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This research analyzes empirically the structural relationship among intellectual capital components such as human capital, structural capital and relational capital, and organizational performance in public R&D organizations. The measurement indices were developed for intellectual capital and performance : they were 10 factors and 37 indicators for intellectual capital and 2 factors and 5 indicators for organizational performance. They were confirmed statistically reliable. From this survey research, using the structural equation model, it was found a cycling relationship among three components: human capital causes structural capital, structural capital causes relational capital, and relational capital causes human capital. And it was also found a causal relationship between intellectual capital and organizational performance : human capital→ structural capital→ relational capital→ organizational performance. In the analysis of relative importance on organizational performance, the variables such as customer’s satisfaction, brand value creation activities, research planning activities, intellectual competence, interdependence, etc. were confirmed as an important variables affecting.

The university have provided a various infrastructure of employment support for increasing the percentage of employment. This study explored a relationship between a various infrastructure of employment support and the percentage of employment. Colleges of university provided a difference of infrastructure. Network by this relationship was formed. A structure of formed network explored with SNA(social network analysis). The results was explored a difference structure of social network and a difference relationship between budget and a percentage of employment. A result of simulation was a effect of budget by a difference structure of social network.

Recent studies have shown that technological cooperation, patent application and industrial convergence played a critical role to create firm-level creative innovation activity. Using Report on the Korean Innovation Survey 2010 (Manufacturing Sector) and Paten Dada Base, this paper presents an empirical examination of the relationship between these three factors and firm-level creative innovation activity in Korea. However, our result of analysis shows that firm-level creative innovation activity is not created merely by increasing the degree of these three factors and but by co-working with proper cooperative partners, making valuable patents in quality and doing strategic convergence to get necessary technologies. So we can say that partner of technological cooperation, quality of patent application and strategic behavior of industrial convergence are major determinants to induce firm-level creative innovation activity alternatively.

This research is to verify whether shared leadership affects on employee engagement and the moderating effects of resilience. Through result of inspection, the shared leadership does affect on employee’s job commitment and organizational commitment. When seen from a practical side, fixating shared leadership at organization(at organizational level) plays an important rollon improving engagement of organizational members on account of diffusion & exhibition of shared leadership which affects strong positive correlation on the employee engagement. And also the moderating effect of resilience appeared between the transactional shared leadership and job commitment, transactional & delegating shared leadership was from organizational commitment. Transactional shared leadership is related with a fair evaluation, delegating shared leadership is related with adequate compensation; so that the resilience is needed when the problem occurred from those two factors.

Trade volume between Korea and EU has increased steadily. However, most of the freight is transported by sea route via the Suez Canal. So, the purpose of this paper is to compare and evaluate possible routes including new routes. This study proposes a combined entropy weight and TOPSIS method for competitiveness analysis of International transportation routes between Korea and EU. In the paper, Entropy method is used to determine the weight of each evaluation criteria and TOPSIS method is used to rank a finite number of feasible alternatives in order of preference and then evaluate routes. We considered 6 alternatives of routes and 3 criteria (total transportation distance, period and cost) that can compare all alternatives. According to result of analysis, route 6(Arctic route) is most economical, followed by route 1, 4, 5, 2 and 3. The result shows that new transportation routes are competitive than others.

The proposed design method minimizes bias, i.e., an average time to signal for the shift of process from the target value (ATS) curve, as well as it applies a VSI method to an attribute control chart for detecting a process shift efficiently. First, the results of the factorial experiment obtained by various parameter circumstances show that the VSI control chart using nearly unbiased ATS design provides the smallest decreasing rate in ATS among other charts for all experimental cases. Second, we illustrate that the control limits on the VSI control vhart using Shewhart method cannot satisfy false alarms when control parameters are small. This problem causes process over-control, unnecessary costs increase, and changeful factor. While, about all parameter values, a nearly unbiased ATS design satisfies restrictions for given false alarm. Third, we represent that a process change is rapidly detected when short sampling interval  approximate to min . In addition, the change of the sampling interval may not influence in a set of control chart parameters. Fourth, we demonstrate ATS curve has large bias establishing the parameter of VSI control chart using the Shewhart method. However, the proposed design method for the development of a control chart robust of sample size and control parameter size. Finally, We present an optimization model that may efficiently provide optimal ATS values for process parameters in a steady state, and that may efficiently establish parameters of correct control chart by supplying an optimization algorithm.

