Earticle

The study aimed to grasp the lateral behavior of the structure elements such as slab, exterior columns and outrigger-belt truss in core and offset outrigger-belt truss system. For this purpose, a structural design of 70 stories outrigger-belt truss building was accomplished by making the use of MIDAS-Gen. And the key variables of this analysis study were the stiffness of outrigger-belt truss system and the outrigger position in planar structure. Utilizing the results of this analysis, we analyzed the lateral behavior of structure elements in core and offset outrigger-belt truss system. This paper showed that the stiffness of outrigger-belt truss and the outrigger position in planar structure had influence on lateral behavior of structural elements in outrigger-belt truss system. Also the results of research can give help in finding out the reasonable method for structural design of outrigger-belt truss system in tall building.

T This study extracted and presented stress factors through analysis for the causes of job stress of site manager at construction sites. To this end, we conducted workshops and interviews with site managers, and the following factors were extracted from the results. The stressors of the site manager were identified as the area of responsibility of the site manager, the area of relationship conflict, the area of budget management, the area of work culture, the area of safety management, the area of family conflict and the area of the organizational system. Next, the reliability and validity of the extracted factors were analyzed and found to be a significant result. And, this study intends to suggest the need for a follow-up study on the development of a measurement tool and the establishment of countermeasures suitable for the characteristics of work stress of construction site manager.

The purpose of this study was to present the relationship between the spread of infectious diseases and the characteristics of the physical urban environment. The study assumed that some parts of the urban uses are especially vulnerable to the spread of infectious diseases. The analysis process was limited to the area of dense disease transmission area in a study target city. Confirmed patients' visiting data to buildings and the building permit data were used for correlation analysis. The analysis results showed moderate correlations with correlation coefficients of equal or more than 0.4 (p<0.01) on the number of buildings, building areas, total floor areas, and floor area ratios in the uses of multi-family housing, overall housing, first-class neighborhood facilities, and education-research facilities within the distance range from 200m to 400m. The building areas of housing facilities, neighborhood facilities, religious facilities, education-research facilities, and accommodation facilities within the distance range from 200m to 1km appeared to be correlated with confirmed patients' visiting frequencies. The study results identified the specific characteristics of urban fabrics related to infectious disease spread and found the possibility identifying the focal uses for infection disease prevention.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of scene direction for each section of the tunnel by spatial storytelling and to provide drivers with a safe and enjoyable driving experience and increase driving comfort. In addition, this study is expected to serve as the foundation for the design development of the tunnel, which plays the role of a new medium to communicate with the driver. By the analysis, we found that compared to the past, there are some efforts to relieve visual fatigue and increase visibility to the driver through scene direction using various components of entry and exit area, entrance, and inside when planning the current tunnel. It is believed that the situation is limited only to functional interpretation focusing on facilities. In particular, the pattern design and color design that are repeatedly produced to emphasize only the location of the emergency exit from the inside is thought to be able to amplify psychological anxiety for drivers who stay in a closed and narrow interior for a long time. Therefore, to provide a pleasant driving experience for the driver in the tunnel while providing a pleasant driving environment, it is considered that there is a need to continuously seek an efficient design method that can reduce psychological anxiety.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the educational environment gap based on the educational performance in high schools in Seoul and the phenomenon of residential segregation based on individual income. This research analyses spatial characteristics of the proxy variable for the educational environment gap within the range of unit of the academic performances of high school students by using SAT scores and the income data of biz-GIS's on the phenomenon of residential segregation. The result shows that the phenomenon of residential segregation caused by the educational environment was clearly revealed. Second, the residential segregation is almost identical with the spatial distribution of educational environment gaps. Finally, the educational environment gap within the range of schools is a structural issue in society that is beyond the scope of one's individual abilities. As the results, this polarization constantly causes spatial inequality, so both policy and physical alternatives need to be implemented simultaneously to resolve it.

