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The elevation of the apartment housing has many factors that positively influence the elevation design improvement, such as shape and arrangement of the building, entrance details, applied exterior materials, main entrance, rooftop, balcony, core and various colors, etc. However, most of the apartment houses show a uniform attitude in terms of morphology that depends only on the color of the outer wall and changes in the external materials, and the improvement efforts are insufficient. The exterior of the apartment complex is also managed by Jeju Special Self-Governing Province through the construction deliberation or landscape deliberation system. But, the reality is that supplier-oriented sales and economic logic have many limitations in the effectiveness of managing and improving the elevation design of apartment housing. In this study, investigated and analyzed the status of elevation design for newly constructed tenement houses in the Dong area of Jeju City over the last 10 years. The purpose of the study is to present the direction and basic data of the research to improve the elevation design of the tenement houses in the Jeju area through the study on the elevation characteristics of the tenement houses in the east area of Jeju.

The aim of this paper is to provide the directions of the detailed listing guidelines by the comparison study on the UK and Korean Designation system of Modern and Contemporary architectural cultural heritage. For the guidelines, based on the value described by the committee members of korean cultural heritage administration in the reason for registration, 18 detailed value criteria mainly applied to the present architectural cultural heritage buildings were derived: then, the hierarchical order of the detailed criteria according to frequencies of detailed value descriptions on building types was listed with percentages in order to extract the certain value between the committee members’ descriptions on registered buildings. As a result, firstly the detailed criteria of Korean Modern and Contemporary architectural properties for the guidelines as registered cultural heritage was generally similar with the legal standards of UK listed buildings. However, the value of Korean criteria was more weighed on architectural background and procedure of cultural heritage buildings on the social historical context of the times than detailed and clear description of building itself. Secondly, according to the building types, architectural style with building structure was highly and frequently regarded as the main detailed standards; however, the detailed descriptions were limited to generally visual analysis without mentioning specific value differences between building types. Therefore, the conclusion of this comparison study between the UK and Korean designation system will be to suggest detail criteria of the guidelines as value plates for Korean modern and contemporary architectural cultural heritage.

Grout is used for filling joint of concrete structures, and it is required to have fluidity, required strength and shrinkage reduction performance. However, in cement-based grout, drying shrinkage is inevitable due to evaporation of surplus water during hydration reaction. Therefore, in this study, the physical properties of cement-based grout according to the replacement ratio of CSA expansion admixture were analyzed to reduce drying shrinkage. As an experimental results, fluidity increased as the replacement ratio of the expansion admixture increased, and the setting time accelerated as the replacement ratio of the expansion admixture increased. In terms of compressive strength, the initial compressive strength increased by about 7 % when the replacement ratio of the expansion admixture was 3 to 6 %, other than that, the compressive strength decreased as the replacement ratio of the expansion additve increased, so the target strength was not satisfied with the replacement ratio of the expansion admixture of 15 %. The expansion height was contracted(-) up to 6%, and the replacement ratio of 9% or more was expanded(+). The length change in drying shrinkage decreased as the replacement ratio of the expansion admixture increased, and increased as the curing temperature increased. However, compared with the replacement ratio of 0 %(Plain), the higher curing temperature, the better the compensation effect for shrinkage. As a result, it was found that the use of 9 to 12% of the expansion admixture was appropriate within the scope of this study.

After the implementation of the coal industry rationalization policy in 1989, many systems in the local community which involved coal-based economic activities have collapsed. Local communities such as Samcheok, Jeongseon, Taebaek, and Yeongwol, which are attempting to boost their local economies through Kangwon Land, are seeing a mix of positive and negative effects. Residents are making efforts to promote their local economies with the help of locally found natural resources. Gohan-eup, Jeongseon, which is the focus of this study, has long been known for wildflowers in Hambaeksan. Local residents have been promoting the unique wildflowers in Gohan-eup through programs such as the Hambaeksan Wildflower Festival and Alley Garden Fair. The purpose of this study is to suggest a strategy to boost the local economy through wildflowers in Gohan-eup. In particular, this study examined a possibility based on a sense of community among local residents. To do so, using questionnaires and conducting field surveys on local residents and adolescents, this study conducted and analyzed local resident interviews, photography, observations, and surveys on the use patterns of local residents with programs such as Arc-Gis and Space-Syntax. The following results were obtained: First, the meaning of qualitative improvement of residential environment, increase of utility, and records of changing environment following the spatial and environmental changes in small local communities is significant. Second, the process of facilitation in the resident-oriented local community ad characteristics and limitations in the local community have been confirmed, and the search for independence of resident organizations within the local community and the net functional role through balanced participation would be important. And, third, there is a need for diversified approach methods for spatial, environmental and systematic structure for facilitation into a wild flower specialized-village, formation of consensus by local residents, development of experts and so forth.

