown area. The future study will examine the documentation, preservation, and utilization of various structural environments in Yangyang, which is expected to be a basis for the research on the city's growth potentials as a tourist destination in the future.

This study aims to improve the environmental performance of high-rise residential buildings by developing floor layouts that optimize natural lighting, ventilation, and privacy. Analyzing existing high-rise mixed-use buildings, it proposes 8-unit and 10-unit layouts incorporating eco-friendly design elements. The 8-unit layout maximizes natural light with a three-sided open structure and voids, while cross-ventilation, perpendicular openings, and inter-unit angles of at least 120 degrees improve ventilation and privacy. The 10-unit layout, for 149.76㎡ and 194.04㎡ units, prioritizes cross-ventilation, openness, and southern orientation, offering significant advantages over conventional designs. Environmental performance analysis showed improvements, with higher scores in orientation and increased spatial openness. Ventilation was notably enhanced, surpassing existing standards. A key innovation is the fully three-sided open unit layout, achieved by incorporating a vertical void to increase exposure. A 120-degree inter-unit angle minimized visual interference and maximized sunlight, improving privacy and environmental performance. Comparative analysis showed a 176% improvement in the 10-unit layout and a 145% improvement in the 8-unit layout. These findings provide a foundation for sustainable high-rise design and could influence future eco-friendly standards.

The international community's interest in how to reduce carbon emissions is increasing. In the construction field, in order to reduce carbon emissions in the initial design stage, the 'Environmental Performance Display Certification' system, which regulates building materials, is introduced and defined as an item of 'Green Building Certification', to induce eco-friendly construction. In addition, the use of BIM technology for digitalization in the construction field is recommended. However, since the current green building certification system evaluates based on 2D data, it is necessary to automate the evaluation process of green building certification. Therefore, this study was conducted to automate the green building certification evaluation process using BIM data and improve the problems of the existing method. In particular, the methodology for automatically evaluating items related to eco-friendly building materials was studied. A method for analyzing the calculation criteria of evaluation items and automatically extracting necessary data from the BIM model and automatically reviewing them was presented. In this process, the list of certified products was linked with the system through OpenAPI to develop a program capable of automated evaluation and verify it through an analysis model. The accuracy of the program evaluation results was analyzed by inputting recently updated low carbon certification product data into the main members. Through the program, it is possible to produce results more accurately and faster than the existing method.

This study aims to analyze the management status, including repair and utilization of 24 railway station buildings registered as National Registered Cultural Heritage in South Korea and to examine their key characteristics, and, based on the results, consider management strategies for railway station buildings. These railway stations played a crucial role in Korea’s modernization and possess historical, architectural, socioeconomic, and cultural significance beyond their function as transportation facilities. Accordingly, this study investigated the management status of railway station buildings including repair and utilization through literature review and data analysis. The repair status was analyzed by categorizing it into roofs, walls, and windows, and the analysis revealed a tendency to preserve the original form during post-registration repairs. In addition, the analysis of utilization status showed that while some railway stations are used for various purposes, there are cases where stations remain unused despite having been repaired.

This study examines the effectiveness of nighttime passive cooling strategies in residential buildings located in warm climate zones, with a specific focus on integrating Phase Change Materials (PCM) with natural ventilation. The research conducts an empirical analysis of PCM's thermal performance during nighttime cooling and evaluates different specific heat calculation methods for PCM, determining that the heat balance equation method which is proposed previously provides the most accurate results with error margins below 0.5°C compared to measured data. The research utilized field measurements in a wooden single-story building in Kumagaya, Japan, analyzing PCM cold storage performance during nighttime ventilation over different seasonal periods. Results indicate that PCM's cooling capacity varies significantly with weather conditions, showing optimal performance during moderate temperature months (May) compared to warmer months (June, September). The study also demonstrates that building orientation significantly impacts cooling efficiency, with west-facing rooms or east-facing rooms shaded from morning solar radiation exhibiting superior performance in maintaining cooler indoor temperatures. The findings suggest that while PCM combined with nighttime ventilation shows promising potential for reducing cooling energy demand in temperate climates, optimal results are achieved when this passive cooling strategy is integrated with complementary passive design approaches or mechanical systems rather than implemented as a standalone solution. Future research should focus on determining optimal phase change temperature ranges for specific climate conditions and exploring hybrid passive-active cooling systems that maximize PCM's thermal storage capabilities.

