Earticle

In this study, a seismic capacity of isolated electrical cabinet system was evaluated through shaking table test. A high voltage Vacuum Contactor Breaker (VCB) was selected, and developed seismic isolation system, which is consisted of 4 damper and 10 scattered ball-caster, for electrical cabinet. Damper was to resist lateral force, and ball-casters absorbed vertical shock energy due to up-lift. Ground motion was adjusted to the spectrum defined from Korean seismic test method for telecommunication facilities. To evaluate seismic behavior of specimen, three dimensional accelerations were measured at three points of cabinet system. The dynamic amplification factors are ranged from 0.83 to 4.19, which is lower than that analysed in prior research. Because of the light weight of cabinet, overall behavior is governed by overturning and induced large up-lift behavior was monitored during the excitation. Maximum lateral drift of slender side of cabinet exceed 75mm which is allowed maximum lateral drift in KS standard, but large lateral drift is due to rocking behavior of cabinet. So, the cabinet can maintain its function after two times of excitation.

As a completely new metropolitan area, Zhengdong New District ecological space has experienced a complete formation process of "planning - construction", the planning scheme also experienced abandon and regression of initial planning concept, which leads to a certain complexity. This paper combed the formation process of the urban spatial in Zhengdong new district, summarized the important factors that affect the urban space change through the analysis of the urban space characteristics of different versions of the plan, and put forward the mechanism of urban space formation at the level of planning management.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the seismic performance and to investigate the cause of the damage of H school main and new buildings by nonlinear dynamic analysis. The dynamic response characteristics of the buildings with/without masonry walls were analyzed. The parametric analysis was performed with concrete compressive strength, shear reinforcement and reinforcement yield strength. The results of the study were showed as follow ; (1) Full masonry infill wall improved the seismic performance in the in-plane direction and behaved like a frame in the out-of-plane direction. (2) Shear failure of the structure occurred in the actual damages, but the analysis result showed the governed flexural behavior in both main and new buildings. (3) As a result of evaluating shear strength with concrete compressive strength, Y1, Y2 columns showed the shear governed behavior below 9MPa in the main building and all columns showed the flexural governed behavior in the new building. (4) As a results of the parameter study with reinforcement yield strength, all columns governed shear behavior over, yield strength 300MPa at concrete strength 7MPa and 330MPa at 9MPa in main building, and Y3 column governed shear behavior over 300MPa in new building.

The purpose of this study is to grasp the perception of the local public interest of location and external space in three Myeon pulic offfice. The results of the study are as follows : First, in the case of publicness, A type concentrated on the center is able to utilize the external space through centralized arrangement, to secure the scalability of utilization, to participate in residents in the process of arranging new public facilities, Satisfaction was relatively high due to the increase of meeting in the use process of local residents due to centralization of facilities. However, the type B, which is the isolated type around the periphery, and the type C, which is the outer type alone, were relatively low. Second, the factors related to the publicness related to the publicness of the outer space of the Myeon public office were found to be appropriate location considering the connection with surrounding facilities and space for the rest of the local residents. The type B, which is related to the outskirts and surrounding facilities, appeared to be a constitution capable of outdoor events such as local residents and residents' participation in planning of external spaces. Type C, which is an independent type, is analyzed by composition of various external spaces for residents' community activities and external space structure considering characteristics of adjacent streets. Third, in the case of the Myeon public office in the center of the rural area, it should be maintained at the existing center as much as possible, so as to accommodate various functions, securing multi-use space through sharing of external space through centralization, opening of shared space and conversion of external space to a walking center system It is necessary to secure the public interest. However, in the case of the outsourced single - faced non - standard Myeon public offices, it is necessary to strengthen the connection through the intensification of the additional facilities and to transform the town into a center for open.

