Earticle

This study was conducted in order to enhance the productivity of a packaging line of a Kaoliang Spirit factory in China. With the use of comparative methodology using a computer-simulated technique for comparison of various alternative models, the packaging line selected as the test subject was able to display a relatively superior alternative to the existing model. Alternative 1 was formulated in accordance with the concept of line balancing and the re-allocation of workers with no significant changes in that it was done in consideration of the re-distribution of the work time that was already put into use, which was dictated by the company's regulations on line formulations; which states that the inspector should be separated from other processes to ensure the maintenance of a certain degree of product quality. Alternative.2 was formulated, all the conditions remaining the same except this time disregarding the company's regulations on line formulations-when put into comparison it proved to be the most productive alternative by showing the highest product output, decreased waiting time and low work-in-process level. The research showed that the company's regulation on line formulation proved to be that main cause which was holding down the level of productiveness of the packaging line of the Kaoliang Spirits factory the research selected.

This study conducted a panel analysis to examine the influence that regional finance had on the growth of Korea’s regional economy since the Asian financial crisis in 1997. The findings are as follows. First, in Korea, a region’s total factor productivity is not affected by the number of branches. Education level and government expenditure per worker by region showed a negative (-) relationship with total factor productivity. Second, both general banks and special banks contributed to the scale and scope of the regional manufacturing industry. In addition, government expenditure per worker and the size of loans made by branches of special banks showed a negative relationship. That is, the financial channel was not efficiently managed, which hindered investment in regional companies and minimized their productivity.

Despite substantial number of cases on the certificate system, there is scant literature concerning the effects of certificate system on perceived benefits and certification success. The purpose of this exploratory paper is to investigate the effects of internal and external motivations of certification application on performance and certification success in the Korean green certificate system. Based on the theoretical arguments of institutionalization theory and resource-based view of the firm, we identified two types of motivation(internal and external). Then, we classified participating companies into four types based on the magnitude of each motivation; Green Company, Ritualist, Passive Resistor and Early Adopter. Furthermore, we analyzed how the four groups differ in terms of perceived benefits and certification success. Data were obtained from a sample of 325 Korean firms. The results demonstrate that the internal and external motivation play a key role in the perceived performance and certification success. Especially internal sources of motivation affected more positively on the performance of Green Certification implementation than external ones. The model on relationship between motivation and perceived performance, and certification success is also supported on the Korean green certificate service.

Recently as the competitiveness and market responsiveness of the companies which have their own production facilities has declined, the cases of using local production companies are increasing. Especially global electronics manufacturing service (EMS) companies, which are based on their professional production technologies and intelligence capabilities, have appeared. The consumer electronics companies and the companies selling small IT products are using the EMS companies increasingly in order to become a market leader and to be more competitive. With the object of proposing ways to improve the outsourcing production plans and especially to help ordering companies manage the EMS companies, we reviewed the status of EMS, analyzed the EMS companies and reviewed the partnership between the ordering companies and the contracting companies from the viewpoint of manufacturing service. In addition, we arranged the evaluation criteria for selection of EMS company. Based on a survey including the interview, we examined the evaluation criteria and draw several implications.

This paper examines causality between R&D (public R&D and private R&D) and labor productivity and total factor productivity (TFP) by utilizing yearly data from 1970 to 2009. After cointegration tests, there were found cointegration between (i) privatelly financed R&D and publictly financed R&D, (ii) privately financed R&D and labor productivity. Error correction models were utilized for these two cointegration relationships, and Granger-causality were conducted for the others. Publicly financed R&D causes privately financed R&D, and the reverse was not supported. Privately financed R&D and labor productivity had bilateral Granger-causality. While privately financed R&D and publicly financed R&D had Granger-causality with TFP respectively, the reverse was not supported. Overall, the role of public R&D is important by directly impacting productivity (labor productivity and TFP) and indirectly impacting on productivity via private R&D.

This study is to investigate Korean bank efficiency from 2004 to 2010 by window data envelopment analysis with a window width of 3 years. Number of employees, number of branches, and total deposits are employed as inputs, and total loans, and securities output for window DEA analysis. From the efficiency for a particular year compared against the different windows, we can conclude a consistent upward shifting in efficient frontier since the efficiency for a given year decreases when the efficient frontier forwards. This fact indicates that some banks pushed the efficient frontier by technical innovations. In addition, average efficiency scores consistently increase with up and down trends. In addition, window analysis shows that Hankook City is the most efficient bank out of 13 and Kyong Nam is the most efficient out of the regional banks.

Uncertainties of supply chains are caused by the fact that supply chains are formed based on relationships among different companies. In this study, relations among factors caused by uncertainties of supply chain and effects on performance of supply chain by relationship variables derived from the perspective of organization behavior are analyzed. Previous studies on relationship variables in supply chains integrate buyers and suppliers or only consider either buyers or suppliers. However, relationship variables should be considered based on relationships among companies. Companies specialized in fire protection in which small number of buyers (58 buying companies) selects large number of suppliers (128 supply companies) providing materials to buyers are used for this study. Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Path Analysis (PA) are used to grasp relations among attributes of relationship variables in supply chains. In conclusion, we find that attributes in relationship variable for buyers are different from those for suppliers. Relations between ‘dependency’ and 'trust' and relations between 'trust' and 'performance' are shown to be high for buyers and suppliers. On the other hand, relations between ‘dependency’ and ‘conflict’ and relations between ‘conflict’ and ‘performance’ are shown to be high only for suppliers. Relations between ‘conflict’ and ‘trust’ are shown to be high only for buyers. Finally, the mutual interdependence between buyers and suppliers are not independent and the response to relationship variable are found to be more sensitive as the magnitude of force is getting low.

