Earticle

This study focuses on small-scale housing renovation projects in Seoul. The street-housing renovation project is a concept that goes beyond the conventional one-dimensional urban renewal, which has primarily focused on improving the physical environment. It was introduced as a means to shift housing renovation policy from large-scale to small-scale projects and from capital-centered to resident-led development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the street adjacent to the project site and its surrounding environment to determine how the scale and form of buildings have influenced the urban environment before and after the project. Based on this analysis, the study aims to derive implications for improving future street-housing renovation projects. The case analysis revealed that issues such as high-density urban residential complexes, lack of connectivity with urban infrastructure, and inadequate walking environments still persist. Therefore, it is necessary to take a comprehensive approach based on the concept of urban regeneration to assess the overall impact of the project.

This study examines the locations and surrounding environments of 20s~30s youth housing to determine whether they align with the needs of young residents. Unlike previous research, which emphasized the quantitative expansion of youth housing supply, this study takes a qualitative approach by assessing housing sites from the residents’ perspective. Using QGIS 3.22, the study identifies discrepancies between the locations of 20s~30s youth housing and the concentration of youth single-person households. The findings confirm that 20s~30s youth housing is more frequently located in commercial areas than in general residential zones. The study further categorizes 20s~30s youth safe housing by type and conducts an accessibility analysis and a resident survey across 16 case sites. The study’s results indicate that, in line with the original purpose of youth housing in station area, 20s~30s youth housing sites provide generally fair accessibility to public transportation. However, location preferences and desired facilities within walkable distance vary depending on age and marital status and whether residents have children. The selection of 20s~30s youth housing locations should take into account road conditions, infrastructure, and site-specific attributes, highlighting the necessity of youth housing policies that reflect the actual needs of young residents, rather than relying solely on supply-driven policies through new construction. This research is significant in that it examines the transition from youth housing in station area to 20s~30s youth housing in underdeveloped areas, thereby offering valuable insights and policy recommendations for the strategic selection of future youth housing locations.

Recently, as diversity has been emphasized throughout society, interest in and need for barrier-free spaces has also increased. In Japan, the HeartBuild Act (Act for Promoting Easily Accessible Public Transportation and Facilities for the Aged and the Disabled) has been implemented since 1994, and the revised Barrier-Free Act (Act on Promotion of Smooth Transportation, etc. of Elderly Persons, Disabled Persons, etc.) has been implemented since 2006. Although installation is not mandatory for all buildings, installation is recommended for many building uses. In particular, in buildings with much daily use, barrier-free measures such as eliminating steps or installing handrails are often introduced out of user consideration. Such barrier-free measures are often arbitrary barrier-free measures that do not follow guidelines. The general perception of barrier-free measures in society is centered on wheelchair users, and in such cases, people with visual impairments may have difficulty using them. This study organizes the characteristics of barrier-free use implemented in society from the perspective of the visually impaired. As a research method, interviews are conducted with various types of visually impaired people to investigate the contents of information collection necessary for finding directions or living in daily life and comparative analysis of cases of spaces used in daily life. The purpose is to derive the current status of barrier-free and necessary tasks from the perspective of the visually impaired.

By assessing the importance of spatial components, the research seeks to introduce the idea of a cultural ecosystem to the agricultural and seafood wholesale market in Cheongju City, which is a relocated site and an innovation district for urban regeneration, given that culture reflects public interests and has shown potential to positively impact urban regeneration projects. For the assessment, we first selected components of innovation district and spatial components of cultural ecosystems. The selected components were compiled and consolidated to the spatial components of a cultural ecosystem applicable to the innovation district. Expert surveys were prioritized in importance via an AHP. The results were as follows: first, the parking lot ranked highest, reflecting current issues arising from the downtown nature of the land selected for the relevant innovation district. Second, building exterior space components, such as walking space structure and open space, also ranked high. This indicates that the innovation district should factor in the balance and connection between indoor and outdoor spaces to and open space. Third, building interior space components, such as experience and commercial spaces, ranked similarly in the prioritization. This indicates that the innovation district must serve as a cultural complex that facilitates a virtuous cycle of creating, consuming, and distributing cultural content. This research suggests the need for an innovation district to include cultural aspects that reflect public values, structured by the organic integration of cultural facilities.

The Yeongdo District of Busan is facing a severe population decline, accompanied by a significant number of vacant buildings. Population and buildings are key elements of spatial utilization. Identifying and studying declining spaces is crucial for exploring their regeneration and transformation strategies. This paper, based on 100m × 100m grid population and building data from Yeongdo District collected between 2014 and 2024, analyzes the spatial changes in detail and categorizes them into five types: Growth, Cluster, Renewal, Decline, and Stable. The results indicate that spatial decline is intensifying in Yeongdo District. Specifically, the proportion of growth and cluster spaces has significantly decreased, while the proportion of decline spaces has increased substantially. Meanwhile, stable spaces occupy a high proportion, raising concerns about their potential transition into decline spaces. This paper also examines the characteristics, causes, and development strategies for each space type. The study suggests that, in the context of urban shrinkage, blind pursuit of population growth should be avoided. Instead, the challenges posed by population decline should be addressed through spatial optimization, improving social sustainability, and enhancing residents' quality of life to promote the region's sustainable development.

