Earticle

This review study discusses the utilization of Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) 3D point cloud data in representing geometry for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications, particularly the so-called Scan-to-FEM method. The existing studies related to the topic are intensively presented and discussed along with the advantages and disadvantages of the modelling methods: meshing by whole and cross-section. Two case studies are conducted to show both modelling methods used for geometry representation for Scan-to-FEM method. Meshing by whole and cross-section methods result in the relative errors of respective 2.79% and 1.4% in the maximum displacement vector sum, compared to their reference models constructed by ABAQUS. It is also seen that the density and clarity of 3D point cloud data can bring well-shaped geometry for FE analysis and consequently produce good accuracy.

Hanok architectural assets have the main function of living, which are destroyed or disappeared due to time, urbanization, and development. Jeollabuk-do is no exception, so there are many hanok architectural assets with local identity, period, and historical characteristics, but they are not properly used for a long time. In particular, Jeollabuk-do is known to have more hanok architectural assets than other regions, and policies are needed to preserve and utilize them. So, this study aims to investigate the hanok architectural assets which are located in Jeollabuk-do, analyze, synthesize and try to re-use them. This study first identified the location and content of hanok architectural assets located in Jeollabuk-do by field survey. In addition, the history and contents of hanok architectural assets were studied by theoretical materials such as books and etc. In addition, policies, systems, laws, and cases related to hanok architectural assets carried out implemented by the central government and local governments in Korea were investigated, focusing on Jeollabuk-do. Then, these contents were analyzed and synthesized to derive contents on the preservation and utilization of hanok architectural assets. By synthesizing the above contents, it is concluded as followings: First, hanok architectural assets have potential values, so it is necessary to establish an institutional system to recognize and manage and protect the value of cultural assets in the future, and to preserve them by database of them. Second, it was necessary to actively review the preservation and utilization measures in the concept of sharing with local residents according to the nature of modern society, architectural assets, and the surrounding environment. Third, the utilization plan should be subdivided while maintaining the characteristics and identity of hanok architectural assets. Fourth, although the Hanok Architecture Cultural Asset is a building with a residential function, it is necessary to maintain its original form as much as possible in preservation and utilization.

The purpose of this study is to handle the urban characteristics with its focus on Sokcho-si, Gangreung-si and Samcheok-si, the central cities in the Yongdong area of Kangwon Province. At a time when the crisis of the local small and medium-sized cities has become a reality, proposing a perspective issues by analyzing the characteristics of urban development involving old downtown and central part of city as well as the urban outskirts through the analysis of characteristics on the local environment would present significant implications. In particular, through the analysis of characteristics related to the urban characteristics that is provided with theoretical contents under this study, the sustainability in the future for each case city has been contemplated. For the case of Sokcho-si the concentration of downtown is shown to be highest with respect to the overall administrative unit, and this is shown in differentiated terms in the urban characteristics of central street and central downtown. In case of Gangreung-si, there is an increased deterioration in the original downtown, and it depicts the characteristics of enhanced urban vitality with the housing site development in the outskirt areas together with the active movements Sokcho-si the urban rehabilitation. With the differentiated approach in downtown and outskirt of city, the city management is displayed with its effectiveness. In the meantime, for the case of Samcheok-si, located on the most southern part, the deterioration of the original downtown has been continued, and the complexes formed through the housing development on the outskirt also has shown to be relatively higher deterioration. The urban rehabilitation project around the original downtown has continued around the old downtown, but the urban characteristics is analyzed as not so high together with the continuous population decline issue. Through this study, the implication of this study is to analyze the analysis of urban characteristics of small and medium-sized cities and theoretical proposal on urban characteristics as well as forecasting the future thereto.