The Aim of this study is to find out the characteristics of SMEs, that has higher success ratio of technology development and extract implications not only for practitioners but also government policy. The Study used cross-sectional data of 2,807 SMEs in manufacturing sector from “Survey on SMEs Technology & R&D 2011” which was conducted by Korea Federation of Small and Medium Business and Decision Tree Analysis as a methodology. The result shows that Firm should develop R&D operation strategy and action plan with considering the level of industry’s technology. Firm in high and medium technology must secure an exclusive R&D department and over 3% R&D expenditure on total sales, while in low technology must secure IP protection law and equipments for R&D in the firm. For SMEs supports by government, it can provide a guideline to evaluate which firm will use government’s support more effectively and efficiently, when compare the characteristics of target firms and technologies with this study results.

This paper introduces a new load balancing algorithm and a method of estimating the performance of the load balancer in a network composed of a multi-server sharing the entire load such as cloud computing. A load balancer collects newly arrived traffic in batches and distributes the batches sequentially. A discrete-time Geo/G/1 queueing model having a heterogeneous two-phase service mode with a fixed-size batch is applied for designing the optimal load balancing rule. The stationary queue length and regeneration cycle length are derived so that the long-run average cost function of a load balancer could be analyzed. A numerical example also illustrates the process of finding the optimal threshold value that minimizes the work load of a load balancer.

The aim of this study is to find out the relationship between innovation inputs and the effect of innovation inputs on innovation outcomes, and furthermore empirically prove whether innovation outcomes lead to firm performance. To achieve this, we categorized innovation inputs working as success factors in corporate innovation practices into ‘top management leadership’, ‘innovative organizational culture’, ‘innovation operating system’, and defined innovation outcomes as ‘process innovation’ and ‘product innovation’. 182 innovation experts working for POSCO affiliates were surveyed for the data collection. The results of the study are as follows. First, top management leadership had a positive effect on the creation of innovative organizational culture and the establishment of innovation operating system. Second, innovative organizational culture did not affect innovation outcomes such as process innovation and product innovation. Third, innovation operating systems had a positive influence on innovation outcomes consisting of process innovation and product innovation. Finally, innovation outcomes had a positive impact on firm performance.

The educational porductivity mobility of Korean, English, Mathematics during middle school years was analyzed using Korean Education Longitudinal Study(KELS) data. The results show that Mathematics had the highest and English had the lowest mobility, and male students had higher mobility than female students. Mobility between the first and the second year was higher than between the second and the third year in Korean, and between the second and the third year was higher than between the first and the second year in English and Mathematics. The lowest grade(grade 5) had higher mobility than the highest grade(grade 1), English had the lower mobility then Korean and Mathematics for highest grade students, and Mathematics had the highest mobility for lowest grade students. Male students had lower mobility in both the highest and the lowest grade. The implications of the results were discussed.

An error correction model is used for examining the factors to affect labor productivity. Results show that public R&D is positively related to productivity, and public R&D long-run elasticity is greater than its short-run elasticity. However, we did not find any significant effect of private R&D on productivity. Openness to trade and ageing have significant long-run effects on productivity while they have insignificant short-run effects. The long-run effects of unemployment rate are slightly greater than short-run effects. The role of public R&D is important to enhance productivity. Planners need to have a long-run plan to enhance productivity. By utilizing time series, this is the first study to examine the dynamic effects of public R&D stock and private R&D stock and other factors(structural change, openness, unemployment rate, and ageing) on labor productivity.

This study examines the contribution of firms' open innovation strategies to R&D efficiency at the firm level. R&D efficiency is measured by using Data Envelopment Analysis. Then Tobit regression identifies the effect of open innovation strategies - R&D outsourcing, external funding and introduction of foreign technologies - on R&D efficiency. Results imly that R&D outsourcing strategy is very effective to improve R&D efficiency and large-sized enterprises and low technology industries have larger effect than the others. On the other hand, external funding fails to improve R&D efficiency even though it contributes to expansion of R&D scale. Last, introduction of foreign technologies has negative effect to R&D efficiency in large-sized enterprises and low technology industries.

There has been many researches of the term structure of interest rates in theory and empirical studies. No researches has been performed in the forecasting comparison of models. This paper first attempts to compare various Vasicek types of interest rate models under the risk neutral measur. Our research is different from Chan et al (1992). Chan er al (1992) compare models under the physical measure. Our paper compares four types of Vasicek models; pure Vasicek, damped Levy Vasicek, damped Levy diffusion Vasicek and finally jump diffusion Vasicek (Das and Foresi). We use GMM for estimation and forecast. We propose new orthogonal moment conditions which are different from Longstaff and Schwartz (1992), and Chen (1994). From our empirical results, we find that short interest rate and yield data in KTB(Korea Treasury Bond) have fat tails and skewness, but the small jump Levy models have more explanatory power than the large jump models. In the view of performance, damped Levy diffusion Vasicek model and Das and Foresi model have good forecasting abilities.

