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The establishment of emergency medical services and evacuation systems can be said to be part of a direct effort to reduce human damage in disasters and emergencies. In this regard, countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia define and utilize the concept of an assembly point from a variety of disaster situations, and domestic discussions on introduction are progressing in stages. There is a lot of discussion regarding the location selection of shelters, but the development of location selection criteria and methodology must be preceded in order to successfully link the function of the assembly point and the establishment of the evacuation facilities including the existing shelters. This study aims to develop a methodology to minimize transfer time by assembling paramedics and local residents to the appointed place in case of an accident. In addition, it aims to develop a technique for physical positioning of the assembly point to achieve this purpose. According to this research objective, the criteria for physical location selection of assembly points were derived, and a methodology for selecting candidate sites was developed to improve emergency medical services in densely populated areas.

Port cities gradually declined as the existing port functions became obsolete and idle amid the rapidly changing urban development process. Accordingly, much effort was made to revitalize the port area and the old city center adjacent to it. However, redevelopment, which lacked the connection between the old city center and the all-round development method, resulted in a disconnection between the port and the old city center. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for mutually complementary growth of port space and urban space. To this end, a space that can act as a buffer between a port and an urban space, that is, the 'Port City Interface', is analyzed for the urban spatial aspect (Accessibility and Publicness) and the programmatic aspect (Sense of Place and commerciality) through character analysis of the "Port City Interface" that can serve as a buffer between the port and urban space. Based on this, problems and implications were derived through analysis of domestic cases (Inner Port of Gunsan Port, Inner Port of Incheon, North Port of Busan) and overseas cases (Liverpool of UK, Bilbao of Spain, HafenCity of Germany) selected as the study sites.

This study conducted an analysis to identify the difference in strength before and after reinforcement of steel perforated beams using the finite element analysis program. In addition, the efficiency compared to the amount of reinforced materials and load ratio was compared as an indicator for evaluating the overall efficiency considering economic feasibility along with the increase in the strength of steel perforated beams. It can be seen that the increase in reinforcement does not necessarily increase in strength depending on the type. In the case of the same reinforcement, it was found that there was a standard for the reinforcement that was optimal for the reinforcement efficiency. The results of this study are believed to be used as basic data for the development of economic reinforcement methods through the optimization of reinforcement efficiency along with the strength reinforcement in the steel perforated beam system.

This study was designed to identify the current status of remodeling in Korea and problems in the implementation of remodeling through a case study of the apartment remodeling promotion complex and to present solutions to problems for the smooth implementation of remodeling projects. To this end, the cooperative managers of the project promotion complex were investigated for problems in the project implementation, and realistic problems in the remodeling-related laws and the approval procedures of the current process were derived. In order to propose a solution to such problems in the promotion of remodeling projects, the remodeling process of private apartments in Japan, which has stabilized the remodeling market, was to be comprehensively compared and analyzed to seek the direction and system of the process. Based on this, the following conclusions were drawn: First, measures should be devised to ensure efficient communication between the union and the residents, and secondly, an institutional basis should be laid to relieve the uncertainty of business due to procedural problems in the current process. Third, regulations such as rational improvement of the safety review method and compulsory compliance with the period required for approval are required. In addition, the institutional basis for government-level remodeling support measures, low-interest financial support measures, and tax breaks should be prepared to address economic constraints necessary for remodeling projects.

In this study, the composition of concrete mixed with waterproofing agent was analyzed. Four specimens were prepared for the experiment and they were investigated through SEM-EDS analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The research results are as follows. First, the most detected ions are four elements such as Ca, Si, Al, and Mg. There was no difference in component properties according to the amount of waterproofing solution. Second, there was a large difference in pores between concrete without waterproofing agent and with waterproofing agent, and the pore size of the specimen with waterproofing agent was relatively small. Third, as a result of SEM-EDS analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis, the most common component in concrete was CaO, followed by SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO. The reaction between Ca ions and other Si, Al, and Mg ions was considered to be the main factor in the waterproofing effect by reducing the voids of concrete.