Large spatial structural system technology has been developed since the mid-20th century by applying technologies to various types of large spatial structures. In architecture, design can greatly improve the value of the structure. However, each large spatial structure has its own shape and size, making it difficult to apply directly to the design of large spatial structures, as there are many unpredictable elements, unlike ordinary ramen structures. In this paper, we aim to classify large spatial structures with different shapes around the world into five categories: gable, barrel, circular, oval, and stadium, and analyze the trends in large spatial structure design to explore related technology development plans in the future. The Lucas Oil Stadium was able to create a familiar and classic beauty using a gable roof, which is an advantage of simplicity and efficiency, and the New Safe Configuration was built with sliding barrel roofs for the safety of workers. Busan Asiad Main Stadium chose a circular shape that is advantageous for large spatial formation where thin members are used for the purpose of lightening steel truss structures, while the Joe & Rika Mansueto Library chose a functionally excellent oval method to secure space. It was concluded that large spatial structures require appropriate building technology depending on the purpose of use and the form of expression.

The apartment housing management policy was implemented to establish a pleasant residential environment by more professional and efficient management of the apartment houses, which occupy most of the modern housing types. Therefore, the apartment housing management ordinance must also have the normative content that contributes to eradication disputes or corruption in local governments, and a useful operation plan for the residents of the apartment houses. There is a limit to solving problems arising due to the high degree of redundancy of keywords and the special circumstances of the region by enacting and revising related ordinances an necessary in the apartment housing management ordinance of 14 local governments enacted so far. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of domestic apartment management, the establishment of the apartment management ordinance must be mad mandatory, and basic matters such as purpose, definition, and responsibilities must be specified. Next, separate ordinances related to apartment management should be integrated to raise the status of self-government laws. As the confusion of content acts as a cause of various disputes, the relationship between the local government and the basic government should be clarified. Lastly, it is necessary to conduct a professional audit through a method such as setting a certain period or opening additional related provisions rather than a formal audit of apartment management.

Design and construction technology of apartment building project is progressing, but the defect management has not been improved relatively since move in. At the time of construction completion, various finishing works are intensively performed, and similar defects occur repeatedly because systematic defect management cannot be performed due to lack of quality managers. In addition, precede related studies, it was carried out focusing on the establishment of defect management system, and analysis of relationship of defect occurrence factors (defect location, originalcause material, etc.) and specific defect cause was insufficient. From this point of view, the objective of this study is to formalize the combination of defect occurrence factors and propose the methodology of collaboration for defect prevention targeting 44 cases of defect screening. In order to carry out the purpose of this study, classification structure of defect cause and serial process of defect occurrence were considered, and relationship of defect occurrence factors for each priority management defect was analyzed. Based on related law and case study, we developed the linkage type of defect occurrence information involving defect judgment criteria for each priority management defect and proposed the plans of organization job assignment for main defect management.

Making a contract of small private construction works is very often disregarded important or subsidiary contract details which strongly recommended in standard contract sheet. To have a well fulfilled contract sheet with detailed agreements are very symbolic to promising their rights and obligations to each other until they meet the final objectives of completion, delivery, and receipt of construction payments. Therefore, a almost perfect contract give us less disputes for payments during construction or after completion of work. In this study, a logistic regression model was used to determine the effect of subcontract items from survey. The results show that contract sheet, design alternation and cancellation of contract are the most important contract conditions, and derived a logistic regression model for reducing a dispute between both personal contract.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improved architectural planning directions preventing infection disease spread vulnerable to infection via users’ walking at the bus terminal. The research finding the local spaces vulnerable to infectious disease spread is needed to effectively use the limited disease prevention resources at urban public facilities. This study used the user’s walking speed, the spatial distance vulnerable to infection, the possibility of infection, and surveyed pedestrian moving paths as simulation variables. The analysis result regarding walking with purpose showed high user density at the central escalator and ticketing zone. In free walking, the analysis result showed high user density at the boarding area, ticketing zone, and corridor. High user density is a part composing the vulnerability of infectious disease spread. In addition, the different walking types revealed the distinctive overcrowded spaces. Based on the derived study result, this study suggested the architectural planning directions for preventing disease spread.