This study is aimed to examine the local image in subway canopies focused on subway line No.1 Daejeon City in Korea by analysing subway canopy design and emotional response considering geographical language. For this purpose, this study investigated cases of 22 subway canopies of Daejeon City, and then the problems and solutions were presented through the four factors of forms, materials, colors, and lightings in design. As a result of questionnaire survey, the needs for canopy design are suggested and the sensitivity for canopy design related to local image is relatively high. The emotional response is higher to students and ordinary persons in natural geographical language such as 'Daejeon'(related to field), 'Gapcheon'(related to stream), 'Guam' (related to rock) subway, while higher in the busy subway stations to experts who are intensively interested in the canopy design considering geographical language.

With the upcoming era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, big aata has been constructed in various field. Especially in transport sector, tremendous passenger and vehicle trips are collected as a navigation big data. Through navigation data, previous spotted traffic volume and speed data contribute to establish traffic volume and speed data in national level. Established transport raw data in national level lead to various processed data such as mobility data, carbon dioxide(CO2), air pollutants etc. This research utilize geographically weighted regression model in order to analyze correlation between area type (residential and business area) and air pollutants (CO2, CO, PM-10, NOX, VOCs) in the city of Seoul. The research outcome describes low correlation between environmental indicators corresponding to navigation data related to vehicle trip and area type (residential and business area). Therefore, a following study is required to analyze correlation between environmental indicators corresponding to transport navigation data and socio-economic indicators rather than spatial features. Moreover, a comparative study between general regression model and geographically weighted regression model is necessary for in-depth analysis.

There are various tests for measuring the strength of concrete structures affected by fire. Actually, one of the most reliable tests is a destructive test using the drilled concrete core samples after fire. The non-destructive testing methods (NDT) such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method also may be apply to estimate the concrete strength, especially when there are problems related to obtaining core samples. This paper describes the strength estimation of concrete subjected to high temperatures using UPV (ultrasonic pulse velocity) method. Cylindrical concrete specimens of 18MPa, 24MPa, 27MPa and 35MPa were exposed to 2000C, 4000C, 6000C and 8000C, respectively. Compressive and splitting tensile strengths after exposure to high temperature were investigated using destructive test and non-destructive test (UPV method). Test results indicated that the obtained decreasing rates of concrete strength up to exposure of 8000C by destructive test are very similar to decreasing rates of UPV values. It can be concluded that the UPV method, non-destructive test, can be used to estimate strength of concrete subjected to high temperatures without damage of concrete structural members due to fire damaged core samples.

Recently, with the development of information and communication technology, efforts have been made to integrate BIM and augmented reality technology into maintenance. The augmented reality is worth to be introduced because it has advantages of visualization and interaction. In order to introduce augmented reality into the maintenance that most of the work takes place in the indoor environment, it is essential to track the exact position of the user. this study suggests a location tracking method for indoor environment using iBeacon technology and the PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm for optimal location. The parameters required for the proposed PSO location confirmation algorithm are presented through various experiments and the accuracy is verified by applying it to the actual indoor space. The result shows that the smaller the measurement result space, the smaller the measurement error and the smaller the standard deviation. The iBeacon-based location tracking technology can be applied sufficiently to provide the necessary information at the location where the user is located, rather than the task of checking the accurate location of the maintenance work.

The research purposed to analyze and study the lateral behavior of high-rise outrigger system considering floor diaphragm. For this aim, a structural schematic design of 80 stories building was performed with the major factors of structure analysis such as the diaphragm type, the outrigger position in plan, the stiffness of shear wall, the stiffness of slab and the stiffness of outrigger, using MIDAS-Gen. Based on the result of this analysis, we analyzed and considered the lateral displacement distribution in top level and the stress distribution in slab. In this paper, it is indicated that the type of diaphragm, the location of outrigger in plan, the stiffness of shear wall, the slab stiffness and the outrigger stiffness had an influence on lateral behavior in core and offset outrigger systems. And the study results can be useful in gaining the engineering data for searching the lateral behavior of core and offset outrigger system in the tall building.