This study compared and analyzed the indoor pollutant equation and CFD simulation to verify and validate the indoor pollutant prediction method based on complete diffusion in school classrooms. To solve indoor air quality (IAQ) problems, air cleaning and ventilation systems are mainly used for school classrooms. In classrooms with a large amount of air with ventilation and air cleaning devices, it is believed that the indoor pollutant prediction method considering complete diffusion can be applied. In this paper, to remove CO₂and PM2.5, the pollutant balance equation for improving indoor air quality is reviewed. The concentration of PM2.5 is more affected by the air volume of the ventilation device than the air cleaning device. As a result of applying the CFD simulation, the change in the concentration of CO2 is affected by the air volume of the air cleaning device. The CFD analysis results are almost similar to the analysis results based on complete diffusion, although errors of 3.57 to 7.69% for the PM2.5 concentration and 8.31 to 13.95% for the CO2 concentration are shown. In the case of interlocked control of ventilation and air cleaning devices, reliability is higher.

This study investigated the seismic performance of external RC columns with concrete-filled steel tubes. Through the experiment, the behavior of strengthened column subjected to cyclic lateral load was evaluated. From the test results. the strength, ductility, energy dissipation and equivalent viscous damping ratio for seismic performance were determined and evaluated. The applicability to seismic performance prediction was verified by using the fiber model analysis and comparing it with the performance results from the experiment. As a result, the prediction of load-displacement curves were found to be quite similar to the test results.

In this study, specimens, designed by reinforced concrete infilled shear wall using the advanced seismic retrofitting technology, were constructed and tested to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete buildings subjected to earthquake-tpye loadings, Six-story existing buildings, applying the advanced seismic retrofitting technology were carried out to evaluate the seismic performance based on performance design. In the evaluation of seismic performance of the existing reinforced concrete buildings using the advanced seismic retrofitting technology by the performance based design, as a result of nonlinear static analysis of reinforced concrete structures, the story drift angle in the x- direction showed up to 16% reduction when applying the advanced seismic retrofitting technology(RWXHC) compared to before reinforcement.

In this study, a test specimen was prepared to analyze the waterproof performance of concrete with waterproofing agents. The necessary construction procedure was determined in first, and the change of the relative humidity by the time variable according to strength, hydraulic pressure and cover thickness was investigated. Experiments were conducted to obtain basic data on materials and construction methods of waterproofing agents. For the analysis of waterproof properties, the change of relative humidity of each test specimen was relatively compared. The conclusions of this study are as follows; In the case of concrete mixed with a waterproofing agent, good waterproof performance can be secured by increasing the compressive strength and cover thickness. Additionally, in case of concrete designed with relatively high strength, if the water pressure is not high, it is concluded that moisture penetration does not exceed a certain range for concrete with a certain cover thickness. At any case, it is necessary to make and use accurate construction guidelines for using waterproofing agent.

As the life cycle of a building is prolonged, as interest in the maintenance field increases, guidelines related to building maintenance and safety inspection are being revised, and accordingly, the management and sustainability of the building are becoming important. At the urban level, the safety level of major facilities in the city is derived through safety checks performed at specific times, and accordingly, safety checks are conducted periodically to maintain and manage city facilities. However, this is insufficient as an intuitive support tool for integrated management of urban facilities. Accordingly, the current 3D map was constructed for the building and the degree of deterioration was colored. Therefore, this study aims to present intuitive data to support urban administration decision-making by expressing the building deterioration obtained through the risk calculation formula that considers social factors other than the structural factors of the building already derived through safety inspection, etc. on the same map. Accordingly, by comparing and analyzing the safety rating derived in advance for the same building and the risk obtained through the risk calculation formula obtained through the research, the possibility of the risk that could be overlooked in the existing method and the effectiveness of the deterioration calculation formula were verified. In addition, while developing a scenario that can support the decision-making of urban administration managers, a scenario in which continuous integrated building maintenance can be achieved was derived. The risk calculation formula derived through this study is expected to be applicable to other cities as it was derived through analysis of general factors according to the specificity of Daegu City. If so, it is expected that detailed building deterioration calculations taking into account regional specificity will be possible.

A combined damping device combining two types of damping devices is being developed to cope with various magnitude of earthquake. Thus, in this study a wall-type hybrid damping device that combined with a steel slit damper and rotational friction damper was proposed and the reinforcing effect was analyzed through a real RC-frame experiment. As a result of the real RC-frame experiment, stable hysteresis behavior was performed within the story drift ratio corresponding to the target performance and the maximum strength of the reinforced specimens was greater than that of the non-reinforced specimen. Cracks in reinforced specimen appeared to be smaller than non-reinforced specimen, and the amount of energy dissipation was also greater than that of non-reinforced specimen. Comparing the results of the precision structural analysis, the hysteresis was similarly simulated, but the hysteresis after yielding point was different from the experimental results that the analysis results showed a ductile behavior.