The linear and point-like residential buildings, which emerged alongside the rise of urban architectural trends in French residential architecture, are tasked with constructing traditional urban spaces by occupying the periphery of urban blocks while preserving the characteristic forms of modern architecture as geometric objects composed of thin planes. This requires a search for methods for composing both internal and external spaces, as well as the building envelope, in ways that allow for the independent organization of urban and residential spaces facing each other, while also ensuring the protection of private spaces from public areas. Salomon proposed a linear residential building that incorporates a multi-layered spatial structure to articulate urban and residential spaces into multiple thin spatial layers, each assigned a differentiated urban or architectural role, thereby ensuring the independence of individual spaces and facilitating a gradual transition between them. Salomon's multi-layered structure, which enables continuity, differentiation, and articulation between internal and external spaces, can be applied to architectural and urban space compositions that involve conflicting spatial types. It also represents the result of integrating and reinterpreting historical legacies, such as modern architectural spaces, classical architectural envelopes, and ancient urban infrastructural elements.

The Dutch architect Aldo van Eyck developed the architectural concept of the "Twin-phenomenon" through his study of primitive civilisations. The Twin-phenomenon refers to the concurrent manifestation of two opposing phenomena with a complementary relationship. The Roman Catholic Church in The Hague was the first religious building designed by Van Eyck after he developed this concept. This study analyses the manifestation of the Twin-phenomenon in the Roman Catholic Church in The Hague to understand how Van Eyck expressed sacredness in religious architecture. The study focuses on the three specific methods proposed by Van Eyck to express the Twin-phenomenon concretely: Intuitive pattern formation, structural analogy, and formation of the in-between. The findings show that the church manifests four dualities of the Twin-phenomenon: inside-outside, boundary-boundless, part-whole, and order-chaos. These four dualities of the Twin-phenomenon manifest within the church space and do not depend on specific forms or functions. Instead, they encourage users to perceive sacredness through direct interaction with the space.

The architecture of SANAA employs both literal and phenomenal transparency to segment building masses and facilitate communication with the surrounding environment. However, this strategy can be problematic in facilities such as residential buildings, where privacy is crucial. This study investigates how the contrasting goals of transparency and privacy protection are balanced in SANAA's residential buildings. Four houses designed by SANAA were analyzed using one-point Isovist analysis, focusing on the view of pedestrians passing by on surrounding streets. The analysis revealed common characteristics among the case houses. Each house was carefully arranged with multiple segmented units to maintain privacy in the rear spaces without requiring additional design interventions. These buildings emphasize transparency, resulting in their division into multiple units. As a result, it becomes easier to block views into rear spaces. Subsequently, the case houses can be categorized into three main strategies for privacy protection. First, the Moriyama House and the Okurayama Apartments minimized exposure to the outside by carefully adjusting window placement. Second, the Seijo Townhouses adopted a programmatic approach by designating the exposed front area of the first floor primarily for guest rooms. Third, the Shakujii Apartments implemented a new strategy in which all spaces were initially designed to be obscured by curtains, with transparency occurring only when they were opened. These findings indicate that SANAA’s buildings are not merely shaped by aesthetic considerations but are instead the outcome of a deliberate effort to balance transparency with the practical need for privacy. This also provides a critical reflection on the increasingly closed nature of contemporary urban residential buildings.

Ensuring a supportive childcare environment in urban low-rise residential areas requires the integration of childcare-friendly neighborhood-type urban regeneration and community-based cooperative childcare. This study aims to propose strategic approaches to enhance cooperative childcare systems and foster sustainable urban regeneration. Employing a mixed-methods approach of literature review and survey analysis, the study presents the following key findings. First, childcare in these areas should go beyond basic support to reduce economic burdens, improve access to information, and strengthen parental networks. Second, policies must address age-specific needs and promote parental involvement. Third, effective cooperative childcare requires educational programs, use of public facilities, and community spaces such as play and sports areas. Fourth, continued government and municipal support is crucial for infrastructure, efficient space use, financial stability, and collaborative initiatives. This study contributes to childcare-friendly urban regeneration by proposing policies and practical measures for a sustainable, inclusive cooperative childcare environment.

This paper presents a study on the stress comparison analysis of steel arch structure and gable frame structure in Jeju Island. In this paper, the study is limited to steel arch structure and gable frame structure with hinge support, steel yield strength of SHN275 and wind load of Jeju Island. The Steel arch structure and gable frame structure with the rise-span ratio as variables were analyzed. An analysis of the steel arch structure and gable frame structure was carried out by MIDAS Gen/w program. The conclusions obtained from this study on the stress comparison analysis of steel arch structure and gable frame structure in Jeju Island are as follows. First, The higher rise-span ratio of the steel arch structure was the lower the combined strength ratio, The combined strength ratio of gable frame structure was irregular regardless of rise-span ratio. Second, The combined strength ratio of the steel gable frame structure was 8~15% higher than the combined strength ratio of the steel arch structure when the rise-span ratio was 0.2 or higher. Third, It was found that the steel arch structure is the more efficient to minimize the size of beams and columns than gable frame structure.