Applicability of vision-based dynamic displacement measurement system was evaluated to measure displacement caused by buckling under load on pipe. In order to analyze the accuracy according to the height of pipes, the height of carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes and Steel pipe supports is set to 0.5m from 2m to 4m. Dynamic Displacement Vision System (DDVS) method is used for vision-based displacement measurement and ROI (Region Of Interest) is set to track to solve the problem that the target deviates from ROI when displacement occurs. The displacement obtained by DDVS method is compared with the displacement measurement results of LVDT (The Linear Variable Differential Transformer) which is the contact displacement sensor. The square of the correlation coefficient ( R2 ) was used as the method of analyzing the error, and there is very little error regardless of the height of error.

The purpose of this study is to provide practical architectural planning by considering the columns as a building element that integrates all the horizontal members as the starting point and the structural basis of the plan. As a research method, i studied about the number of columns and correlation with other members based on a review of the modern meaning of the columns, the result is as follows: First, a single pillar implies a central role in the space located while containing abstract symbolism, the two columns developed in the opposite sense are easy to set up while forming a 'Transparent membrane', the three columns serve as induction and boundary by forming an 'Invisible membrane'. In the arrangement of columns, it is possible to form a dual space emphasizing ‘The aspect of the inducing space’ where the direction of the pedestrian and the flow of space cross each other. Second, in relation type of horizontal plate and column, ‘the cantilever type’ emphasizes the horizontal flow space formed by the railing and the ceiling plate, ‘the independent type’ emphasizes the expansion of the vertical space, ‘the cross type’ forms the static space. Finally, The type of relationship between wall and column based on one wall is discussed in terms of the variety of space composition that can be changed for columns arranged in x, y and z axes. As mentioned above, this paper can contribute to the fact that i have studied the planned aspects of columns which can be practically used in architectural planning.

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a new curriculum that breaks away from the existing education programs is needed to cultivate men of talent for this new industrial era. In this regard, this study aimed to develop innovative curriculums that can be applied to the capstone design of architectural engineering at universities in Korea. To this end, it analyzed the operational status of the capstone design curriculum of domestic universities that operate engineering certification education programs. In addition, it examined educational innovation cases of advanced universities at home and abroad, and analyzed other studies related to educational renovation. Based on the analysis results, it developed the capstone design curriculum of architectural engineering that can be applied to domestic universities. The curriculum was developed into two contents: operating method and syllabus. The method which has been commonly applied to domestic universities was adopted as the operating method. The syllabus was developed by applying flipped learning and design thinking theory, which has widely been dealt with in advanced universities and recent studies. In addition, the curriculum was developed in the form of a prototype to meet the conditions of each university for its efficient utilization.

This study is to identify how sensual perception occurs according to the Adolf Loos’s gender cognition in the interior space of Adolf Loos's residential space and to examine its characteristics. For the study, 16 works are selected, with literature and images to identify finish material properties. The research was conducted by organizing the meaning of cladding and dwelling which are the main concepts of Loos, and then examining the sensual perception characteristics of Loos's apartments and houses at a visual and tactile level with his gender cognition. The results are as follows: 1) The architectural ideas of Adolf Loos also show these characteristics. His cladding theory assumes masculine outer walls and feminine indoors. This is accomplished by spatial experience by sensory perceptual elements. 2) He set a symmetrical visual axis in the public rooms. And limitations of the viewing angle using devices that can weaken the visual axis - such as setting back, discordance of accessing axes, and reflection by a mirror. This is considered to be a setting for arousing senses other than vision. 3) On this basis, Loos defined the gender properties of the cladding materials through the degree of rigidity, color and texture. After that, the masculine material and the feminine material were integrated by reinterpreting the properties of the space and the characteristics of the user. This is the nature of the architectural representation of the unification of masculinity and femininity that was developed at that time.

