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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of the domestic green building certification system and to derive an improvement plan for the certification standard for recertification. Environmental problems for ill-advised industrialization have emerged as an international issue, and interest in environmentally friendly buildings and the need for a green building certification system as an alternative to this are increasing. In consideration of the environment, the number of new building certifications under the building certification system is continuously increasing. Buildings require continuous management as they consume more energy during the aging process than initially planned. However, at present, the domestic green building certification system has a limit to prepare a maintenance / recertification system mainly for new construction. Therefore, in this research, we analyze the direction of research on the domestic green building certification system (G-SEED), and present improvement plans for the domestic certification system through evaluation of foreign maintenance and comparative analysis of the recertification system. try to.

The risk of decline and extinction of minor cities in the province is surging today, and the effort is being constantly made to obtain sustainability through local characterization. Particularly, in the provincial cities where universities are located, it is getting more and more important to strive to get over the risk in the local community by strengthening the system of win-win cooperation between universities and the community. This study suggested implications based on strategic measures in order to seek ways to turn Dogye-eup of Samcheok City in Gangwon into an area-specialized university city. To address the goal, this author visited the field for about a year and investigated and analyzed how the residents and students used the place with nine methodologies such as observation, interviewing, walking, photographing, tracing, and behavioral map drawing. Based on that, this study examined the possibility of establishing a healthy city based on the university city and proposed implications. Dogye played pivotal roles as a central city of mine industry in the past, and today, it is needed to make efforts to create a sound local community as a university town by seeking connections with the universities in the area, and this researcher did find the potential.

Police station is a one of the governmental organizations to keep the citizen’s daily life safe and convenient. It should be designed to provide convenience for the citizen and reflect policemen’ requirements. From old stations which were built over 30 years ago to today’s ones, however, they have little reflection of the user’s requirements. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the circulation pattern or spatial organization at police station building and to reflect the design requirements into other police building design. This paper conducted a survey on the existing police station buildings to examine he circulation pattern and spatial organization, aiming to propose proper planning guidelines. Results of this study are found as follows: First, the spatial organizations are divided into a civil affairs agency, investigation and information agency, police administration and woman areas. Second, the civil affairs agency is located near road or parking lots for easy approach. Third, the investigation and information part needs collective zoning plan into work similarities. Fourth, it is important to keep the citizen access away and to plan separate area in the site or building for the safety and security part. Finally, the police administration area is close to the office of the chief police and the meeting room because the chief officer needs to meet the police administrator or discuss the other citizens at any time.

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze the concentration of indoor fine dust and carbon dioxide according to the general life of occupants over four seasons in a residential space, and to provide data for finding ways to maintain health of occupants. The results of analyzing the measurement results are as follows. 1) As a result of long-term measurement of living space, indoor fine dust and carbon dioxide concentrations changed according to living activities such as cooking and sleeping by month and season. 2) As a result of measuring and analyzing changes in indoor fine dust and carbon dioxide concentration, in the case of indoor fine dust, fine dust generated indoors has the greatest effect continuously for four seasons than fine dust caused by external inflow, and in the case of carbon dioxide, Carbon dioxide produced by respiration has the greatest effect. 3) Depending on the season, fine dust and carbon dioxide generated indoors were often high in the season when the windows were frequently closed, and in the season when the window was opened for ventilation, the fine dust and carbon dioxide generated in daily life were reduced. Therefore, fine dust and carbon dioxide in residential space showed greater concentration difference according to living activities compared to external factors. In order to remove fine dust generated indoors and reduce carbon dioxide in residential spaces in the future, it is necessary to consider fine dust and carbon dioxide reduction measures considering monthly, seasonal, and spatial life patterns.

