Earticle

This study investigates the impact of eco-friendly incentives within the district unit plans of Gyeonggi Province, focusing on their role in promoting sustainable urban development. Through an analysis of the incentive systems in 31 cities and counties, the research identifies how these incentives contribute to enhancing energy efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting the expansion of public facilities. The study reveals that while these incentives are primarily effective in large-scale developments, their applicability to smaller buildings remains limited due to procedural and financial constraints. The findings emphasize the need for more tailored incentive policies that reflect regional characteristics, especially in less urbanized areas like northern Gyeonggi. Furthermore, the study suggests that regular evaluations and enhancements of the incentive systems are necessary to maximize their effectiveness in achieving sustainable development goals. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers aiming to implement or refine eco-friendly incentive programs that balance environmental sustainability with urban growth.

The study was conducted to investigate the physiological effects of high-temperature environments frequently occurring due to global warming on workers' thermal comfort and attentional concentration. In particular, among various physiological indices, the characteristics of EEG indices that can most clearly reflect the attentional concentration state according to workers' thermal comfort in a high-temperature environment were analyzed. To this end, an experiment was conducted on 16 adult males in a high-temperature environment of 32℃ corresponding to PMV= +2, and EEG data from each participant were collected to analyze changes in the attentional concentration state over time. As a result of the analysis, the most significant indices indicating the level of attentional concentration according to the perception of thermal comfort were confirmed to be 'Beta/(Theta + Alpha)' and 'Alpha/High beta'. In addition, EEG responses in the central lobe (C4 channel) and occipital lobe (O2 channel) regions showed notable differences in relation to thermal comfort, suggesting that increased brain fatigue and decreased attention in a high-temperature environment are closely related to specific brain regions. The research results can contribute to the development of wearable devices that can monitor workers' concentration in real time in high-temperature work environments, and can be used as important data for preventing safety accidents that may occur in work environments.

This study presents a methodology for developing a road surface map by classifying cell sizes according to road functions and design speeds, using the National Base Map as a foundation. Driven by smart city policy goals for sustainable urban infrastructure, this approach enables efficient road condition monitoring and traffic safety management. Data collected via GNSS and a 3-axis accelerometer at 20Hz facilitated detailed road surface assessments, while QGIS supported GIS-based spatial data construction. Key achievements include optimized cell size configurations, a structured process for cell-based road data creation, and validated applicability through sample area testing. This methodology supports nationwide road maintenance and monitoring, aligning with smart city objectives to enhance road safety and resource efficiency.

This study examines how the egalitarian ideas that Ildefons Cerdà intended to realize through Barcelona's urban expansion plan were organically expressed and implemented through the grid system. The main conclusions drawn through the study are as follows. First, Cerdà proposed an urban expansion plan using an organic grid system to solve the overcrowded urban problem and improve the living environment of the working class. The grid system was created as a fundamental structure and language for its expansion for its organic change and sustainable development and growth beyond the application of the existing grid patterns for geometric or efficient urban design. Second, Cerdà's grid system acts as an system and network that enables functional distribution and equal access across the city. It secures equal lighting and ventilation through the arrangement of housing and road design in the city, and connects infrastructure facilities and blocks of various sizes and functions so that the entire city can operate like a single network. Third, through the hierarchy of roads and the organic characteristics of the grid system, the mobility of all citizens in the city was increased, and an environment in which public facilities and resources were evenly distributed was created. This was part of an organic plan rather than an efficient or aesthetic design by allowing various shapes to be transformed in consideration of the integration with the old city. Finally, the grid system presented in Cerdà's Barcelona Urban Expansion Plan can be evaluated as a system and network that organically connects and develops overall city functions, not just a geometric and efficient design. This study confirmed that Cerdà's egalitarian ideas were reflected in the basis of this organic grid as an important urban planning tool to secure urban sustainability.

The purpose of this study is to improve the process in order to reduce the cost and time incurred in repairing defects in apartment houses and to reduce disputes and litigation for defects in apartment houses. The main contents and results of this study are as follows. First, the current status of apartment housing disputes and litigations procedures consisting of the Housing Act and the Multi-Family Housing Management Act was analyzed, and the institution's criteria for judging defects and litigation in apartment housing and precedents based on those criteria were analyzed. Second, the problems caused by defect disputes and defect litigations and areas that needed improvement were investigated targeting residents and workers related to apartment defects. Third, based on the investigated opinions, a plan to improve the apartment defect dispute and litigation process was proposed. This study had limitations such as not proposing a clear amendment and lack of quantitative analysis through comparison with existing processes.