The purpose of this study is to propose BIM library object classification method for the unit space applicable to domestic railway stations through analysis of BIM libraries of overseas railway facilities. Railway stations that serve as transportation facilities are designed for identical unit space to maximize the efficiency of the space. Therefore, it is necessary to establish BIM library system adapted for the unit space of the railway station through the case of SLC BIM design of Hong Kong railway station. In this case study, the unit space of the railway station is classified into passenger facilities, station service facilities, support facilities and transportation facilities, and the BIM library system is divided into architecture model, mechanical ventilation and air conditioning model, hydraulic, drainage and sewage model, fire service model, electrical model and Special Station Systems Model. Based on this case analysis, the BIM library system has been re-established so that it can be applied to the design for unit space of domestic railway station.

The various forms of architecture result in the cube of its circular, triangular, and square, in particular cube, which has been most widely used for the reason of its utility of rational space utilization. However, research on the diversity of forms based on this is very rare. Therefore, this paper is a study on the diversity of building form based on cube, and the purpose of this paper is to provide data that will be a reference to the design of the building shape considering the urban context. As the review of the study was feared to be limited to diversity only in its form, it was based on the five linear figures presented by Henri Ciriani in the city's fragmentary theory to emphasize the consistency of the original figure's purpose and to seek more detailed forms to respond to the context around the site. The method of study sought diversity by dividing the cube into the x, y, z axis and cross-applying the horizontal and vertical three-dimensional changes of the figure and the changes of fill and emptiness. As a result, various spatial expansion features were found by the upper and lower bifurcation while maintaining the characteristics of the types and figures that could emphasize the original characteristics of the figures. Also found three-way figures missing from Henri Ciriani's five figures, and explored shapes in which a single figure could have two properties. Based on cubes, this study of about 150 forms may be meaningful in that it can be applied to more diverse forms of design suitable for the situation around the site, with variations in the ratio of the mass's bowel, rotation, connection, and opening and closing.

This study empirically analyzed the types of urban public facilities that affect accessibility to high schools. Based on the classification of public facilities in prior studies related to urban public facilities including schools, the types of urban public facilities were classified and analyzed among the facilities shown in the Seoul city data. By looking at the types of urban public facilities located within the radius of the school unit, and in detail, in terms of accessibility to high school and the location of the school according to the urban public facilities, which city public facilities are high We analyzed whether it affects accessibility. In the case of accessibility within the school district, the fewer office workers and research center facilities, the more academy and bus stops, the easier the access within the school district became.In the case of the overall accessibility of Seoul, the more office workers and research institute facilities, the fewer academies and bus stops, the easier access within the school district. . In the case of housing and youth facilities, the accessibility within the school district and the overall accessibility of Seoul was the same, but the more houses and youth facilities were found to improve accessibility. This was a statistically significant result, and through regression analysis, it was possible to confirm the types of urban public facilities that improve accessibility to high schools. The factors that determine accessibility are that the supply of facilities is for the convenience of users. In addition, increased supply of facilities means improved accessibility. Therefore, it is possible to explain the effect on the accessibility of urban public facilities, which affected accessibility, by referring to the theory that explains the quantitative supply level of public facilities. A school is a property that can be operated in a fixed location for more than 100 years and is characterized by immovability. It is also a type of urban public facility that is difficult to move around as demand increases. Therefore, it can be said that accessibility to high school is determined by urban public facilities that cause housing movement depending on the environment around the school.

This study demonstrates the development of thermal performance visualization to support design decision making in the early design stage. The objective of this study is to provide the thermal performance results from the building performance simulation tool using Object-Oriented Physical Modeling (OOPM) into Building Information Modeling (BIM). The suggested method allows stakeholders to enable use the BIM tool as a common user interface to visualize the building performance simulation results. To implement the method, 1) a specific BIM tool and its Application Programming Interface (API), and 2) a building performance simulator of OOPM, Modelica Buildings library. Also, an external database is adopted to maintain the building performance simulation results from an OOPM tool. To demonstrate the research method, a prototype called the thermal energy performance visualization (TEPV) is created, which translates the simulation results stored in the external database into the specific parameter in the BIM tool. TEPV enables the thermal energy performance results to be visualized by color-coding building components in the BIM models. The thermal energy performance visualization using TEPV facilitates that stakeholders explicitly inspect the simulation results at the early design stages.

