Earticle

The purpose of this study is to diversify the use environment and layout of classrooms as the idle space in elementary school classrooms increases due to the recent decrease in the school-age population. This changing pattern of space use is applied in the form of a multipurpose auditorium when planning an elementary school, and the safety standards of the multipurpose auditorium are applied as they are. Based on this situation, analyzing the space from the perspective of evacuation behavior by applying the disaster and disaster situations of elementary school students who actually use the space of school facilities shows that they focus mainly on the size of stairs, corridors, and evacuation distance. In particular, the space of the cafeteria and the multipurpose auditorium used by students is increasingly planned as a single block, and sharing the cafeteria with the risk of fire and the multipurpose auditorium, a space that can be used by a large number of people, has various problems. Accordingly, this study aims to diagnose the safety problems of elementary schools that have occurred very frequently in recent years, and in particular, it was analyzed based on the case of multi-purpose auditorium, which can be severely damaged in the event of disasters and disaster situations of elementary school students. Based on the contents shown through this, I would like to propose planning guidelines for actual evacuation and evacuation-related regulations when establishing an elementary school.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the alkali-silica reaction through the addition of reactive aggregate in the alkali-activated geopolymer mortar mixed with copper slag, as well as the mechanical properties and ASR reactions. As a binder for geopolymer mortar, a unary and binary combination of fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and copper slag was carried out. Table flow, bending strength, and compressive strength of geopolymer mortar were tested according to the mixing characteristics. In addition ASR expansion experiments and AEW measurements were performed. As a result of the experiment, the table flow increased as the mixing rate of copper slag increased. The binary mortar of fly ash and copper slag was generally lower in strength than ordinary portland cement, but all specimens of ground granulated blast furnace slag and copper slag were higher in strength than ordinary portland cement. As a result of the ASR expansion experiment, all binary mortar specimens showed an expansion rate of less than 0.1% as specified in ASTM C 1260. As a result of AEW measurement, copper slag was the highest when using a unary binder, and the binary mortar mixed with ground granulated blast furnace slag was lower than the binary mortar mixed with fly ash. Based on the previous results, when manufacturing copper slag geopolymer mortar, a binary system using a mixture of copper slag and ground granulated furnace slag is considered advantageous.

Recently, health management of laborer in painting work and non-destructive testing is very important task because various diseases have occurred such as leukemia in the painting construction process by the increase of steel painting amount and enlargement due to skyscraperlization of building. However, the similar diseases occur repeatedly due to lack of study about the relationship between disease occurrence factors(facilities, construction type, causal factor, hazardous substance) as well as analysis of characteristics of lymph hematopoietic cancer. From this point of view, the purpose of this paper is to suggest the methodology of diseases prevention to consider rational measures of health management targeting 55 lymph hematopoietic cancer(leukemia, myeloma, lymphoma) in construction sites and plants. In order to achieve the purpose of this paper, the diseases occurrence mechanism was analyzed from the standpoint of hazardous substance and diseases causes. The classification system of causal factors and relationship between disease occurrence factors of facilities. Based on the case study and related law, we suggest various measures to reduce hazardous substance exposure of key management factors in construction sites and plants.

This is a study on the architectural design improvement plan of 6 commercial and business areas located between the Sejong Government Complex and Gareum-ro, the main arterial road, out of a total of 39 commercial and business areas in the 1-5 living zones of the Multi-functional Administrative City. In order to improve the architectural design, four plans for improving the architectural design were proposed by analyzing various plans related to the central site of the Sejong Government Complex and the current status and characteristics of the site. First, in order to plan a pedestrian-centered business area where people always gather, a pedestrian axis plan was proposed to secure pedestrian space by designating architectural designated lines on the south and north sides of the site. Second, as an environmental response plan considering the characteristics of the south-facing rectangular site, a double-skin facade was planned for the south, east, and west elevations to respond to environmental changes. Third, for the mass and skyline plan considering the view from the government building, the existing floor area ratio and building-to-land ratio were lowered and a section to secure access was proposed. Fourth, a low-impact development technique was proposed to preserve the abundant waterfront space and green space around.