As CPTED, a representative modern criminology, has established itself as an important crime prevention theory and policy, certification of buildings applying CPTED principles is also increasing. In South Korea, the application of CPTED for buildings was mandatory in 2014 (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport), but CPTED certification is applied arbitrarily, not mandatory. In particular, CPTED certification of apartments has been conducted by the Korea CPTED Association since 2010, but there are fewer cases of certification and fewer related studies than overseas such as the UK and Japan. Therefore, it is important to analyze the effect from various perspectives in order to increase CPTED certification. This study analyzes the effects of CPTED certification from the perspective of residential satisfaction.

The expressway is an important place of network supplying people, information, and goods from all the regions and allowing the proper flowing of them. But as of now, a new design method is required as the expressway which is going beyond the particular physical space itself and changes into another cultural space where information on the culture of various regions can be acquired. Thus, this study, considering the identities expressed in the expressway service areas as the text, the product of the symbolic system, and analyzing them from the point of semiotics, tries to present the design guidelines for the regional identities found in the expressway service areas. The study method is as follows. First, we prescribed expressive levels such as facade, shapes, colors, and materials, which belong to outer layer, as the syntactic code of the service areas. Secondly, we prescribed contents levels, such detailed elements as landscape, culture, industries, history, which belong to the deep structure of the regions' identities, as the semantic code of the service areas. Thirdly, based on these, this study tries to present the semiotic models on the regional identities found in service areas.

Workers at construction sites are exposed to various risks of safety accidents during construction work. In particular, indoor ceiling material work is often performed using a ladder, and a situation in which workers cannot use both hands freely occurs for a long time. As a result, if the worker loses balance, the fatigue rapidly increases, and the risk of safety accidents increases. In this study, we intend to study a strength assist robot that reflects the field requirements of indoor ceiling material workers to confirm whether the design has been properly performed.

This study proposed improvement plans for the educational environment to facilitate the adoption of hybrid lectures in building construction at domestic universities. The number of hybrid lecture rooms has significantly increased, but LMS functions, such as discussion boards and team projects, were found to have difficulties in supporting real-time communication. The analysis of distance learning regulations revealed that many universities failed to meet the required standards. Additionally, an analysis of hybrid lecture-related policies showed a lack of provisions necessary for the effective operation of hybrid lectures. Six improvement measures for educational facilities and learning support systems were proposed to enable instructors to conduct lectures smoothly and facilitate real-time communication among participants. Furthermore, five regulatory improvement measures were suggested to clarify relevant policies for the adoption of hybrid lectures. This study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for the introduction and implementation of hybrid lectures.

The transition to sustainable buildings is a pressing issue, driven by environmental and economic concerns. This study evaluates the energy-saving effects and cost-efficiency of green remodeling elements in public buildings, focusing on daycare centers and health clinics remodeled in 2021 and 2022. The analysis highlights that building envelope improvements, such as enhanced insulation and high-performance windows, offer significant energy savings at relatively low costs, making them a priority in remodeling projects. HVAC and ventilation system upgrades, while requiring higher initial investments, show potential for long-term savings and indoor environment enhancement. Additionally, LED lighting and control systems are identified as cost-effective methods for reducing energy consumption, and renewable energy technologies significantly enhance energy independence and carbon reduction, despite their substantial upfront costs. This study provides a systematic approach to incorporating cost and energy considerations into public building remodeling designs, offering valuable insights for efficient strategy development. It also underscores the need for government support to promote green remodeling initiatives. Future research should focus on exploring the interactions between remodeling elements and external factors to develop more comprehensive and sophisticated analyses.

This study aims to examine how the characteristics of ‘Jagal Madang’ brothel, located at 3 Dowon-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, are manifested in its architectural space by reappearing a specific building in the brothel. To achieve this, various data sources including photographs, blueprints, newspaper articles, oral histories from sex workers, and in-depth interviews with relevant experts were cross-verified to reconstruct the architectural and spatial elements of the building. The Conclusion is as follows; First, the brothel was characterized by an extremely closed structure, with very low accessibility, primarily limited to internal individuals and law enforcement officials. Second, the spatial layout displayed a lack of planning, driven by the goal of maximizing the number of individual rooms for prostitution. Third, the interior space was organized around the needs of visitors, which weakened the livability for sex workers and reinforced their psychological isolation. Fourth, the presence of gender-biased items and interior decorations reflected a distorted portrayal of femininity. Additionally, the study identified differences in room composition and business operations based on the district’s location and whether illegal extensions or renovations had been made. This research is significant as it represents the first study of the architectural space of a brothel in Korea, offering alternative approaches for data networking and data set construction that could aid in the reconstruction and restoration of lost architectural spaces.