This study conducted a satisfaction survey of visitors to Changdong Art Village, where the project has been in progress and changed for nine years. As a result of the survey, 41.3% of men and 54.1% of women were satisfied, 59.3% in their teens and 20s, 50% in their 30s and 40s, and 27.5% in their 50s and older by age. Overall, 49.2% said they were satisfied. Factors showing high importance and satisfaction of visitors to Changdong Art Village were derived from the ‘Facade’ and the ‘Atmosphere of the art village’, and factors showing high importance and low satisfaction were ‘External accessibility’ and ‘Pedestrian passage’. Factors with low importance and satisfaction were ‘Mural streets’ and ‘Variety of business’, while factors with low importance and high satisfaction were ‘Internal accessibility’ and ‘Street facilities’. When comparing the project's goals and visitor satisfaction, it was found that the satisfaction of the factors that focused the most on the project plan, such as the ‘Atmosphere of the art village’ and the ‘Facade’, was high, confirming that the direction and purpose of the project were well conveyed to visitors. Satisfaction with infrastructure such as ‘External accessibility’ and ‘Pedestrian passage’ is low, so cooperative relations with Changwon city are important to improve this problem. ‘Mural streets’ are one of the factors that impart the identity of the art village, so improvement should be made through accessibility and visibility consideration, additional promotion, and recruitment of famous artists. And information signs among ‘Internal accessibility’ components should be continuously improved.

In this study, the following conclusion was derived from the evaluation of the engineering nature of CLSM using a large amount of CA. First, the result was confirmed that it is effective in ensuring a flow for field application if the unit quantity is set to 370 to 385 (kg/m3) and the AE agent is mixed to 0.3~0.35 (kg/m3), when the c/a ratio is set to 35% or more. Second, when the ratio of c/a is set to 35% or more, it was confirmed that the AE agent is mixed to be effective in suppressing the bleeding rate if the unit quantity is set to 385 (kg/m3) or less. Third, CLSM with 30% and 35% c/a ratios set, respectively, showed the most intensity motion for field application. Fourth, it was confirmed that a fine amount below the acceptable standard was detected for heavy metal ions such as As, Pb, Cd, and Se other than Cr, resulting in no effect on the surrounding environment by the use of CA.

Having total of 55 Ddeulzip, Western area of Andong has the most Ddeulzip in Andong cultural area. The occurrence progress of Ddeulzip can typed into three periods, the early period(14~15C), the middle period(16~17C), and the late period(19~20C). Main clans forming Ddeulzip in western Andong are Pungsan Ryu(12), Pungsan Kim(10), and Andong Kwon(10). On the other hand, Jeonui Lee and Yean Lee(7), Early and Late Andong Kim(5), Suncheon Kim and Gwangsan Kim(4) have formed some Ddeulzip within the same area. Clans started to settle within the area by marriage. These clan members soon became the alumni of the Toegye school. In consequence, these clans were shared these same dwelling pattern of Ddeulzip by the study relationship and marriage relationship

Many piloti-type RC buildings were damaged by Pohang earthquake. It is necessary to reflect the characteristics of domestic buildings and failure mode by an earthquake to the post-earthquake safety evaluation criteria. In this study, the behavior characteristics and failure mode of RC walls of piloti-type buildings subjected to eccentric axial load was investigated by the reversal cyclic test. The variables were the aspect ratio(height to length) of the wall and the eccentricity which was different because the axial force was applied at the same position from the center of the wall specimens. As a result of the experiment, the slender wall was dominated by the flexure behavior. On the other hand, flexure-shear cracks occurred predominantly in the wall with a small aspect ratio. The crack patterns in the positive and negative loading directions were different due to the influence of eccentricity. The number of crack increased, and the rotation of the wall increased while the maximum horizontal strength decreased when the shear moment and the eccentric moment acted in the same direction by the eccentric axial force.