The paper experimentally investigates the seismic performance of a damaged RC wall repaired and strengthened by using Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM). The TRM combines mesh fabrics with cement-based mortars, and thus it has outstanding properties of high tensile strength, ductile behavior, and low layer thickness. To enhance the durability and adhesion capacity of a repaired and retrofitted specimen, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is mixed in mortars and injection-type chemical anchors are utilized. The seismic performance of the RC wall specimen repaired and retrofitted with the TRM, is evaluated through a static cyclic test and compared with those of the intact RC wall specimens. The test result shows that the ultimate displacement and ductility ratio of the retrofitted specimen significantly increase compared to those of the intact specimens. Therefore, it is concluded that the repairing and retrofitting method using TRM for RC walls could be an effective solution to restore and improve the structure capacity of damaged RC walls.

This study aims to build an efficient recovery system for the failure of service of customers living in apartment houses in the aspect of apartment housing industry. Through this, the study tried to find out the qualitative growth and strategic implications of the apartment housing service industry market by examining the relationship between the quality of apartment brand-consumer relationship and customer behavior intention. In order to conduct the study, data were collected from 203 residents of apartment houses located in Busan and Gyeongsang area, and frequency analysis, validity and reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis were conducted with SPSS WinVer.18.0 and AMOS WinVer.18.0. First, the hypothesis 1 was adopted as a result of verifying that 'recovery justice of residents in apartment houses will have a positive effect on the quality of brand-consumer relations'. Second, Hypothesis 2 'Recovery justice of residents in apartment houses will have a positive effect on customer behavior' was verified. Third, Hypothesis 3 'The quality of brand-consumer relationship of residents in apartment houses will have a positive effect on customer behavior' was verified.

Building winds are a phenomenon that occurs mainly in cities where high-rise buildings are concentrated, creating strong gusts around buildings, causing discomfort to pedestrians or negatively affecting the living environment of local residents and the building itself. Building winds create gusts that usually make pedestrians feel uncomfortable. This is more influential in extreme situations such as typhoons, and is causing a lot of damage, especially in areas around skyscrapers. In this study, strong winds during the 9th typhoon of 2020 were measured from pedestrian height in areas surrounding the skyscraper with a height of 411.6m, which consists of three buildings located in Haeundae. Results were then obtained through comparison and analysis of observational data, and building wind hazard areas in the observed areas were reviewed.

This study presents an alternative to the swelling and exfoliation defects of the coatings that frequently occur at waterproof sites. Through the construction of the static agitation, the rapid hardening membrane material is intended to reduce swelling and exfoliation defects of the coating material by making porous film materials with water vapor permeability. After the construction of the super fast-paced coating material with a static agitation, the comparison of water vapor permeability with the existing coating material showed that the water vapor permeability was about twice as high. As a result, KS F 4922 (Polyurea resin waterproofing membrane coating) was tested on porous super fast-paced coating materials and found to have secured above-standard performance.

This study targets base facilities that were created as the first year project of Sanbokdoro-Renaissance in Busan and for which 3 years of operation supports were terminated. It focuses on the characteristics of facilities, operation evaluation through the constituent elements of village creation, satisfaction analysis and relationship analysis through questionnaires. The research results are as follows. First, it is necessary to discover operational education programs and resident’s various participation programs. Second, it is necessary to establish an intermediate support organization that can continuously derive specialized local resources through integrated collection and village history archiving. Third, for the efficient operation and management of infrastructure, it is necessary to establish a multifaceted integrating management and operational governance by establishing a cooperation system between the public and private sectors. Finally, it is proposed to establish continuous profit structures through linkage between base facilities such as services, materials, and events as well as programs for marketing strategies.

Since 2010, the number of housing construction permits and completion cases has increased due to a surge in the number of people entering Jeju Island, and the supply of apartments in Jeju area has also increased during this period, especially in the natural green area due to the lack of existing housing sites in Jeju City. However Since 2017, the number of completion cases has also decreased as population inflow has been on the decline, showing a pattern similar to net population movement. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the characteristics and patterns of tenement houses during ten-year through a study of tenement houses in Jeju, which experienced the changes in living environment and real estate due to the rapid changes in population. The project aims to present the direction and basic data of the future study of tenement houses in Jeju through research on the layout characteristics of tenement houses in Jeju city district.