This study is intended to explore the effects of meteorological information on the aviation operation area. Most studies concerned with the valuation of meteorological information for aviation area have analyzed the flight cancelation or delay caused by meteorological factors with respect to the results rather than the internal processes. However, the aim of this paper is to deduce the causal relationship between the meteorological factors and the setbacks in the aviation operations through the proposed process analysis, which examines the errors during the decision-making process on the decision of flight cancelation or delay from the meteorological factors. The data related with the aviation operations of Gimpo airport and the meteorological data obtained in the domestic airport area during 2011 were adopted in this paper. We analyzed the data through three stages, i.e., basic statistical analysis, process analysis and evaluation of economic value. The result showed that the meteorological information could enhance the efficiency of the decision-making about the aviation operations.

Urban economic development in Chinese cities is expected to be driven increasingly by forces of global and local interactions. Driven in large part by these competitive forces, Chinese cities are now competing and collaborating to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper represents an attempt to examine the industrial clustering and the role of inter-regional relationship in Qingdao development zones by examining the degree of local and global supply linkages and technology transfer. One of the most significant characteristics and unique features of China’s urban and regional development policy is to attract foreign direct investment focusing on the role of different forms of development zones selected as “growth centres.” In order to achieve success with this strategy, it is essential to foster supplier linkages and technology transfer within the regional economy. Company case studies in the Huangdao Economic and Technological Development Zone and Qingdao Hi-tech Industrial Park confirm the important role of inter-firm relationships between foreign firms and local Chinese firms. The study concludes that inter-regional collaboration succeeds only when there are particular kinds of inter-firm or intra-firm relations and under the impresses of territorially-based systems of governance.

In this study, the influencing relationships of collaborative activities between large enterprises and SMEs to the performances of new product development by SMEs are identified based on the cases which focused on SMEs that had executed new product development projects with conditional purchase options. In the literature review, open innovation theory is particularly examined to strengthen the importance of technological innovation of SMEs and their internal and external innovation capabilities. In this study, the reasons why the new product development is not connected to sales in spite of high success rate of new product development projects by SMEs were comprehensively identified by evaluating performance, breach of contract purchase agreement conditions, market uncertainty, insufficient support of testing equipments and security leaks of SMEs. And therefore, these results imply that the efforts of participating companies in the projects (large enterprises and SMEs) and the efficient policy plans could make the optimal win-win ecosystem which leads to strengthening the collaboration performances between large firms and SMEs.

This study investigates the income smoothing of public enterprises. To examines whether public enterprises have earnings management. we employ the research method of cross-sectional histogram, which used by Burgstahler and Dichev(1997) and Song et.al(2004), According to Leuz et al.(2003), we analyze whether privatization (listed or not; closed or privatization) schedule impact earning smoothing of public enterprises. In this study, several features of public enterprises’ income smoothing are documented. First, we find that public enterprises tend to smooth earnings by using method of cross-sectional histogram. Second, the results show that there is significantly positive relationship between listed public enterprises and income smoothing. It means that listed public enterprises have less income smoothing which implies that public enterprises have more institutional monitoring and higher audit quality relative to unlisted counterpart. However, public enterprises and privatization schedule have no significant relationship with income smoothing. Additional analysis shows that for listed pubic enterprises or privatized pubic enterprises the relationship is significantly positive. This is consistent with that listed pubic enterprises or privatized pubic enterprises have less income smoothing. This study contributes that the study is the first empirical study on the public enterprises’ income smoothing behaviors.

Technology transfer and commercialization is significant to improve enterprise competitive power and enhance national competitiveness. Korean government designated lots of public and private technology transfer institutions for activation of technology transfer and commercialization. The paper analyzed why the performance of institutions for technology transfer and commercialization in Korea is not so satisfactory compared to the developed countries' technology transfer institutions such as IRC, INTIS, NTTC, APCTT and STPL. In this paper, we proposed some suggestions to improve productivity of Korean technology transfer and commercialization as follows: (1) Development of Customized technology and transfer for small and medium sized enterprises, (2) Modification of performance evaluation indices for government funded projects, (3) Introduction of open Innovation system in technology transfer and commercialization, (4) Motivation for qualified patents development through adopting of a reward system, (5) Exportation of patents not in used to abroad.

Recent housing market has been diversified. Supply of the Mixed-use Apartments and Urban-life housing is increasing. Apartment’s sales ratio is an important factor in terms of policy and housing projects. Similarly, Mixed-use Apartments and Urban-life housing are also important. And expected data as sales rate is essential in these business. For this study, the influence factors were investigated and analyzed the trend by regression model based on the actual sales data. This study disclosed that the configuration of the initial sales prediction model is difficult. And cumulative sales trend of three types of multi-attached house taking the shape of the log curve was verified. Also the initial sales rate of three types of multi-attached house has similar patterns. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the practical aspects of business management.