The characteristics analyzed on the urban form of Denver's form-based code, which is a hybrid form, are as follows; (1)Denver Zoning Codes use urban forms and uses for each hierarchy of urban spaces. Neighborhood Contexts organized the characteristics of urban form elements(road, block, building type, etc.) is classified based on use at the district level, and standards utilize regulations on architectural types and detailed building use standards. (2)The characteristics of the FBC districts designated can be summarized as upzoning tendency to higher density and mixed-use districts (3)In the case of houses, although Context is different, there are many cases that the building forms standards are same other Contexts. they generally have similar standards. These may reduce the differences in the urban forms between Denver’s neighborhoods. (4)Specific standards are playing a role in keeping residential building types to maintain the typological characteristics of the building; height and story, minimum lot area and width, setback, bulk plane, upper story setback, structure width and length, etc. (5)Conventional regulation standards such as FAR, Coverage, and Bulk Plans are minimized to increase the easy-read and predictability of the results for standards. It is expected that the results of this study will provide implications when applying form-based codes in Korea in the future.

Due to the frequent occurrence of large-scale disasters such as recent earth quakes, the problem of the safety of old Public Facilities has emerged. The need to secure safety management technology through constant monitoring is increasing in an attempt to supplement old Public Facilities with weak disaster response capabilities. Traditional research is approaching the development of an existing sensor-based risk precursor information monitoring system. However, unlike this, in this study, we will focus on the development of a data analysis platform as part of the development of a continuous monitoring system that can be prepared for earth quakes, collapses, and fires, based on constantly measured data. For this reason, we have developed a safety diagnosis algorithm based on the optimal sensor attachment point and sensor data reflecting the weak characteristics of old public facilities. Using this, we have established system for maintenance and safety inspection messages and behavior manuals of public facilities.

Agricultural solar power is a method in which crops are grown on the ground and solar power panel is installed on top. At the current level, panel support frames are installed at span of 4 to 6 m, but if the span of the structure is widened, it is possible to increase agricultural activity and secure additional cultivation area. Therefore, in this study, the long-span frame with 12m span of the photovoltaic power generation facility was suggested and the safety of the structure supporting it was reviewed. The wind load acting as a critical load on the structure was calculated according to KDS 41 10 15, the building structure design standard, and the stress ratio, reaction force and serviceability were reviewed after designing a 12m long span by removing the central column from the current 6m span. In addition, the appropriateness of lengthening the structure was reviewed through quantity surveyor, and the optimal sectional sizes of the member according to the KDS were proposed.

As old apartment buildings account for nearly 60% of residential buildings in Busan region, the necessity of green remodeling is increasing substantially in recent years. In this study, heating energy consumption with building age was investigated using real energy data obtained from K-APT database. Classifying apartment complexes into four groups (Group 1, 2, 3 and 4 which means the complex was completed in ’83~’89, ’90~’99, ’00~’09, and ’10~’17, respectively), heating energy consumption was estimated for the period from 2014 to 2019. The result showed that median values of heating energy consumption tend to increase as the building ages increase, regardless of heating degree days. To examine the effect of energy conservation measures for old apartments, energy simulations were conducted assuming the window replacement for Group 2 apartment, which accounts for most of the old apartment buildings. Simulation results showed that the window replacement led to the energy reduction by 19.3~47.8%, which corresponds to Group 4 or higher level of energy efficiency.

Public Toilets are small buildings or public buildings with publicity. There are total of 519 public Toilets in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, but there is no investigation or study on Jeju-si regionality shown by the envelope elements. This study surveyed the regionality of public Toilets recorded in the building management register after conducting a full survey of public Toilets in Jeju-si Park. When looking at the statistics of the user perception survey on regionality, the response to whether Jeju regionality was expressed was evaluated lower than usual. The results of the wall were evaluated higher than those of the roof. In addition, the consistency of user perception surveys and Jeju landscape management guidelines was analyzed. Based on this, it is intended to be used as basic data containing the regionality of public Toilets in Jeju.