Foreign countries such as United States and Japan have settled detailed procedures and standards for assessment of availability of buildings and prevention of human casualties caused by secondary disasters, for the initial responding phase right after earthquake. But when it comes to Korea that suffered relatively less earthquake casualties, the procedures and quantitative standards for post-earthquake safety evaluation by structure type are insufficient. Furthermore, risk of steel structure buildings can be quantitatively evaluated by story drift angle caused by earthquake, but domestic studies on standards of story drift angles by performance levels do not take account of variable axial force which is caused by actual earthquake. Therefore, in this Study aims to propose reliable story drift angle which can evaluate the safety of post-earthquake steel structure building, by calculating the value of variable axial force weighed on ten-story scale building, based on equivalent static force analysis method of Korea building code(KDS 41 17 00:2019). The result of flexural-compression test of steel beam-column members under variable axial force showed the fact that, the domestic standards for story drift angle are overestimated by neglecting variable axial force. Therefore, this study newly suggests story drift angle and residual story drift angle by performance level, considering the deformation capacity reduction by variable axial force.

This study attempts to examine the characteristics of the living spaces of Japanese mansion in a nearby country that experienced westernization and modernization first, and how to establish the relationship between the overall room and living room or entrance through the plan type of each household. In other words, I will analyze the privacy and bathroom culture in the flat unit, and the spatial connectivity of the corridor, along with the differences in residential culture, and consider and analyze it from a spatial perspective. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the bathroom space, which originated from the unique bathing culture related to privacy, is mainly arranged near the entrance with the distinction between dry and wet spaces, and the traditional tatami mat is applied as a basic module to the present residential space. . In addition, the privacy of the family unit is divided into a separate door in the corridor, so that the living room and kitchen space are located independently. Through quantitative analysis, the ratio of bathroom space to the total area is kept constant, indicating that Japanese preferences and demands for bathroom space are superior to other spaces. Through the analysis of various unit plans, it was confirmed that the small-scale, multi-kind production method, which is more compact than Korea, is reflected in the housing supply policy.

In Korea, various youth policies based on the Framework Act on Youth in 1991 and the five-year plan for youth development since 1993 have been implemented. In particular, due to the establishment of the implementation of the free semester system for middle schools since 2016, more comprehensive education support system has to be implemented for physical education, hobbies, and leisure activities emerging as an urgent task. As a realistic alternative to systematically supporting various educational environments of youth in the local community, we focused on the possibility of urban youth centers, especially those installed in local med-sized cities. After itemizing and analyzing the most important planning elements for planning youth training centers, we applied them to the urban centers of the actual local med-sized cities to carry out the design of the case project, which was the basis for the direction setting and development potential of urban youth centers in the future plans. The results of this study are described as follows. First, the essential elements of planning for urban youth centers can be divided into three main elements: first, hardware elements represented by space utilization, facility composition, etc., second, software elements represented by various guidelines in terms of design, such as layout, architecture, and eco-friendly, and finally practical elements concerning the operation and utilization of facilities. Second, it is very important for planing a real case project, based on accurate data such as statistics, to establish the scale of the facilities predicted for future changes, and to set up a program that responds to the needs of consumers and communities. Third, for building exterior planning, privacy and security, safety of vehicles and pedestrians, and establishment of relationships with surrounding local facilities are important. And in the building interior plan, it can be seen that securing legally mandated basic facilities, planning trendy spaces to support diverse needs of youth, and planning variable spaces that predict and preempt future changes is also very important. Fourth, there are important contents that should be reflected in the plan, such as planning specialized facilities tailored to the conditions of the community, linkage with local education and youth facilities, and operation of demand-based practical programs involving experts, which should also be appropriately reflected in the plan of the facility.

This study proposes a construction method reinforcing with composite mortar using Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA) used as an environmentally friendly noise reduction material in Korea and other countries, POSS nano complex (Polyhedral OligomericSilses-quioxaneS) and wire mesh. A total of 12 specimens were produced according to slab thickness, wire mesh diameter, and ratio of reinforcement material in order to evaluate the strength of the composite concrete slab specimen produced using the proposed construction method. The final form of destruction, performance against force, and strength and malleability were evaluated based on the flexural compression, and a calculation equation of the slab reinforced with wire mesh and composite mortar was analyzed by comparing the values of the experiment and the values of the calculation equation proposed by existing theses.