This analysis is to compare the overall and sectoral Korea’s BOP of service trade to Japan’s and analyze their competitiveness of service industry by comparing market share and revealed comparative advantage(RCA) index of both countries. It also tries to find and compare the determinants of service trade in both countries and points out its policy implication. Korea has its comparative advantage in transportation sector(freight and passenger transportation) while Japan has it in other transportation, and other service sector(business service, royalty license, private culture and entertainment service etc.) Export of both Korea and Japan is shown to be positively related to GDP growth of their corresponding trade partner. In Korea, it is positively related to Won-Yen exchange rate in travel sector as expected, while negatively related to it in passenger service sector. However, in Japan, it was shown to have nothing to do with the exchange rate. Export of both countries is not related to their relative prices as well. In case of import side, most of the import service by sector is positively related with their own GDP growth. Won-Yen exchange rate diminished the imports of travel and passenger service in Korea, while it lowered the imports of same sectors as well as freight service in Japan. Relative prices has positive effects on the imports on overall service, transportation (passenger and freight service) and other service in Korea, and on the imports of overall service, transportation (passenger service) and travel service in Japan.

Michael Kremer analyzed the existing gap in income and wage between more advanced countries and less advanced countries with the help of complementarity in skilled labor. Kremer argued that the marginal productivity of one worker will improve when he or she works with a high-skilled labor. Consequently, firms using more complex production process will try to hire more skilled labor in order to complete the production tasks successfully. This study employs the main idea of Michael Kremer's research in order to explain the existing differences in R&D activities across countries. We argue that there exists complementarity among research personnels in R&D projects. That is, the R&D projects are likely to be successful when researchers work with other highly skilled researchers. It is thus important for research institutes to hire more scientists and engineers with better research skills in order to increase the success ratio of R&D activities. This study sheds some light on R&D policies that affect successful completion of national R&D projects.

This study examines whether there is any difference in the stock price impact of the appointment or dismissal of outside directors for Korean firms depending on the quality of corporate governance structure. Using the event study and t-test methods, we found several interesting empirical results as follows. First, the appointment effect of outside directors on stock prices was negative just until a few days after the event date, but afterwards stock prices rebounded. The appointment of new directors has no significant effect on stock prices, but the reappointment of old directs has a significantly positive effect. Second, the announcement effect was differential depending upon the quality of corporate governance structure. So, the effect was significantly negative for Korean firms with inferior governance structure. Third, the dismissal effect of outside directors on stock prices was not significant, and the regular dismissal had no impact, either. However, the dismissal during the term of office negatively affected stock prices. In particular, firms with poorer corporate governance showed much larger drop in stock prices, possibly due to the information asymmetry problem. To conclude, Korean firms with inferior corporate governance have faced negative stock price impacts from both appointment and dismissal of outside directors. Therefore, it implies that they should take preemptive measures to improve corporate governance structure. In addition, firms with sound corporate governance should also retain independent outside directors in consecutive terms.

In this study we estimate the progress or regress of the production frontier of the Korean savings banks for the period of FY2001-FY2009, by applying the Free-Disposal Hull method. We also analyze the effect of percentage of shareholding and types of largest owners, along with loan risk and other characteristics of savings banks, on the frontier change of the industry. Results show that the production frontier of the industry has improved significantly since FY2002 up to FY2006, and about 15-21% of banks had contributed to the progress of the frontier. However, the number of savings banks contributing to the progress has decreased since FY2007. We also find that savings banks with lower level in the percentage of largest shareholder and non-performing loan ratio, and higher level in BIS capital adequacy ratio, corporate loan ratio and secured loan ratio, have contributed to the progress of the frontier in the industry.

The bill to obligate the mandatory retirement at the age of 60 passed the National Assembly in late April, 2013 and awaits implementation in 2016. In transition to the low-birth and aging society, the discussions on aging human resources have witnessed a turning point with the revised bill. With less than 2 or 3 years to prepare for and settle down the new retirement age system, we also have to maintain and upgrade the competitiveness and productivity of enterprises. Thus, we have to mobilize the wisdom and efforts for a win-win game between management and labor. This study sheds light first on the in-and-out realities faced by the aging society and then on how much our society (government, enterprises, trade unions, etc.) has prepared up till now for the foreseen new retirement age and what path we will have to take in the coming years. In particular, In seeking a paradigm shift for the aging human resources in our enterprises, this study tries to present a general direction upon the two poles of labor management and human resource management system.