Topology provides a new approach to understanding contemporary architecture from a perspective different from Euclidean geometry. For this purpose, concepts such as homeomorphism, topological space, continuous deformation, and the Möbius band are particularly important. This allows for a topological intervention in architecture through the application of the concept of 'folding' to explain the relationships and positions of spaces. Until now, topology has been applied without distinction between formal and informal architecture. However, the spatial structure of three-dimensional curved surfaces allows for more effective analysis when approached topologically. Therefore, topological concepts become more suitable tools for grasping the structures of informal architecture. This paper explores the potential of appropriating topological geometry architecturally by analyzing the Möbius House as a case of 'homeomorphism' and the Kunsthal as a case of the topological operation 'piercing.' Subsequently, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of the topological spaces of the Yokohama International Terminal and the Mercedes-Benz Museum, presenting topological geometry as a medium for research in informal architecture. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for topological architectural research to connect with the horizons of the mobility paradigm, which has recently gained more attention.

The research on certification standards for evaluating the eco-friendliness of urban spaces including buildings is constantly required, world-widely. This study started from the point that eco-friendly complexes have a greater influence on the urban environment as projects that include a number of buildings and a wide range of external spaces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change in the reflection rate for each evaluation item in the process of LEED-ND(v3) certification cases in the United States investigated in the previous study going through the planning stage to the final completion stage, and to analyze the cause of the change in the reflection rate for each certification stage. The cases targeted for investigation in the previous study were 33 projects in the United States that obtained LEED-ND(v3) preliminary certification. In this study, the subjects were selected as 17 projects that obtained the final certification, and the change in the reflection rate for each evaluation item of the certification criteria was investigated. The results derived through comparative analysis serve as basic data for grasping the effectiveness and preference of the LEED-ND(v3) certification criteria. Based on this, it is expected that research for establishing certification standards and guidelines for eco-friendly complexes in Korea will be activated.

Urban low-rise residential areas require childcare-friendly neighborhood-type urban regeneration to enhance the local environment, foster resident communities, and stimulate the local economy through comprehensive childcare support. This study aims to propose a child-friendly neighborhood-type urban regeneration plan to establish a childcare-supportive environment and revitalize the social and economic landscape of local communities. This study employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating literature review and survey analysis. The findings are as follows: First, it is essential to adopt a multi-faceted approach to resident participation projects to effectively implement childcare-friendly neighborhood-type urban regeneration in urban low-rise residential areas. Second, urban regeneration projects should prioritize environmental improvements focused on safety, cultural and artistic engagement, and natural experiences to create a childcare-friendly environment. Third, securing dedicated support spaces for urban regeneration is crucial. These spaces should integrate multiple functions, including interaction, relaxation, sharing, caregiving, and education, to provide comprehensive support for both childcare and urban regeneration initiatives. Fourth, to establish a foundation for revitalizing the local economy, it is necessary to create employment opportunities through social enterprise start-up support, particularly focusing on childcare services and employment assistance for childcare households. This study contributes to the discourse on urban regeneration by providing a strategic framework for childcare-friendly urban development, emphasizing its role in enhancing urban livability and economic sustainability.

Instead of the existing methodology of directly connecting the hierarchy of basic needs and the architectural elements, this study propose a two-stage behavior-oriented analysis method that applies the Maslow’s hierarchy of basic needs theory to architecture, and the results of this study are as follows. First, based on Maslow's own research and domestic and international prior studies, the theoretical basis for behavior-oriented analysis method was prepared, and related literature was analyzed to extract behavior in 23 apartment housing units considering social statistics, space, and symbolic aspects. Second, 16 items of architectural elements were selected to evaluate the acceptability of extracted behaviors through literature and analysis of 10 apartment housing unit planes and internal space data, and the apartment housing units were analyzed using a behavior-oriented analysis method by making it an evaluation table that can evaluate the hierarchy of basic needs-behaviors-architectural elements together.