As the frequency and scale of earthquakes in Korea increase, the government has enacted the risk assessment of earthquake-damaged buildings to quickly respond to earthquakes and prevent the spread of earthquake damage. Among the earthquake damage risk assessment contents, the risk of vertical structural members, such as columns and walls, is evaluated according to the damage assessment criteria for damage occurring on the surface of the member by structural type. Currently, the domestic damage evaluation standard of reinforced concrete(RC) wall members borrowed from Japan's damage evaluation standard, and there is insufficient reflection of the structural characteristics of domestic RC wall members such as piloti buildings and non-seismic details. Therefore, in this paper, based on the test results of RC wall members with different aspect ratios subjected to eccentric axial force, qualitative and quantitative damage evaluation criteria for wall members were derived. Specifically, the damage level of the wall member was divided into 5 stages, and qualitative evaluation criteria based on the visible damage conditions such as cracks, crushing and spalling of covered concrete, exposure, buckling and fracture of rebara, etc for each damage level and quantitative evaluation criteria based on the maximum residual crack width were derived. The damage evaluation criteria derived in this paper showed that some qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria were smaller at the same level of damage compared to the existing domestic damage evaluation criteria.

This study aims to examine the influencing factors on the Residential Satisfaction among Public Housing for the Elderly with Seniors Welfare Center. Also this study used multiple regression and a chi-square analysis by using 100 households questionnaire as an empirical study. The research results revealed several features. First, the residents were satisfied with ‘Community Service Facilities’, ‘Management ’ and ‘Social Activities’ factors in the order. Second, there are the satisfaction differences among the influential factors according to an income level, a health level, a occupancy type and age. Third. the influential variables on ‘unit design’ are ‘unit’ and ‘Lighting & Ventilation’, and the influential variables on ‘Community Service Facilities’ is ‘Seniors Welfare Spaces’. Fourth, the influential variables on ‘Management’ are ‘Cleaning Service’ and ‘Kindness Of Employee’. ‘Tenancy Bonds’, ‘Monthly Rent’ and ‘Management Expense’ on ‘Expenses’ are influential and all variables on Social Activities are important. Fifth, the influential variables on Neighborhood Facilities are ‘Pubic Sports Facilities’ and ‘Performing Arts Facilities’, and all variables on Accessibility are important. Last, the most influencial factors on the Residential Satisfaction are ‘unit design’, ‘Management’, ‘Expenses’ and ‘Social Activities’ factor in the order.

The concept of Smart City is an urban operation platform that collects and stores core data of the city and responds to urban problems through AI analysis. The general emergency rescue flow is in the order of patient occurrence-report-dispatch instruction-dispatch-field arrival-field arrival-field arrival-hospital arrival-hospital arrival. Therefore, the necessary technology and requirements have been derived through prior research on emergency rescue services, and the systems for physical and technical devices are as follows. First, it includes a real-time optimal route-based dispatch department selection system, second, a device that shares real-time patient images and ambulance status, and third, a device that protects pedestrians on emergency vehicle dispatch routes. However, until PS-LTE communication networks are commercialized nationwide, there are practical problems related to maintenance and research limitations that must be applied only to demonstration areas. The expected effect of this study is to solve the requirements of various technologies related to smart cities and to find the direction of development of emergency rescue services.

The 2016 Gyeongju earthquake that recently occurred in Korea was the largest earthquake since the Korea Meteorological Administration began its earthquake notification service. The Gyeongju earthquake was strong enough to feel the vibrations all over the Korean Peninsula. In particular, in Gyeongju, Ulsan, and Busan, direct and indirect damage occurred due to the earthquake. After the Gyeongju earthquake, various government measures to reduce earthquake damage to buildings are being established, and measures to improve the legal basis and system for seismic retrofitting of existing buildings are required. Therefore, in this study, the current status of seismic reinforcement laws for existing buildings at home and abroad in preparation for earthquakes was reviewed, and measures for improvement of laws related to earthquake-resistance reinforcement of existing buildings suited to the domestic situation were presented.