The purpose of this study is to derive the architectural characteristics of the National Gugak Center through case studies of the National Gugak Center. The scope of this study is three National Gugak Centers located in the provinces among four National Gugak Centers in Korea. The method of the study is carried out on the site visits and interviews of the National Gugak Centers. The results of the study are as follows First, the National Gugak Centers have focused not only on the spread of traditional Korean music but also on the culture and arts of the region. Second, when considering the continuous excavation, succession, and development in the region, the educational space has become more important than other cultural arts fields. Third, because the National Gugak Center conducts educational and training programs as well as performances, accommodation facilities and various facilities are provided. Fourth, the National Gugak Center is classified into large concert hall and small concert hall and as the presentation of the members is central, the use of the small hall is more significant than the large hall. Fifth, the exhibition space for publicity and educational purpose of National Gugak Center is mostly installed in the lobby of the performance hall or hallway.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of mid/low-rise reinforced concrete(RC) pilotis buildings in terms of core locations. So called “Pilotis” configuration usually characterized by a open-first-story for use of parking or reception lobbies. A seismic point of view, structural system of open-first-story is very weak from earthquake because the open-first-story only subjects lateral deformations. In this study, seismic performance assessment of two different pilotis buildings with the core wall at center and the core wall at extreme corner is carried out. Response Spectrum Analysis (RCA) and Linear Dynamic Procedure (LDP) analysis were used to evaluate the seismic performance. As a result, it can be stated that the location of core in pilotis RC buildings significantly affects the resistance of structural members subjected to earthquake load.

In Jeju Island, Protestant churches have begun to be built mainly in coastal villages where people are crowded and traffic is convenient. The time for the establishment of a church and the construction of a church in the mid-mountain villages where access is difficult is late. The protestant church in Jeju Island rented a private house or warehouse when it was founded, and later built a church with a building in Choga(草家), Waga(瓦家) and stone. Especially, in the 1970s, cement brick or block church was built mainly, and in particular, the church began to be built with reinforced concrete. There are currently about 30 Protestant churches in Jeju Island, which were built in the 1950s and 1970s, and about 10 Catholic buildings(the Secondary Stations of Catholic church) at the same time remain. There is also a church that has a the reinforcing post for structural stability, resulting in a solid feel and a face-shaped split effect as well as a structural role. In the 1950s and 1970s, the Protestant Church in Jeju Island had the value of architectural history in connection with the dissemination of Protestants in the early Jeju.

The random dynamic forces experienced by structure due to wind are caused primarily by the turbulence in the approaching flow and motion of the structure. In the paper, fluctuating wind velocity for time history analysis are simulated by multi-dimensional random processes using KBC2016 spectrum about along-wind direction and across-wind direction. This paper analyzed and obtained the dynamic response for structures modeled multistory two-way unsymmetric system. The numerical results, obtained by the Newmark-β method, shows the time-history responses and trends of maximum accelerations and displacements by applying various core position. In the paper, the values of dynamic reponse to considering the effect of core position.