As the demand for high-rise buildings increased, the standardized box shape was converted into a new trend of atypical shape. In this study, 50 cases of atypical skyscrapers with a scale of 200m or more were selected as research subjects in order to explore the design trends of future atypical skyscrapers through various cases of atypical skyscrapers constructed around the world. In addition, the application status of the structural system according to the atypical form of the high-rise building was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, atypical forms of current high-rise buildings appeared to have the highest frequency of application in the order of Taper, Curve, Twist, Free-Shape, and Folding elements. In addition, as a result of analyzing the application frequency of the structural system, it was found that the Outrigger Frame, Shear Walled Frame, and Diagrid Frame systems were applied in the order. As a result of the study, it is judged that it will be possible to identify the tendency of structural systems with relatively high application frequency from atypical facade design elements.

This study pays attention to the change of landscaping during the modern and contemporary development history with the subject of Sokcho-si, a small or medium city in the Gangwon-do Youngdong region. Together with the promotion to a si (city) Sokcho-si has made drastic growth in the 1960s and has searched for plans to manage the differentiated landscaping with its splendid natural environment as its resource. Along with the landscaping management through the landscaping ordinance, the discussions on elevation restriction and others of entire city have been positively made. In carrying out this study, it is administered around Cheongcho-ho Lake and its hinter region, and in particular, the regional characteristics are based to fragment into urban landscaping, street landscaping, coastal landscaping, lake landscaping and others to carry out the study. Following each of landscaping characteristics, it is approached in segment for distant view, intermediary view and close view, and the result formulated through this study is shown as follows. First, Sokcho-si, an administrative district in city unit has formed the concentrated urban structure around Cheongcho-ho Lake, and it has integrated with diverse geographical environment features to be formulated in its characteristics. Second, on the basis of the spatial politic concept, when the change of city types in the modern and contemporary development history process of Sokcho-si is taken a look, the frame of a city is laid down in the second term, and it encounters the process of having the city type based on the foregoing. Third, in 2000s, the highly dense dry environment intensely increased encounters the process to cause the general landscape change of Sokcho-si. And, fourth, it is required for urban management plan on the basis of differentiated spatial characteristics in the modern and contemporary development process. This study has to be accompanied with the comprehensive management approach and requires on the basis of sustainability of Sokcho-si.

In this study, the optimal supply angle of the air curtain installed above a store entrance was reviewed via a transient CFD simulation to reduce heating and cooling energy consumption from opening doors during business hours. As a result of the simulation, when the air curtain is installed, the amount of infiltration is drastically reduced. During the summer season, it is advantageous to supply air angled towards the outdoor side rather than indoor side of an entrance door in cooling conditions, with an angle of 10°⃚ most effective for outdoor temperatures of 30℃, 33℃, and outdoor side 10°⃚ angle for outdoor temperatures of 36℃. In the winter season, it is more advantageous to supply air to indoor side rather than outdoor side of an entrance door in heating conditions and with an angle of 20°⃚ most effective for outdoor temperatures of -6℃, -9℃, and indoor side 10°⃚ angle for outdoor temperatures of – 12℃.

The majority of conventional composite beams are of the exposed-type, where steel beams are placed on top of concrete. However, exposed-type composite beams require formwork for concrete and necessitate consideration of local buckling of the steel web during the design process. To overcome these drawbacks, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of filled-type composite beams using U-shaped steel sections filled with concrete. U-shaped composite beams allow the use of steel sections as formwork and provide resistance to local web buckling due to the concrete filling. Moreover, in this study, angle-type shear connectors capable of withstanding concrete side pressure, rather than the typical stud-type shear connectors, were employed. Ultimately, this paper conducted a performance evaluation of U-shaped composite beams and aimed to present a finite element analysis model of composite beams using the ABAQUS program.

This article aims to identify what factors influence the sense of home in nursing homes for older adults, and to compare the factors between the United States and Japan. Factors influencing 'the sense of home' can be classified into psychological, social, and physical factors, and physical factors related to architectural planning can be subdivided into five categories such as space articulation, enclosure, sensory qualities, material, form/measurements/proportions. Plans of personal spaces have been categorized into 2 types which were RT and RBLK. In addition, the composition of physical environment factors considering the balance of autonomy and security, locality, and social and cultural characteristics were proposed.