The accessibility of green space is an important factor affecting urban ecological resilience. Improving the accessibility of green space and optimizing its layout can effectively enhance urban ecological resilience. Taking Busan as an example, this paper uses Gaussian Two-step floating catchment area method (Ga2SFCA) to evaluate green space accessibility. The Getis-Ord   method is used to identify significant hot spots and cold spots of green space accessibility, conduct hot spot analysis, and analyze its spatial agglomeration characteristics. The results show that the overall green space accessibility shows a basic trend of decreasing from both sides to the middle. There are significant differences in accessibility between different administrative regions, and the spatial distribution of green space resources is uneven. There is an imbalance between population density and green space supply and demand. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of green space accessibility are significant and clearly layered. This paper can accurately identify resource shortage or surplus areas in the city and areas that need priority improvement by comprehensively analyzing accessibility, hot and cold spots, and population density, providing strong support for balancing the supply and demand of green space resources and improving the quality of urban ecological resilience.

This study aims to statistically analyze the scores obtained for each assessment criteria in non-residential buildings certified under the G-SEED(Green Building Certification system). By quantitatively examining preferred criteria, score distributions, and applied technologies in green building design, the study seeks to identify current issues and propose directions for improving and utilizing the certification system. The results reveal clear differences between actively adopted and underutilized assessment criterias. Items with low design application rates were identified as needing improvement, while others showed overlapping content, indicating the need for structural adjustment. These findings are expected to enhance awareness of green architecture and serve as empirical evidence for future improvements to the G-SEED assessment criterias.

Urban housing has various demands for housing types due to changes in population composition and social perception. Among the housing use classification in Korea, In the case of multi-unit housing, it is a housing use and type that emerged in the process of legalizing illegal rental structures of single-family houses in order to solve the housing shortage problem. As such, multi-unit housing has been institutionalized through the relaxation and adjustment of construction standards, and the legal basis for the housing type system is insufficient, and it has not been able to actively cope with recent housing type changes and architectural and urban contexts. Currently, the purpose of housing use classification system in Korea is causing confusion and problems due to the uncertainty of the definition of purpose in the legal regulations and differences caused by inconsistencies between laws. The housing use classification system also has limitations in the clarity of the regulations themselves and in the linkage with the Urban Planning Act, Building Act, and individual laws. This study examines Korean and overseas legal regulations and compares and analyzes domestic and foreign housing use classification systems to find out the appropriateness and problems of the housing use classification system of multi-unit houses in Korea as basic elements of housing types and urban planning according to changes in the times, and uses it as basic data for improving the housing use classification system.

This study investigates the potential and limitations of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into architectural design education. Based on studio experiments from 2024 and 2025, AI tools were applied at each design stage in a collective housing project. Student perceptions were analyzed through mixed methods. Findings show that AI supported efficiency in early design phases but revealed limitations in conceptual development, creativity, and expressive representation. Students often needed to reinterpret or reconstruct AI outputs to align with design intentions. AI-generated results often lacked conceptual depth, prompting students to revise them to meet design goals and educational intent. These findings highlight the need to develop educational strategies that help students critically engage with AI-generated content and creatively build upon it within design learning environments.

With the recent introduction of the high school credit system in Korea, the educational paradigm is shifting toward student-centered, autonomous, and collaborative learning. This shift requires a reconfiguration of school spaces to support flexibility and multifunctionality. This study analyzes the case of “Home Base” spaces implemented at Yeongsaeng High School in Jeonju, Korea, as part of a school space innovation initiative. Using a combination of architectural drawing analysis, spatial-functional interpretation (categorized into functional, psychological, and relational dimensions), student surveys, and case comparisons, the study investigates how home base spaces vary by grade level. The findings reveal that each home base was designed to support different developmental needs, such as social adaptation, collaborative exploration, and academic immersion. Students preferred informal and autonomous spaces, and home base spaces effectively reflected these needs in their spatial configurations. The study concludes that home base spaces function as a core platform for relational learning and community building, beyond serving as auxiliary learning zones. The study proposes that future school design should adopt customized spatial strategies based on school type and curriculum, emphasizing participatory design involving students and teachers. This study contributes to expanding the discourse on educational space planning by providing empirical insights into user-centered learning environments.

The remodeling project type was categorized and the preferred residential characteristics for each type were analyzed to investigate the relationship between the important factors of the residential environment according to the preferred business type of the remodeling project by the residents of old apartment houses.It was confirmed that important factors of the residential environment appeared in various ways according to the preferred business type when remodeling old apartment houses. Housing environmental factors for noise, parking, and safety were found to be important factors in common in all groups. However, there were differences in important factors reflecting the characteristics of groups by residential value, and there were also large differences in demand between groups. Groups that prefer to expand their dedicated areas tend to value safety factors as residential functions. The group that prefers to increase the number of households values the quality of the building as well as the economics of parking space and management costs, and this group values ease of management and building quality more than the size of the residential space.Groups that want to increase the dedicated area and increase the number of households are interested in comprehensive improvements in parking spaces, insulation performance, crime prevention and security systems. Groups that prefer generational separation were found to value intergenerational noise, insulation performance, asset value, and building robustness. The group that wants to maintain the status quo values security systems, seismic performance, and parking space, focusing on improving basic residential quality, and especially prioritizing noise problems and safety.