Jeonju Hanok Village has been formed from Chosun dynasty. And it has been constructed from Japanese colonial era earnestly. There are 800 housings in that district. And there are 500 Hanok housings in there. It is one of the traditional Hanok village and representative sightseeing city in Korea. But nowadays it is changed and lost it’s authenticity, identity and architectural characteristics by excessive commercialization. The purpose of this is to investigate about the original characteristics of Hanok structure in Jeonju Hanok village and re-establish that of the Hanok housings. To carry out this study the regulations of the Hanok structure in this district unit are studied intensively. The field survey about the original and existing structure of the Hanok housings are done. And the questionnaire survey are carried out to the residents and the general public citizens about the suitable hanok structure. And a space experimental test is conducted on which structure is suitable. And the regulations of the Hanok structure in other district unit are compared to that of Jenonju Hanok village. The conclusions are as followings; The survey on the current structure of the Hanok housings are consisted of 11% for three dorees, 88% for five dorees, and 1% for seven dorees. In a questionnaire survey of suitable Hanok structure, 53% of the general population and residents answered. In the space experimental test, 34% of the respondents answered three or five dorees of Hanok housings are appropriate. So it is concluded that five or less dorees of Hanok housings are appropriate Hanok structures in Jeonju Hanok village district.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the activities of 16 village communities in Dong - gu, which is the first urban regeneration area in Busan, from various points of view. In addition to the enactment of the Urban Regeneration Act of 2013, urban regeneration has begun to be vigorously centered around the old city center. Currently, the Urban Regeneration New Deal project is selected as the nation's major policy project and is being implemented nationwide. The analysis framework of this study is as follows: first, the quality factor elements of good quality of life of Larry Lyon and Robyn Driskell; second, three factors of community composition; The last four are the views of R. Sherry Arnstein on Eight Rungs on a Ladder of Citizen Participation. In terms of the quality of life, community activity can be assessed as satisfying six factors. I looked at how the present community meets the quality of life. From the perspective of the three elements of community formation, I have looked at the area, the common ties, and the social interaction. According to the evaluation standards of excellent community activities of Busan Urban Regeneration Support Center, there are six kinds of evaluation: residents participation, community sustainability, necessity, publicness, achievement, and ripple effect. Finally, from the perspective of R. Sherry Arnstein 's Eight Rungs on a Ladder of Citizen Participation, I evaluated 16 communities. These characteristics, which have been identified through multi - faceted evaluation of community in Dong - gu in Busan, have a great impact on the formation and activities of community in many urban regeneration areas in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the characteristics to the elderly residents in 35 households in deteriorated residential area. Through the interviews and field surveys, floor plans including arrangement of electronic appliances and furniture was made. According to the composition of the public space inside the residential space, the types of houses were classified. This distinction includes characteristics such as the number of residents and the size of the residence. The next step is to analyze the relationship between the arrangement of furniture and household appliances in the elderly living space and the utilization behavior of the elderly. The results of this study are as follows: First, characteristics of furniture arrangement and usage of home appliances are derived according to the type of living space of the elderly. Second, these results suggest improvement of the problems that may arise from the residence behavior of old people.

This thesis discusses the following points in the process of reconsidering the old architecture that is becoming a major problem in recent years, as well as in finding ways to utilize it as a private place and public place in today’s architecture. First, through discussions on the thingness inherent in architecture as part of the process of separation from architecture, I have argued that a part of the architecture that already contains the value of things can have a lasting meaning, with Charles Jenkins and Nathan Silver’s aspect. Second, the capacity of these things has been discussed for a long time in art, and based on this, it is argued through Rafael Moneo’s view that such a discussion is necessary in architecture. The third also argues with Rafael Moneo’s view is that it is necessary to consider architecture as a thing together with its type and context.

Recently, the frequency and magnitude of earthquakes are increasing worldwide. In Korea, the Gyeongju earthquake (2016) and the Pohang earthquake (2017) caused structural damage to many buildings. Since Korea's seismic design standards were revised to three or more stories in 2005, five-story buildings built before the revision are not designed to be earthquake-resistant. In this situation, if strong earthquake occurs in Korea, there will be great damage. To prevent this, seismic retrofit of buildings should be necessary. The seismic retrofit of classical method is mainly used to reduce the displacement generated in the structure by strengthening stiffness and strength. However, since this method increases the base shear force of the structure, it is difficult to apply it to buildings which have weak foundation. Therefore, in this study, we propose the damper system that reduces the response displacement of buildings and suppresses the increase of base shear force by using high damping rubber and steel. And the seismic performance of the damper system is verified through the experiment and the seismic analysis of the structure.