Expectancy Theory(Vroom, 1964), saying that all behaviors of an individual depend rationally on the perceived likelihood and the desirabilities of outcomes, has been one of main theoretical frameworks(Ambrose and Kulik, 1999) explaining human motivations in real job settings in the past 20 years, and currently is coming newly into the spotlight as practical and cognitive behavioral theory to induce successful activities (Edelman, Brush, Manolova, and Greene, 2010). Expectancy Theory has an efficient architecture capable of identifying easily individual’s subjective decision making processes by effort-performanceoutcome frame and a third party’s intervention or socio-economic environment creation in the processes. In this study, the effects of entrepreneurial expectancy on start-up outcome satisfaction mediated by the start-up activities and growth intentions was researched. For the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted of 286 venture and small/medium business entrepreneurs in Seoul and the metropolitan area, South Korea, and their responses were empirically analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows. First, entrepreneurs believe the likelihood of successful start-up will increase if they make the best use of their own skills, expertise and experiences and support organizations make efforts to improve entrepreneurs’ abilities and problem- solving strategies. Second, entrepreneurs perceive start-up activities and growth intentions as one of important means to achieve their own goals in life. Third, entrepreneurs consider as important entrepreneurial goals, the six elements of start-up outcome satisfaction including self-realization, financial success, independence, innovation, role, and recognition – especially, self-realization and innovation. This suggests advanced country type entrepreneurial motivations, as commonly seen in the course of transition from factors-and efficiency-driven economy type start-up to innovation-driven economy type start-up. Finally, it was found that there are predominant preferences of opportunitybased start-up pursuing firmly growth, to necessity-based ones. In this study, it was ascertained that study scope could be expanded from the field of organizational behavior regarded conventionally as the exclusive area of Expectancy Theory, to the field of start-up activities in which planned behaviors are emphasized. In addition, it paves the way to provide necessary information for entrepreneurial support organizations to propose effective alternatives for start-up and growth supports in consideration for individual’s abilities, desires, values and circumstances in the process of motivation. The author earnestly hope that this study makes a great contribution to the both academic development and the practical improvement, in the light of combining start-up activities with the construct of Expectancy Theory that show the processes in which entrepreneurs make start-up related decisions on the basis of entrepreneurial likelihood and start-up outcome satisfaction, the parties concerned in start-up intervene appropriately during motivation, and favorable circumstances for start-up are created.

Both the competence based trust and the benevolence based trust mediate partially the effect of ties between clients and consultants on consulting project performance with level of significance respectively in my study. From the above empirical analysis, this study has a contributions to research and practice as follows. The first, this study analysed statistically that the competence based trust and the benevolence based trust play a key role to achieve successful consulting project through the regression of mediation in terms of enhancing the success of consulting project. The second, this study focused on attributes of relational trust and structural ties between clients and consultants, instead of focusing on attributes of personal consultant's competence studied in antecedent researchs. The last, considering the partial mediating effects of the trust, this study emphasize that the ties only do not ensure successful consulting project and the fully trusted ties play a very important roles to achieve successful performance of consulting project in temporary, non- recurring and high-uncertain consulting project. Consequently, the building of the strong trust relationship with ties in general between clients and consultants is very important to promote management performance and eventually maximize enterprise value.

The primary purpose of this study is to introduce a way to construct the Social Accounting Matrix(SAM), which reflects knowledge as a production factor. The SAM is constructed based on the Input-Output table in 2009, complying with the recommendation regarding capital measures of intellectual property products. We define the SAM as a knowledge-based SAM. Through the SAM multiplier analysis, we analyze the effect of R&D investment. Our knowledge-based SAM makes a significant contribution to the study on R&D effect in that it distinguishes R&D investment from physical capital investment so that it lays the foundation for evaluating the economic effect of R&D activity and provides an indispensable dataset for a computable general equilibrium model.

This study investigated the impact of leader's intellectual stimulation on employees' absorptive capacity, creative behavior, and task performance. In particular, this study examined employees' absorptive capacity as a mediator in the relationship between leader's intellectual behavior, creative behavior, and task performance, between job innovativeness, creative behavior, and task performance. On the basis of theoretical linkages between the constructs, a conceptual model and hypotheses were established. Empirical data were collected by using a set of questionnaires. This survey was administered to employees working in 20 major firms. 606 samples were used for the analysis. Structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to test the hypothesized relationships in the conceptual model. This study shows that the proposed model is reasonably fit to the actual data. From these analyses, we can find some significant results and implications. First, the quality of leader's intellectual stimulation does not have directive impact on employees' creative behavior and task performance. Second, job innovativeness has directive impact on employees' creative behavior and task performance. Third, employees' absorptive capacity has mediated effects in the relationship between leader's intellectual behavior, creative behavior, and task performance, between job innovativeness, creative behavior, and task performance.

This study purposed to study the relationship between employees’ job satisfaction and turnover intention with the mediating variable of organizational commitment in hospital industry. 138 samples collected from two hospitals located at Seongnam-si were included for data analysis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted with the means of Smart-PLS 2.0 for the statistical test. The results showed that positive and significance relationship existed between job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Also, organizational policy and personal job factors effected to job satisfaction. The results also indicated that employees’ status whether they are permanent or part-time employee had influences on the statistical findings.