In this study, an experiment is performed to evaluate the shear strength performance of a built-up beam composed of a sinusoidal corrugated web with a depth of 1000 mm or more. In order to compare the effects of automatic welding type, a total of 4 specimens are manufactured by using one-sided automatic welding and two-sided automatic welding. The shear strength performance is verified by comparing it with the value based on the design guidelines of the Korean Society of Steel Construction. It is considered that the corrugated web and flange can achieve sufficient integral behavior effect by single-sided automatic welding. The shear strength of most specimens obtained through static loading tests was found to exceed the values of the design guidelines. Since the fracture pattern appeared near the support point, it is judged that the shear strength will be further improved if the support point is reinforced.

From July 1, 2018, the policy called the maximum 52-hour workweek was enforced. This policy became a challenge the construction site should solve. Compared to other industries, the construction industry more relies on human resources. Moreover, in the construction industry, it is essential to complete a building within a set period of time. However, the 52-hour workweek policy has reduced working hours from before, making it difficult to finish construction work within a fixed period of time. Considering these characteristics of the construction field, the government implemented some policies, such as the increase in the number of workers deployed at construction sites and the flexible working system. However, it is still difficult to meet the construction period. Therefore, this study focused on changes that would be occurred since working hours have been reduced from the 68-hour workweek to the 52-hour workweek. In conclusion, it has been analyzed that the construction period has been prolonged due to the reduction of working hours caused by the 52-hour workweek system, and the ratio of labor costs to total construction costs has decreased.

According to the magnitude of earthquakes occurring around the world, cases of severe suffering, such as large-scale human and property damage, are continuing. Since the natural disasters such as earthquakes cannot be controlled by humans in an unpredictable environment, it is necessary to establish a response system that can prevent and prepare as much as possible. In the case of developed countries, they has suffered particularly a lot of damage to life and property due to earthquakes in the past, so policy and system to prepare for earthquakes has been continuously established and operated. In this study, policy and system for seismic retrofitting support based on foreign cases in existing buildings are suggested by analyzing the current status of earthquake-resistance measures in developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and Taiwan.

This study interprets primary elements in suburban cities in the US in a structuralist way. The purpose of this study is to show that poetic interpretation is possible through structuralist analogies of the material forms of primary elements even in suburban america in the modern time. The rationale is structuralism and Aldo Rossi's urban theory. The study targets were suburban cities america in general and, as a specific case, Blacksburg in Virginia. The primary elements in suburban america in general were analyzed as ‘chimneys’, ‘water towers’, ‘highways’, ‘central squares’. In Blacksburg, the ‘chimney’, ‘highway’ and ‘central plaza’ were identified as the primary elements, forming the physical structure of the town. The physical structure of Blacksburg was analyzed to clearly form the centers and the boundary of the town. The centers of the town were the chimney, the visual center, and ‘Drillfield’, the spatial center. The boundary of the town was the ‘460 US bypass’. Each was visually and spatially related as a urban structure. The interpretation of the urban structure in which the centers and the boundary were clearly recognized, can be understood as reflecting both of Semper's primitive dwelling and subconscious desires for an idealistic settlement, a utopia. The significance of this study is to show that poetic interpretations of an ideal city are still valid even in a modern suburban city in the US.

The purpose of this study is to identify the major risk factors and accident types of reinforced concrete construction with the highest accident rate among construction works, and to contribute to the establishment of accident prevention measures. 550 construction accident cases analysis and a survey of 30 construction site experts of small and medium constructions were conducted to identify the risk factors and accident types. From the analysis results, collapse accidents occurred most frequently in reinforced concrete works, and majority of accidents were caused by inappropriate construction operations. The causes of safety accidents in terms of project participants were different. The respondents except for the workers answered that safety training program should be strengthened for preventive measure. The analysis results in this study will be used as a source of information on detailed safety management measures for reinforced concrete construction considering the characteristics of the site.