This study is a preceding study to propose direction of design planning for modern church architecture from the user's perspective view. One of the many ways to overcome symptoms is that people suffer from psychological and mental problems, in accordance with the rapid growth and change of modern urban society, the rise of individualism and selfishness. The purpose of the study is to present basic research data for the future by examining the expression characteristics of the formative design in pre and post World War ll American Modern Expressionist churches. It was understood that the churches showed the expression characteristics of formative design according to the Analysis items of visual, relational, and practical elements classification, and also the expression characteristics of the design according to the type of the research subject

The purpose of this study is to use it as basic data for better business planning centered on consumers when planning a remodeling project for old apartments. To this end, based on the consciousness survey of residents of the project preparation complex, it was intended to analyze the differences in important factors of the residential environment according to the characteristics of groups. It was confirmed that the entire data was suitable for analysis, and based on this, reliability analysis and factor analysis were conducted, and important influencing factors were derived through factor analysis. Finally, in order to analyze the difference between groups of important influencing factors of remodeling, an anova and an independent sample T-test were conducted based on the results from factor analysis, and the difference in characteristics between groups was analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in the comparative analysis by group, the group that values the residential environment within the unit generation, which is an important influence factor for remodeling, was found to value the residential environment within the unit generation in the metropolitan area, small complexes, and younger generation. However, it was found that there was no significant difference in important factors according to gender. Second, it was found that the group that values the environment of the complex emphasized the complex environment rather than the residential environment within the unit generation as the non-metropolitan area, large-scale complex, terraced structure, and age group increased.

This study was intended to synthesize the discussion on location types of residential areas in Busan and location types of apartments. This is an attempt to synthesize the studies on apartments in the Busan area so far, and the feasibility of apartment complexes with more than 500 households was examined by tracing aerial photos from the mid-1970s to the present and examining the change process. As a result, first, as of 1975, the area recognized as the city center in Busan, its vicinity, and the spread area of the city center around it showed a difference in time, so it was confirmed that the classification was valid. Second, it was confirmed that there are many large-scale apartment complexes promoted by policy, but in reality, they were developed in the direction of linking with the existing residential areas, showing no significant difference in the urban structure. Accordingly, in the case of urban expansion, it is judged that a more detailed study is needed to determine by what criteria the location should be considered.

Le Corbusier's 5 points theory has been considered as one of the important theories in modern architecture. This is published 3 times. However, Studies focusing on these 3 publications are very rare. Especially, it is most necessary to understand how horizontal windows and independent frames changed one by one. Because they are the keys of the 5 points concept. With this background, the subject of this research is to interpret implicit meanings in the changes of the 5 points, focusing on specifically the point of horizontal windows. There are three goals. First, finding major changes in 3 times of publications. Second, studying new concept about the horizontal windows point. Third, interpreting his intention of changing the 5 points theory from that. This research is limited to the second publication. Study methods are extracting, comparing and analysing of the primary documents by Le Corbusier. There are three results. Firstly, the application area of his 5 points is extended from house into urban scale and from theory into construction in part. Secondly, new keyword appeared the most at the horizontal windows point. They are all converged into one concept about independent frames. Thirdly, the implication of 5 points' changes appeared in his mentions about different social class's house type and standardization house. It is his social vision that any social class of people can have the same human living conditions by applicating the 5 points in their new house constructions. Afterwords, it is necessary to continue studies on the third publication of the 5 points. I want this study to make korean architects re-think the modern architecture vision.

As a result of the rapid growth in the elderly population in Korea, it is expected that there will be problems in providing housing for use by the elderly. Although the government of Korea is seeking to revitalise the welfare housing system for the elderly, on the whole, private and public supplies have been reached to those in high-income and low-income households. Therefore, regardless of their economic status, it is necessary to identify the crucial housing issues in terms of design and research that is in line with the government’s policies. This study recognises the current conditions of the residential environment for the elderly demographic in Korea, and expands its physical architectural concept to the wider context of the healthy environment. The purpose of this study is to derive EBD factors from the elderly based on Evidence-based Design methodology researches, which are Healthcare at Home General Annotation and WELL Certification. This study will yield findings that aid in elderly housing renovation project(s) and new-build project(s).