This research proposed a seismic strengthening technique of Pre-stressing Steel Frame methodology (PSF) for existing R/C buildings in order to enhance the connection performance and constructability. The PSF system, proposed in this study, is a type of strength-enhancing reinforcement systems to easily increase the ultimate horizontal shear capacity of R/C structures without seismic details. The PSF method increased the seismic reinforcement effect and constructability by separating the reinforcement H-frames into two parts for improving the integration of connections between the existing R/C frame and the strengthening member by using pre-stressing technique. Two test specimens of full-size two-story R/C frames were fabricated based on an existing domestic R/C building without seismic details, and then retrofitted by using the proposed PSF seismic system. Pseudo-dynamic testing was conducted to evaluate seismic rehabilitation effects, and the seismic response characteristics of the proposed system, in terms of the maximum shear force, response story drift, and seismic damage degree compared to the control specimen without strengthening frame. Test results revealed that the proposed PSF reinforcement system effectively enhanced the horizontal shear force, resulting in reduced story drift of R/C buildings under the maximum design earthquake level designated in KDS 41.

This study aimed to analyze the factors and characteristics of the built environment that affect walking as a criterion for evaluating the quality level of urban space. It examined whether various built environment characteristics, such as accessibility, diversity, connectivity, urban form and regional properties, which are known to promote walking through previous studies, actually affect pedestrian traffic. In order to reflect the specific properties of microscopic space for a large number of points, the 2010 floating population survey data of Seoul Metropolitan City, which provided detailed related data, was used. Therefore, pedestrian volume and comprehensive variable data were collected and analyzed for a total of 5,433points across Seoul. In addition, in order to precisely analyze count data such as pedestrian volume, Poisson Regression was used instead of OLS, which was mainly used in previous studies. As a result, the optimal model was derived by comparing and analyzing the models composed of various complex variable groups. In addition, if only a single effect on the pedestrian volume is considered, the variables related to public transportation accessibility have the greatest influence. This study is significant in that it analyzed the complex interrelationships and effects of the factors that promote walking activity and pedestrian volume.

This study performed to quantify material homogeneity in order to evaluate the properties of concrete by conducting ultrasonic pulse experiments and developing/applying homogeneity index algorithm. Parameters that can affect the homogeneity evaluation are recognized, and the homogeneity variation according to the influencing factors is investigated. In addition, the homogeneity variation according to compressive strength and age is calculated to check the material homogeneity sensitivity in the case of plain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete. The experimental results of steel fiber reinforced concrete show that the calculated homogeneity is proportional to the compressive strength and age. In addition, the surface treatment of concrete for compressive strength measurement affects the homogeneity, and the moisture content also affects the homogeneity. These relationships can be clarified in future studies by conducting experimental and analytical studies considering various variables.

In recent years, even in areas that should serve as bases for urban compactification, unused land, so-called idle space, randomly appears temporally and spatially. It can lead to a decline in the vitality of the area. This idle space can be classified into three categories according to the cause of its occurrence: facilities that are no longer used, surplus space, and space whose usage decreases depending on the time of day. The surplus space generated in the city center has a large floating population and is often used for community activities. This study investigated the intention to participate in the event for regional revitalization and its characteristics in train station square, an idle space in the city center. Based on the reason for participating in the event and interaction with other participants, this study focused on the requirements for the residents to communicate with others voluntarily. The finding of this analysis can be helpful in active and continuous interaction between residents in idle spaces such as public squares in the future.

Energy consumption in the building sector accounts for about 35% of the South Korea’s total, and several policies and new technologies, products for carbon reduction are being introduced into the market. Slat controlled blinds are a type of technology that can actively respond to solar radiation blocking and lighting load reduction by controlling the angle of the slats installed on the windows of the building. In this study, a conventional-type blinds and slat controlled blinds were installed in two actual rooms, and valid data for 74 days including illumination control were operated to determine the effectiveness of performance by control. The indoor illuminance range of the conventional chamber was about 800~3,400 lux, but the slat controlled blinds chamber was formed at 500~1,400 lux, so the illuminance was stably changed, and as a result, it was confirmed that lighting energy was reduced by 81.5%. In addition, due to the effect of blocking solar radiation by slat control, the cooling energy consumption ratio was reduced by 24.3% during the same period.