This study aimed to develop a scheming method suggesting CCTV camera positions. School is considered as a public space vulnerable to crimes including violence. The effort made simply by a certain group of user cannot control all crimes occurring at school. Crime prevention through environmental design known as CPTED is an effective way to improve crime safety in school. Enhancement of surveillance is one of the major strategies for achieving CPTED. This study suggested an algorithm to generate CCTV camera positions on the basis of evaluation of fitness. Fitness was obtained through the computation of four variables including normalized visit frequency, normalized visibility, number of nodes detected by CCTV cameras and number of CCTV cameras. A method searching proper CCTV camera positions was implemented at visual programming environment provided by Rhinoceros 3D, Grasshopper and Ironpython. The method using Genetic Algorithm for searching process can also provide the information regarding the spots and areas detected by CCTV cameras. The implemented method was applied to an elementary school floor plan. The simulation result presented CCTV camera positions, detected nodes and maximum fitness as per the number of CCTV cameras. It also showed the number of CCTV cameras maximizing the fitness.

Nowadays, architects have sought variety of approaches to discovering a geometrical algorithm in nature and speculating new architectural forms. This study aims to establish the direction of the actual architectural design process based on the theoretical research of architectural design process using the properties of crystal. It is meaningful that the research may lead to in-depth and diverse form finding speculation in the morphological aspect. Furthermore, it is crucial to create unexpected architectural forms. In this study, the geometrical feature and material properties of crystal focusing Pyrite were analysed and applied from the initial stage of design to the final architectural implementation stage. The specific process to develop this is divided into four stages: investigation and analysis of crystal, prototype form, single crystalline space and implementation of crystal architecture. The new form finding is not an architect's creation, but an architectural form that is discovered within the algorithm, the design language inventory, and the materiality reflecting direct and indirect investigation and analysis of the crystal. It is anticipated that this study will prove invaluable reference, help architects and design professionals speculate unpredictable form finding, which is followed by the continued crystal analysis and application to architecture design.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the architectural characteristics and spatial structure of aged care facilities representative of residential welfare facilities for the elderly and to provide information necessary for the construction, extension, and renovation of aged care facilities. The study subjects include ten aged care facilities located in Seoul. The methods used for the study include literature review and spatial structure analysis from the perspective of space syntax. The findings are as follows: Due to their architectural status, most of the aged care facilities are located in areas classified as general residential zone. Among them, some small-sized facilities underwent zoning change for operation while medium to large-sized aged care facilities underwent new construction or extension for operation. Aged care facilities, except for J case, are three stories or lower, and the sun orientation in private space point not only southward but also northward, westward, and eastward. In terms of spatial composition in aged care facilities, space for private, public, medical and maintenance purposes comply with legal requirements in general, but large facilities are more diverse in the composition of their public space. Furthermore, large facilities, owing to their spatial structure, had lowest mean spatial depth in space for movement. Integration was highest in space for movement and maintenance in small aged care facilities and in space for maintenance in medium-sized aged care facilities. Control was highest mostly in space for movement in all aged care facilities.

The purpose of this study is to derive implications for urban regeneration resources by analyzing the characteristics of cases and improvements in urban landscape formation, focusing on recycling Industrial heritage projects that have been promoted since the late 20th century. Followings are the summary of the study results. First, as a result of looking at advanced use cases by type, industrial heritages are used primarily as part of urban regeneration and are recognized as strategic footholds. In addition, industrial heritages have varied development behavior and use depending on location or types(building, street, district). Secondly, the visibility of urban landscape was captured to be the construction of a new landscape using its location characteristics, and there are active improvements such as improving the surrounding environment or vertically expanding the building type. Functionality has been shown to create a pleasant walking environment to enjoy landscape or to provide a viewing facility. It applies mainly by providing a pleasant environment through overall improvement due to the characteristics of the street type. Historicity can be felt for the future beyond preservation. It is strongly shown by the ratio through the expansion of the type of building. Culturality presents as a public space for local use and environment, and an active improvement about cultural space is seen through most cases.